<s>
End-user	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
(	O
EUC	O
)	O
refers	O
to	O
systems	O
in	O
which	O
non-programmers	O
can	O
create	O
working	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
End-user	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
can	O
range	O
in	O
complexity	O
from	O
users	O
simply	O
clicking	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
buttons	O
,	O
to	O
citizen	O
developers	O
writing	O
scripts	O
in	O
a	O
controlled	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
to	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
modify	O
and	O
execute	O
code	O
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
end-user	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
are	O
systems	O
built	O
using	O
fourth-generation	B-Language
programming	I-Language
languages	I-Language
,	O
such	O
as	O
MAPPER	B-Language
or	O
SQL	B-Language
,	O
or	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
fifth-generation	O
programming	O
languages	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
ICAD	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Factors	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
further	O
EUC	O
research	O
include	O
knowledge	O
processing	O
,	O
pervasive	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
,	O
issues	O
of	O
ontology	O
,	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
visualization	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
the	O
like	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
issues	O
related	O
to	O
end-user	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
concern	O
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
(	O
iconic	B-Application
versus	O
language	O
interfaces	O
,	O
open	O
versus	O
closed	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
End-user	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
allows	O
more	O
user-input	O
into	O
system	O
affairs	O
that	O
can	O
range	O
from	O
personalization	O
to	O
full-fledged	O
ownership	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
Application	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
Strategy	O
/	O
IT	O
Strategy	O
should	O
consider	O
the	O
white	O
spaces	O
in	O
automation	O
(	O
enterprise	O
functionality	O
not	O
automated	O
by	O
ERP	O
/	O
Enterprise	O
Grade	O
Applications	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
End-user	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
covers	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
user-facing	O
resources	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
scripting	B-Language
languages	I-Language
such	O
as	O
robotic	O
desktop	O
automation	O
or	O
RDA	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
End-user	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
operating	O
and	O
business	O
risks	O
may	O
be	O
driven	O
by	O
:	O
</s>
