<s>
Etoys	B-Application
is	O
a	O
child-friendly	O
computer	O
environment	B-Device
and	O
object-oriented	B-Language
prototype-based	B-Application
programming	I-Application
language	I-Application
for	O
use	O
in	O
education	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Etoys	B-Application
is	O
a	O
media-rich	O
authoring	B-Application
environment	B-Device
with	O
a	O
scripted	B-Language
object	O
model	O
for	O
many	O
different	O
objects	O
that	O
runs	O
on	O
different	O
platforms	B-Device
and	O
is	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open	I-License
source	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Squeak	B-Operating_System
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
at	O
Apple	O
in	O
1996	O
by	O
Dan	O
Ingalls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Squeak	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
implementation	O
,	O
object-oriented	B-Language
,	O
class-based	O
,	O
and	O
reflective	O
,	O
derived	O
from	O
Smalltalk-80	B-Application
at	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Smalltalk-80	B-Application
developers	O
,	O
including	O
Dan	O
Ingalls	O
,	O
Ted	O
Kaehler	O
,	O
and	O
Alan	O
Kay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Squeak	B-Operating_System
4.0	O
is	O
released	O
under	O
the	B-License
MIT	I-License
License	I-License
,	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Apple	O
parts	O
remaining	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contributions	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
be	O
under	O
MIT	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
“	O
Back	O
to	O
the	O
Future	O
:	O
the	O
story	O
of	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
practical	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
written	O
in	O
itself	O
”	O
by	O
Dan	O
Ingalls	O
,	O
Ted	O
Kaehler	O
,	O
John	O
Maloney	O
,	O
Scott	O
Wallace	O
,	O
Alan	O
Kay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Squeak	B-Operating_System
migrated	O
to	O
Disney	O
Imagineering	O
Research	O
in	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Etoys	B-Application
development	O
began	O
and	O
was	O
directed	O
by	O
Alan	O
Kay	O
at	O
Disney	O
to	O
support	O
constructionist	O
learning	O
,	O
influenced	O
by	O
Seymour	O
Papert	O
and	O
the	O
Logo	B-Device
programming	I-Device
language	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Etoys	B-Application
development	O
team	O
at	O
Disney	O
included	O
:	O
Scott	O
Wallace	O
,	O
Ted	O
Kaehler	O
,	O
John	O
Maloney	O
,	O
Dan	O
Ingalls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Etoys	B-Application
influenced	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
another	O
Squeak-based	O
educational	B-Language
programming	B-General_Concept
environment	B-Device
known	O
as	O
Scratch	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scratch	B-Language
was	O
developed	O
at	O
MIT	B-License
,	O
after	O
Mitchell	O
Resnick	O
invited	O
John	O
Maloney	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Etoys	B-Application
development	O
team	O
to	O
come	O
to	O
MIT	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Etoys	B-Application
migrated	O
to	O
Viewpoints	O
Research	O
,	O
Inc.	O
,	O
incorporated	O
in	O
2001	O
,	O
to	O
improve	O
education	O
for	O
the	O
world	O
’s	O
children	O
and	O
advance	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
systems	O
research	O
and	O
personal	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006-2007	O
,	O
Etoys	B-Application
built	O
in	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
was	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
OLPC	O
project	O
,	O
on	O
their	O
OLPC	B-Application
XO-1	I-Application
educational	B-Language
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
preinstalled	O
on	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
XO-1	B-Application
laptops	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
“	O
Etoys	B-Application
for	O
One	O
Laptop	O
Per	O
Child	O
”	O
,	O
paper	O
by	O
Bert	O
Freudenberg	O
,	O
Yoshiki	O
Ohshima	O
,	O
Scott	O
Wallace	O
,	O
January	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
Squeakland	O
Foundation	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
Viewpoints	O
Research	O
,	O
Inc.	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
initial	O
step	O
in	O
launching	O
the	O
foundation	O
to	O
continue	O
encouraging	O
development	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
Etoys	B-Application
as	O
an	O
educational	B-Language
medium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Etoys	B-Application
development	O
was	O
inspired	O
and	O
directed	O
by	O
Alan	O
Kay	O
and	O
his	O
work	O
to	O
advance	O
and	O
support	O
constructionist	O
learning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Primary	O
influences	O
include	O
Seymour	O
Papert	O
and	O
the	O
Logo	B-Device
programming	I-Device
language	I-Device
,	O
a	O
dialect	O
of	O
Lisp	B-Language
optimized	O
for	O
educational	B-Language
use	O
;	O
work	O
done	O
at	O
Xerox	O
Palo	O
Alto	O
Research	O
Center	O
,	O
PARC	O
;	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
,	O
HyperCard	B-Application
,	O
StarLogo	B-Language
and	O
NetLogo	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
drag	O
and	O
drop	O
tile-based	O
approach	O
is	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
AgentSheets	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Promotion	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
version	O
of	O
Etoys	B-Application
is	O
co-ordinated	O
by	O
the	O
Viewpoints	O
Research	O
Institute	O
,	O
a	O
U.S.	O
educational	B-Language
non-profit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Etoys	B-Application
was	O
a	O
major	O
influence	O
on	O
a	O
similar	O
Squeak-based	O
programming	B-General_Concept
environment	B-Device
known	O
as	O
Scratch	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scratch	B-Language
was	O
designed	O
with	O
Etoys	B-Application
code	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
21st	O
century	O
by	O
the	O
MIT	B-License
Media	O
Lab	O
,	O
initially	O
targeted	O
at	O
after-school	O
computer	O
clubs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Etoys	B-Application
system	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
programmable	O
virtual	B-Application
entities	O
behaving	O
on	O
the	O
computer	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Etoys	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
media-rich	O
authoring	B-Application
environment	B-Device
with	O
a	O
simple	O
,	O
powerful	O
scripted	B-Language
object	O
model	O
for	O
many	O
kinds	O
of	O
objects	O
created	O
by	O
end-users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
2D	O
and	O
3D	O
graphics	O
,	O
images	O
,	O
text	O
,	O
particles	O
,	O
presentations	O
,	O
web-pages	O
,	O
videos	O
,	O
sound	O
and	O
MIDI	O
,	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
share	O
desktops	O
with	O
other	O
Etoy	O
users	O
in	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
,	O
so	O
many	O
forms	O
of	O
immersive	O
mentoring	O
and	O
play	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
Etoys	B-Application
versions	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
languages	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Squeak	B-Operating_System
Etoys	B-Application
runs	O
on	O
more	O
than	O
20	O
platforms	B-Device
bit-identically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
exist	O
written	O
in	O
three	O
programming	B-General_Concept
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
and	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
dialect	O
of	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
is	O
also	O
based	O
on	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
uses	O
the	O
optional	O
Tweak	B-Application
programming	I-Application
environment	I-Application
instead	O
of	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
's	O
default	O
Morphic	O
environment	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
Python	B-Language
and	O
is	O
named	O
PataPata	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
and	O
;	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
Morphic	O
version	O
was	O
adapted	O
for	O
distribution	O
on	O
the	O
OLPC	B-Application
XO-1	I-Application
educational	B-Language
machine	O
,	O
sometimes	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
$100	B-Application
laptop	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Viewpoints	O
Research	O
Institute	O
participates	O
in	O
the	O
One	O
Laptop	O
per	O
Child	O
association	O
,	O
and	O
Etoys	B-Application
is	O
pre-installed	O
on	O
all	O
XO-1	B-Application
laptops	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
licensing	O
is	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open	I-License
source	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2010	O
,	O
Etoys	B-Application
4	O
conforms	O
to	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open	I-License
source	I-License
systems	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
various	O
Linux	O
distributions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	O
,	O
Apple	O
had	O
released	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
under	O
their	O
"	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
license	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
did	O
not	O
qualify	O
as	O
fully	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
an	O
indemnity	O
clause	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2006	O
,	O
Apple	O
relicensed	O
the	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
core	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
2.0	I-Application
license	I-Application
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
,	O
Dan	O
Ingalls	O
,	O
and	O
Alan	O
Kay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Viewpoints	O
Research	O
collected	O
written	O
relicensing	O
agreements	O
from	O
several	O
hundred	O
contributors	O
under	O
the	B-License
MIT	I-License
license	I-License
,	O
and	O
all	O
code	O
in	O
Etoys	B-Application
not	O
explicitly	O
covered	O
by	O
a	O
relicensing	O
agreement	O
was	O
removed	O
,	O
rewritten	O
,	O
or	O
reverted	O
to	O
an	O
earlier	O
version	O
,	O
mostly	O
by	O
Yoshiki	O
Ohshima	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Squeak	B-Operating_System
Etoys	B-Application
is	O
now	O
completely	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open	I-License
source	I-License
.	O
</s>
