<s>
Eugene	B-Protocol
Goostman	I-Protocol
is	O
a	O
chatbot	B-Application
that	O
very	O
few	O
regard	O
as	O
having	O
passed	O
the	O
Turing	O
test	O
,	O
a	O
test	O
of	O
a	O
computer	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
communicate	O
indistinguishably	O
from	O
a	O
human	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developed	O
in	O
Saint	O
Petersburg	O
in	O
2001	O
by	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
three	O
programmers	O
,	O
the	O
Russian-born	O
Vladimir	O
Veselov	O
,	O
Ukrainian-born	O
Eugene	O
Demchenko	O
,	O
and	O
Russian-born	O
Sergey	O
Ulasen	O
,	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
is	O
portrayed	O
as	O
a	O
13-year-old	O
Ukrainian	O
boy	O
—	O
characteristics	O
that	O
are	O
intended	O
to	O
induce	O
forgiveness	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
whom	O
it	O
interacts	O
for	O
its	O
grammatical	O
errors	O
and	O
lack	O
of	O
general	O
knowledge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
bot	O
has	O
competed	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Turing	O
test	O
contests	O
since	O
its	O
creation	O
,	O
and	O
finished	O
second	O
in	O
the	O
2005	O
and	O
2008	O
Loebner	O
Prize	O
contest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2012	O
,	O
at	O
an	O
event	O
marking	O
what	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
100th	O
birthday	O
of	O
the	O
test	O
's	O
author	O
,	O
Alan	O
Turing	O
,	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
won	O
a	O
competition	O
promoted	O
as	O
the	O
largest-ever	O
Turing	O
test	O
contest	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
it	O
successfully	O
convinced	O
29%	O
of	O
its	O
judges	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
human	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
7	O
June	O
2014	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
contest	O
marking	O
the	O
60th	O
anniversary	O
of	O
Turing	O
's	O
death	O
,	O
33%	O
of	O
the	O
event	O
's	O
judges	O
thought	O
that	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
was	O
human	O
;	O
the	O
event	O
's	O
organiser	O
Kevin	O
Warwick	O
considered	O
it	O
to	O
have	O
passed	O
Turing	O
's	O
test	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
per	O
Turing	O
's	O
prediction	O
in	O
his	O
1950	O
paper	O
Computing	O
Machinery	O
and	O
Intelligence	O
,	O
that	O
by	O
the	O
year	O
2000	O
,	O
machines	O
would	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
fooling	O
30%	O
of	O
human	O
judges	O
after	O
five	O
minutes	O
of	O
questioning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
validity	O
and	O
relevance	O
of	O
the	O
announcement	O
of	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
's	O
pass	O
was	O
questioned	O
by	O
critics	O
,	O
who	O
noted	O
the	O
exaggeration	O
of	O
the	O
achievement	O
by	O
Warwick	O
,	O
the	O
bot	O
's	O
use	O
of	O
personality	O
quirks	O
and	O
humour	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
misdirect	O
users	O
from	O
its	O
non-human	O
tendencies	O
and	O
lack	O
of	O
real	O
intelligence	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
"	O
passes	O
"	O
achieved	O
by	O
other	O
chatbots	B-Application
at	O
similar	O
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eugene	B-Protocol
Goostman	I-Protocol
is	O
portrayed	O
as	O
being	O
a	O
13-year-old	O
boy	O
from	O
Odessa	O
,	O
Ukraine	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
a	O
pet	O
guinea	O
pig	O
and	O
a	O
father	O
who	O
is	O
a	O
gynaecologist	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Veselov	O
stated	O
that	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
was	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
"	O
character	O
with	O
a	O
believable	O
personality	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Goostman	B-Protocol
's	O
young	O
age	O
also	O
induces	O
people	O
who	O
"	O
converse	O
"	O
with	O
him	O
to	O
forgive	O
minor	O
grammatical	O
errors	O
in	O
his	O
responses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
work	O
was	O
made	O
on	O
improving	O
the	O
bot	O
's	O
"	O
dialog	O
controller	O
"	O
,	O
allowing	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
to	O
output	O
more	O
human-like	O
dialogue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
conversation	O
between	O
Scott	O
Aaronson	O
and	O
Eugene	B-Protocol
Goostman	I-Protocol
ran	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Eugene	B-Protocol
Goostman	I-Protocol
has	O
competed	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Turing	O
test	O
competitions	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Loebner	O
Prize	O
contest	O
;	O
it	O
finished	O
joint	O
second	O
in	O
the	O
Loebner	O
test	O
in	O
2001	O
,	O
and	O
came	O
second	O
to	O
Jabberwacky	B-Protocol
in	O
2005	O
and	O
to	O
Elbot	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
23	O
June	O
2012	O
,	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
won	O
a	O
Turing	O
test	O
competition	O
at	O
Bletchley	O
Park	O
in	O
Milton	O
Keynes	O
,	O
held	O
to	O
mark	O
the	O
centenary	O
of	O
its	O
namesake	O
,	O
Alan	O
Turing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
7	O
June	O
2014	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
Turing	O
test	O
competition	O
at	O
the	O
Royal	O
Society	O
,	O
organised	O
by	O
Kevin	O
Warwick	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Reading	O
to	O
mark	O
the	O
60th	O
anniversary	O
of	O
Turing	O
's	O
death	O
,	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
won	O
after	O
33%	O
of	O
the	O
judges	O
were	O
convinced	O
that	O
the	O
bot	O
was	O
human	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
30	O
judges	O
took	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
Lord	O
Sharkey	O
,	O
a	O
sponsor	O
of	O
Turing	O
's	O
posthumous	O
pardon	O
,	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
Professor	O
Aaron	O
Sloman	O
,	O
Fellow	O
of	O
the	O
Royal	O
Society	O
Mark	O
Pagel	O
and	O
Red	O
Dwarf	O
actor	O
Robert	O
Llewellyn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Warwick	O
's	O
view	O
,	O
this	O
made	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
the	O
first	O
machine	O
to	O
pass	O
a	O
Turing	O
test	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Warwick	O
's	O
claim	O
that	O
Eugene	B-Protocol
Goostman	I-Protocol
was	O
the	O
first	O
ever	O
chatbot	B-Application
to	O
pass	O
a	O
Turing	O
test	O
was	O
met	O
with	O
scepticism	O
;	O
critics	O
acknowledged	O
similar	O
"	O
passes	O
"	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
by	O
other	O
chatbots	B-Application
under	O
the	O
30%	O
criteria	O
,	O
including	O
PC	O
Therapist	O
in	O
1991	O
(	O
which	O
tricked	O
5	O
of	O
10	O
judges	O
,	O
50%	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
Techniche	O
festival	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
modified	O
version	O
of	O
Cleverbot	B-Protocol
tricked	O
59.3	O
%	O
of	O
1334	O
votes	O
(	O
which	O
included	O
the	O
30	O
judges	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
an	O
audience	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cleverbot	B-Protocol
's	O
developer	O
,	O
Rollo	O
Carpenter	O
,	O
argued	O
that	O
Turing	O
tests	O
can	O
only	O
prove	O
that	O
a	O
machine	O
can	O
"	O
imitate	O
"	O
intelligence	O
rather	O
than	O
show	O
actual	O
intelligence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gary	O
Marcus	O
was	O
critical	O
of	O
Warwick	O
's	O
claims	O
,	O
arguing	O
that	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
's	O
"	O
success	O
"	O
was	O
only	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
cleverly-coded	O
piece	O
of	O
software	O
"	O
,	O
going	O
on	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
"	O
it	O
's	O
easy	O
to	O
see	O
how	O
an	O
untrained	O
judge	O
might	O
mistake	O
wit	O
for	O
reality	O
,	O
but	O
once	O
you	O
have	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
how	O
this	O
sort	O
of	O
system	O
works	O
,	O
the	O
constant	O
misdirection	O
and	O
deflection	O
becomes	O
obvious	O
,	O
even	O
irritating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
acknowledging	O
IBM	O
's	O
Deep	B-General_Concept
Blue	I-General_Concept
and	O
Watson	B-Application
projects	O
—	O
single-purpose	O
computer	O
systems	O
meant	O
for	O
playing	O
chess	B-Application
and	O
the	O
quiz	B-Application
show	I-Application
Jeopardy	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
respectively	O
—	O
as	O
examples	O
of	O
computer	O
systems	O
that	O
show	O
a	O
degree	O
of	O
intelligence	O
in	O
their	O
specialised	O
field	O
,	O
he	O
further	O
argued	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
an	O
equivalent	O
to	O
a	O
computer	O
system	O
that	O
shows	O
"	O
broad	O
"	O
intelligence	O
,	O
and	O
could	O
—	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
watch	O
a	O
television	O
programme	O
and	O
answer	B-Algorithm
questions	I-Algorithm
on	O
its	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
he	O
still	O
believed	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
potential	O
uses	O
for	O
technology	O
such	O
as	O
that	O
of	O
Goostman	B-Protocol
,	O
specifically	O
suggesting	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
"	O
believable	O
"	O
,	O
interactive	O
video	O
game	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Imperial	O
College	O
London	O
professor	O
Murray	O
Shanahan	O
questioned	O
the	O
validity	O
and	O
scientific	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
test	O
,	O
stating	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
"	O
completely	O
misplaced	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
devalues	O
real	O
AI	B-Application
research	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
makes	O
it	O
seem	O
like	O
science	O
fiction	O
AI	B-Application
is	O
nearly	O
here	O
,	O
when	O
in	O
fact	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
incredibly	O
difficult.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Mike	O
Masnick	O
,	O
editor	O
of	O
the	O
blog	O
Techdirt	O
,	O
was	O
also	O
skeptical	O
,	O
questioning	O
publicity	O
blunders	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
five	O
chatbots	B-Application
being	O
referred	O
to	O
in	O
press	O
releases	O
as	O
"	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
"	O
,	O
and	O
saying	O
that	O
"	O
creating	O
a	O
chatbot	B-Application
that	O
can	O
fool	O
humans	O
is	O
not	O
really	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
as	O
creating	O
artificial	O
intelligence.	O
"	O
</s>
