<s>
Empire	O
is	O
a	O
1977	O
turn-based	O
wargame	B-Application
with	O
simple	O
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
player	O
's	O
collection	O
of	O
cities	O
expands	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
set	O
aside	O
some	O
to	O
produce	O
more	O
time-consuming	O
types	O
,	O
like	O
battleships	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Walter	O
Bright	O
created	O
Empire	O
as	O
a	O
board	O
wargame	B-Application
as	O
a	O
child	O
,	O
inspired	O
by	O
Risk	O
,	O
Stratego	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
film	O
Battle	O
of	O
Britain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
found	O
gameplay	O
tedious	O
,	O
but	O
later	O
realized	O
that	O
a	O
computer	O
could	O
handle	O
the	O
gameplay	O
and	O
serve	O
as	O
CPU	B-Application
opponent	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
version	O
of	O
computer	O
Empire	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
BASIC	O
,	O
before	O
being	O
re-written	O
around	O
1977	O
in	O
the	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
programming	I-Application
language	I-Application
for	O
the	O
PDP-10	B-Device
computer	O
at	O
Caltech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
was	O
spread	O
virally	O
to	O
other	O
PDP-10s	B-Device
,	O
which	O
were	O
then	O
common	O
timesharing	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
Bright	O
recoded	O
this	O
in	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
on	O
a	O
Heathkit	B-Device
H11	I-Device
and	O
made	O
it	O
available	O
commercially	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
some	O
point	O
,	O
someone	O
broke	O
through	O
the	O
security	O
systems	O
at	O
Caltech	O
,	O
and	O
took	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
FORTRAN/PDP	O
-10	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
ported	O
the	O
code	O
to	O
the	O
VAX/VMS	B-Operating_System
operating	O
system	O
and	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
alias	O
of	O
"	O
Mario	O
DeNobili	O
and	O
Paulson	O
"	O
,	O
submitted	O
the	O
program	O
to	O
DECUS	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
user	O
's	O
group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1987	O
,	O
Chuck	O
Simmons	O
re-implemented	O
the	O
game	O
in	O
C	B-Language
using	O
the	O
UNIX	B-Device
curses	I-Device
library	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
its	O
support	O
for	O
many	O
different	O
character-cell	O
terminals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eric	O
S	O
.	O
Raymond	O
maintains	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
this	O
version	O
and	O
shared	O
some	O
version	O
with	O
open-source	B-Application
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
magazine	O
's	O
wargame	B-Application
columnist	O
Terry	O
Coleman	O
named	O
it	O
his	O
pick	O
for	O
the	O
second-best	O
computer	B-Application
wargame	I-Application
released	O
by	O
late	O
1996	O
,	O
behind	O
Panzer	B-Application
General	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
this	O
,	O
Bright	O
recoded	O
the	O
game	O
in	O
C	B-Language
on	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
around	O
1987	O
,	O
Empire	B-Application
:	I-Application
Wargame	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Century	I-Application
on	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
,	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
Commodore	O
64	O
,	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
DOS	B-Device
was	O
produced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
Mark	O
Baldwin	O
and	O
Bob	O
Rakowsky	O
rewrote	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
calling	O
it	O
Empire	O
Deluxe	O
for	O
DOS	B-Device
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
released	O
in	O
1993	O
with	O
New	O
World	O
Computing	O
as	O
the	O
publisher	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
expansion	O
pack	O
,	O
Empire	O
Deluxe	O
Scenarios	O
,	O
was	O
produced	O
later	O
in	O
1993	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
map	O
and	O
scenario	O
statistics	O
tool	O
,	O
a	O
map	O
randomiser	O
tool	O
(	O
as	O
random	O
maps	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
Interstel	O
version	O
,	O
but	O
lacking	O
from	O
Empire	O
Deluxe	O
)	O
,	O
upgrade	O
patches	O
for	O
both	O
DOS	B-Device
and	O
Windows	B-Application
versions	O
and	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
37	O
scenarios	O
(	O
with	O
accompanying	O
maps	O
)	O
from	O
"	O
celebrity	O
"	O
designers	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
famous	O
in	O
the	O
games	O
industry	O
including	O
Will	O
Wright	O
,	O
Jerry	O
Pournelle	O
,	O
Jim	O
Dunnigan	O
,	O
Johnny	O
Wilson	O
(	O
Computer	O
Gaming	O
World	O
editor	O
)	O
,	O
Gordon	O
Walton	O
,	O
Don	O
Gilman	O
(	O
Harpoon	B-Application
series	O
architect	O
)	O
,	O
Trevor	O
Sorensen	O
(	O
Star	B-Application
Fleet	I-Application
series	O
designer	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
authors	O
Mark	O
Baldwin	O
and	O
Bob	O
Rakosky	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer	O
Gaming	O
World	O
in	O
1993	O
called	O
Empire	O
Deluxe	O
"	O
a	O
welcome	O
addiction	O
(	O
sic	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
library	O
of	O
every	O
serious	O
strategy	B-Application
gamer	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
1993	O
survey	O
in	O
the	O
magazine	O
of	O
wargames	B-Application
gave	O
the	O
game	O
four	O
stars	O
out	O
of	O
five	O
,	O
noting	O
flaws	O
but	O
stating	O
that	O
"	O
Yet	O
,	O
I	O
keep	O
on	O
playing	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EDIE	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
produced	O
several	O
other	O
editions	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
and	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	O
,	O
New	O
World	O
Computing	O
published	O
a	O
sequel	O
named	O
Empire	B-Application
II	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Art	I-Application
of	I-Application
War	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
original	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
turn-based	O
strategy	B-Application
,	O
Empire	O
II	O
was	O
shifted	O
towards	O
turn-based	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
:	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
more	O
empire-building	O
and	O
production	O
of	O
units	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
complexity	O
and	O
realism	O
of	O
battles	O
were	O
enhanced	O
with	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
morale	O
rules	O
and	O
various	O
degrees	O
of	O
damage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
ports	O
and	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
modern	O
PC	O
operating	O
systems	O
available	O
for	O
free	O
download	O
at	O
Walter	O
Bright	O
's	O
Classic	B-Application
Empire	I-Application
webpage	O
.	O
</s>
