<s>
In	O
networking	O
jargon	O
,	O
a	O
computer	O
,	O
phone	O
,	O
or	O
internet	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
things	I-Operating_System
device	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
computer	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
is	O
sometimes	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
an	O
end	B-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
or	O
end	B-Protocol
station	I-Protocol
,	O
because	O
it	O
sits	O
at	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
end	O
user	O
directly	O
interacts	O
with	O
an	O
end	B-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
that	O
provides	O
information	O
or	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
End	B-Protocol
systems	I-Protocol
that	O
are	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
are	O
also	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
internet	B-Device
hosts	I-Device
;	O
this	O
is	O
because	O
they	O
host	O
(	O
run	O
)	O
internet	B-Application
applications	I-Application
such	O
as	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
or	O
an	O
email	O
retrieval	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Internet	O
's	O
end	B-Protocol
systems	I-Protocol
include	O
some	O
computers	O
with	O
which	O
the	O
end	O
user	O
does	O
not	O
directly	O
interact	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
mail	B-Protocol
servers	I-Protocol
,	O
web	B-Application
servers	I-Application
,	O
or	O
database	B-Application
servers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	B-Operating_System
internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
things	I-Operating_System
,	O
household	O
items	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
toasters	B-Application
and	O
refrigerators	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
portable	O
,	O
handheld	O
computers	O
and	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
are	O
all	O
being	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
internet	O
as	O
end	B-Protocol
systems	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
End	B-Protocol
systems	I-Protocol
are	O
generally	O
connected	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
using	O
switching	O
devices	O
known	O
as	O
routers	B-Protocol
rather	O
than	O
using	O
a	O
single	O
communication	O
link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
path	O
that	O
transmitted	O
information	O
takes	O
from	O
the	O
sending	O
end	B-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
,	O
through	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
communications	O
links	O
and	O
routers	B-Protocol
,	O
to	O
the	O
receiving	O
end	B-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
is	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
route	O
or	O
path	O
through	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sending	O
and	O
receiving	O
route	O
can	O
be	O
different	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
reallocated	O
during	O
transmission	O
due	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
network	B-Architecture
topology	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
