<s>
Euphoria	B-Application
is	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
created	O
by	O
Robert	O
Craig	O
of	O
Rapid	O
Deployment	O
Software	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Ontario	B-Architecture
,	O
Canada	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
developed	O
(	O
though	O
not	O
publicly	O
released	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
,	O
the	O
first	O
commercial	O
release	O
was	O
for	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
as	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
3	O
,	O
Euphoria	B-Application
became	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
openEuphoria	B-Application
Group	I-Application
continues	O
to	O
administer	O
and	O
develop	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
openEuphoria	B-Application
Group	I-Application
released	O
version	O
4	O
of	O
openEuphoria	B-Application
along	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
identity	O
and	O
mascot	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenEuphoria	B-Application
is	O
currently	O
available	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
and	O
three	O
flavors	O
of	O
*	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Euphoria	B-Application
is	O
a	O
general-purpose	O
high-level	B-Language
imperative-procedural	B-Application
interpreted	B-Application
language	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
translator	B-Application
generates	O
C	B-Language
source	O
code	O
and	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
compiler	I-Application
collection	I-Application
(	O
GCC	B-Application
)	O
and	O
Open	B-Application
Watcom	I-Application
compilers	O
are	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
Euphoria	B-Application
programs	O
may	O
be	O
bound	O
with	O
the	O
interpreter	B-Application
to	O
create	O
stand-alone	O
executables	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
libraries	O
are	O
supported	O
including	O
Win32lib	O
and	O
wrappers	O
for	O
wxWidgets	B-Language
,	O
GTK+	B-Application
and	O
IUP	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Euphoria	B-Application
has	O
a	O
simple	O
built-in	O
database	O
and	O
wrappers	O
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
other	O
databases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Euphoria	B-Application
language	I-Application
is	O
a	O
general	O
purpose	O
procedural	B-Application
language	I-Application
that	O
focuses	O
on	O
simplicity	O
,	O
legibility	O
,	O
rapid	O
development	O
and	O
performance	O
via	O
several	O
means	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simplicity	O
–	O
It	O
uses	O
just	O
four	O
built-in	O
data	O
types	O
(	O
see	O
below	O
)	O
and	O
implements	O
automatic	B-General_Concept
garbage	I-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rapid	O
development	O
–	O
An	O
interpreter	B-Application
encourages	O
prototyping	O
and	O
incremental	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Performance	O
–	O
An	O
efficient	O
reference-counting	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collector	I-General_Concept
correctly	O
handles	O
cyclic	O
references	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developed	O
as	O
a	O
personal	O
project	O
to	O
invent	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
from	O
scratch	O
,	O
Euphoria	B-Application
was	O
created	O
by	O
Robert	O
Craig	O
on	O
an	O
Atari	B-Device
Mega-ST	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
design	O
ideas	O
for	O
the	O
language	O
came	O
from	O
Craig	O
's	O
Master	O
's	O
thesis	O
in	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Toronto	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Craig	O
's	O
thesis	O
was	O
heavily	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
John	O
Backus	O
on	O
functional	B-Language
programming	I-Language
(	O
FP	O
)	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Craig	O
ported	O
his	O
original	O
Atari	O
implementation	O
to	O
the	O
16-bit	O
DOS	B-Device
platform	O
and	O
Euphoria	B-Application
was	O
first	O
released	O
,	O
version	O
1.0	O
,	O
in	O
July	O
1993	O
under	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
licence	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Euphoria	B-Application
continued	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
and	O
released	O
by	O
Craig	O
via	O
his	O
company	O
Rapid	O
Deployment	O
Software	O
(	O
RDS	O
)	O
and	O
website	O
rapideuphoria.com	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2006	O
RDS	O
released	O
version	O
3	O
of	O
Euphoria	B-Application
and	O
announced	O
that	O
henceforth	O
Euphoria	B-Application
would	O
be	O
freely	O
distributed	O
under	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
licence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RDS	O
continued	O
to	O
develop	O
Euphoria	B-Application
,	O
culminating	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
3.1.1	O
in	O
August	O
,	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subsequently	O
,	O
RDS	O
ceased	O
unilateral	O
development	O
of	O
Euphoria	B-Application
and	O
the	O
openEuphoria	B-Application
Group	I-Application
took	O
over	O
ongoing	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
openEuphoria	B-Application
Group	I-Application
released	O
version	O
4	O
in	O
December	O
,	O
2010	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
logo	O
and	O
mascot	O
for	O
the	O
openEuphoria	B-Application
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
3.1.1	O
remains	O
an	O
important	O
milestone	O
release	O
,	O
being	O
the	O
last	O
version	O
of	O
Euphoria	B-Application
which	O
supports	O
the	O
DOS	B-Device
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Euphoria	B-Application
is	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
End-User	O
Programming	O
with	O
Hierarchical	O
Objects	O
for	O
Robust	O
Interpreted	B-Application
Applications	O
although	O
there	O
is	O
some	O
suspicion	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
backronym	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Euphoria	B-Application
interpreter	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
.	O
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
2.5	O
in	O
November	O
2004	O
the	O
Euphoria	B-Application
interpreter	B-Application
was	O
split	O
into	O
two	O
parts	O
:	O
a	O
front-end	O
parser	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
back-end	O
interpreter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
front-end	O
is	O
now	O
written	O
in	O
Euphoria	B-Application
(	O
and	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
Euphoria-to-C	O
translator	B-Application
and	O
the	O
Binder	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
back-end	O
and	O
run	O
time	O
library	O
are	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Euphoria	B-Application
was	O
conceived	O
and	O
developed	O
with	O
the	O
following	O
design	O
goals	O
and	O
features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Binder	O
binds	O
the	O
Euphoria	B-Application
source	O
code	O
to	O
the	O
interpreter	B-Application
to	O
create	O
an	O
executable	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
read	B-Application
–	I-Application
eval	I-Application
–	I-Application
print	I-Application
loop	I-Application
(	O
REPL	B-Application
)	O
version	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
openEuphoria	B-Application
roadmap	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Euphoria	B-Application
is	O
designed	O
to	O
readily	O
facilitate	O
handling	O
of	O
dynamic	O
sets	O
of	O
data	O
of	O
varying	O
types	O
and	O
is	O
particularly	O
useful	O
for	O
string	O
and	O
image	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Euphoria	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
experiments	O
,	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
mathematics	O
,	O
for	O
teaching	O
programming	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
implement	O
fonts	O
involving	O
thousands	O
of	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
large	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Euphoria	B-Application
interpreter	B-Application
is	O
written	O
in	O
Euphoria	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Euphoria	B-Application
has	O
two	O
basic	O
data	O
types	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Euphoria	B-Application
dynamically	O
changes	O
between	O
integer	O
and	O
floating	O
point	O
representation	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
value	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Euphoria	B-Application
has	O
two	O
additional	O
data	O
types	O
predefined	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Characters	O
are	O
stored	O
as	O
integers	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
coding	O
ASCII-	O
'	O
A	O
 '	O
is	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
coding	O
65	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
because	O
literal	O
strings	O
are	O
so	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
programming	O
,	O
Euphoria	B-Application
interprets	O
double-quote	O
enclosed	O
characters	O
as	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
integers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
parameters	O
are	O
allowed	O
to	O
be	O
modified	O
locally	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
within	O
the	O
callee	O
)	O
which	O
is	O
implemented	O
very	O
efficiently	O
as	O
sequences	O
have	O
automatic	O
copy-on-write	B-Language
semantics	O
.	O
</s>
