<s>
EMML	B-Application
,	O
or	O
Enterprise	B-Application
Mashup	I-Application
Markup	I-Application
Language	I-Application
,	O
is	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
markup	O
language	O
for	O
creating	O
enterprise	B-Application
mashups	I-Application
,	O
which	O
are	O
software	O
applications	O
that	O
consume	O
and	O
mash	O
data	O
from	O
variety	O
of	O
sources	O
,	O
often	O
performing	O
logical	O
or	O
mathematical	O
operations	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
presenting	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mashed	O
data	O
produced	O
by	O
enterprise	B-Application
mashups	I-Application
are	O
presented	O
in	O
graphical	O
user	O
interfaces	O
as	O
mashlets	O
,	O
widgets	O
,	O
or	O
gadgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EMML	B-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
declarative	O
mashup	B-Application
domain-specific	B-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
DSL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
mashup	B-Application
DSL	O
eliminates	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
complex	O
,	O
time-consuming	O
,	O
and	O
repeatable	O
procedural	O
programming	O
logic	O
to	O
create	O
enterprise	B-Application
mashups	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
EMML	B-Application
also	O
provides	O
a	O
declarative	O
language	O
for	O
creating	O
visual	O
tools	O
for	O
enterprise	B-Application
mashups	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
benefits	O
of	O
EMML	B-Application
are	O
mashup	B-Application
design	O
portability	O
and	O
interoperability	O
of	O
mashup	B-Application
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
benefits	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
accelerate	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
enterprise	B-Application
mashups	I-Application
by	O
creating	O
transferable	O
skills	O
for	O
software	O
developers	O
and	O
reducing	O
vendor	O
lock-in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
introduction	O
of	O
EMML	B-Application
is	O
expected	O
to	O
help	O
accelerate	O
the	O
trend	O
toward	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
web-based	O
applications	O
and	O
service-oriented	O
architecture	O
(	O
SOA	O
)	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bank	O
of	O
America	O
was	O
a	O
high-profile	O
early	O
supporter	O
of	O
EMML	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raj	O
Krishnamurthy	O
(	O
chief	O
architect	O
at	O
JackBe	O
Corporation	O
)	O
and	O
Deepak	O
Alur	O
(	O
VP	O
engineering	O
at	O
JackBe	O
Corporation	O
)	O
started	O
working	O
on	O
EMML	B-Application
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
enable	O
user-oriented	O
and	O
user-enabled	O
mashups	B-Application
by	O
creating	O
what	O
was	O
then	O
a	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
middleware	O
called	O
an	O
Enterprise	O
Mashup	B-Application
Platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raj	O
Krishnamurthy	O
became	O
the	O
chief	O
language	O
designer	O
and	O
implementer	O
of	O
EMML	B-Application
and	O
also	O
led	O
the	O
team	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
Eclipse-based	O
EMML	B-Application
IDE	B-Application
called	O
Mashup	B-Application
Studio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
work	O
evolved	O
into	O
the	O
EMML	B-Application
reference	O
implementation	O
that	O
was	O
donated	O
to	O
the	O
Open	O
Mashup	B-Application
Alliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raj	O
Krishnamurthy	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
contributors	O
to	O
EMML	B-Application
through	O
the	O
Open	O
Mashup	B-Application
Alliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EMML	B-Application
language	O
provides	O
a	O
rich	O
set	O
of	O
high-level	O
mashup-domain	O
vocabulary	O
to	O
consume	O
and	O
mash	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
web	O
data-sources	O
in	O
flexible	O
ways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EMML	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
uniform	O
syntax	O
to	O
invoke	O
heterogeneous	O
service	O
styles	O
:	O
REST	O
,	O
WSDL	O
,	O
RSS/ATOM	O
,	O
RDBMS	O
,	O
and	O
POJO	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
EMML	B-Application
language	O
also	O
provides	O
ability	O
to	O
mix	O
diverse	O
data	O
formats	O
:	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
,	O
JDBC	B-Language
,	O
JavaObjects	O
,	O
and	O
primitive	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High-level	O
EMML	B-Application
language	O
features	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
EMML	B-Application
is	O
primarily	O
a	O
XML-based	O
declarative	O
language	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
provides	O
ability	O
to	O
encode	O
complex	O
logic	O
using	O
embedded	O
scripting	O
engines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPath	B-Language
is	O
the	O
expression	O
language	O
used	O
in	O
EMML	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
data	O
services	O
may	O
be	O
REST	O
,	O
RSS/ATOM	O
,	O
or	O
SOAP	B-Protocol
services	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
directinvoke	O
also	O
supports	O
Web	O
clipping	O
by	O
allowing	O
HTML	B-Language
pages	O
to	O
be	O
specified	O
as	O
service	O
endpoints	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HTTP	O
Header	O
and	O
cookie	O
support	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
thus	O
providing	O
capability	O
to	O
consume	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
REST/SOAP	O
Web	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
filter	O
statement	O
filters	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
a	O
variable	O
using	O
an	O
XPath	B-Language
expression	O
and	O
places	O
the	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
variable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standard	O
XPath	B-Language
aggregation	O
operations	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
extension	O
mechanism	O
for	O
adding	O
user-defined	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
merge	O
provides	O
ability	O
to	O
combine	O
various	O
data	O
sources	O
including	O
RSS/ATOM	O
feeds	B-Application
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
payload	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
News	O
,	O
Financial	O
News	O
,	O
and	O
Reuters	O
feeds	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
EMML	B-Application
is	O
a	O
declarative	O
language	O
,	O
but	O
provides	O
programmatic	O
scripting	O
extensions	O
for	O
performing	O
complex	O
mashup	B-Application
logic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
JRuby	B-Language
,	O
Groovy	B-Application
,	O
POJO	B-General_Concept
,	O
XQuery	B-Language
scripting	O
environments	O
are	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
flows	O
seamlessly	O
between	O
EMML	B-Application
and	O
scripting	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Code	O
sample	O
where	O
JavaScript	B-Language
snippet	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
extract	O
authentication	O
token	O
that	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
subsequent	O
calls	O
"	O
result	O
"	O
variable	O
that	O
gets	O
propagated	O
to	O
JavaScript	B-Language
environment	O
:	O
</s>
