<s>
An	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
(	O
,	O
,	O
rarely	O
,	O
)	O
,	O
short	O
for	O
"	O
emotion	O
icon	O
"	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
simply	O
as	O
an	O
emote	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
pictorial	O
representation	O
of	O
a	O
facial	O
expression	O
using	O
characters	O
—	O
usually	O
punctuation	O
marks	O
,	O
numbers	O
,	O
and	O
letters	O
—	O
to	O
express	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
feelings	O
,	O
mood	O
or	O
reaction	O
,	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
time-saving	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
</s>
<s>
In	O
Western	O
countries	O
,	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
are	O
usually	O
written	O
at	O
a	O
right	O
angle	O
to	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
the	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
from	O
Japan	O
popularized	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
called	O
kaomoji	O
,	O
utilizing	O
the	O
larger	O
character	O
sets	O
required	O
for	O
Japanese	O
,	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
understood	O
without	O
tilting	O
one	O
's	O
head	O
to	O
the	O
left	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
style	O
arose	O
on	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
NET	O
of	O
Japan	O
in	O
1986	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
SMS	B-Device
mobile	O
text	O
messaging	O
and	O
the	O
Internet	O
became	O
widespread	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
became	O
increasingly	O
popular	O
and	O
were	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
texting	O
,	O
Internet	B-Application
forums	I-Application
,	O
and	O
e-mails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoticons	B-Protocol
have	O
played	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
communication	O
through	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
devices	O
and	O
applications	O
have	O
provided	O
stylized	O
pictures	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
text	O
punctuation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoticons	B-Protocol
were	O
the	O
precursors	O
to	O
modern	O
emojis	B-Application
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
continuous	O
development	O
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
digital	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
over	O
90%	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
online	O
population	O
uses	O
emojis	B-Application
or	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
were	O
not	O
the	O
first	O
instances	O
of	O
or	O
being	O
used	O
in	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Precursors	O
to	O
modern	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
have	O
existed	O
since	O
the	O
19th	O
century	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
Zealand	O
academics	O
Joan	O
Gajadhar	O
and	O
John	O
Green	O
comment	O
that	O
both	O
Morse	O
code	O
abbreviations	O
are	O
more	O
succinct	O
than	O
modern	O
abbreviations	O
such	O
as	O
LOL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
has	O
been	O
some	O
debate	O
whether	O
the	O
glyph	O
in	O
Lincoln	O
's	O
speech	O
was	O
a	O
typo	O
,	O
a	O
legitimate	O
punctuation	O
construct	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
first	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
March	O
1881	O
the	O
examples	O
of	O
"	O
typographical	O
art	O
"	O
appeared	O
in	O
at	O
least	O
three	O
newspaper	O
articles	O
,	O
including	O
Kurjer	O
warszawski	O
(	O
published	O
in	O
Warsaw	B-Application
)	O
from	O
March	O
5	O
,	O
1881	O
,	O
using	O
punctuation	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
emotions	O
of	O
joy	O
,	O
melancholy	O
,	O
indifference	O
,	O
and	O
astonishment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brackets	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
mouth	O
or	O
cheeks	O
,	O
with	O
other	O
punctuation	O
used	O
between	O
the	O
brackets	O
to	O
display	O
various	O
emotions	O
:	O
for	O
a	O
smile	O
,	O
(	O
showing	O
more	O
"	O
teeth	O
"	O
)	O
for	O
laughter	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
frown	O
and	O
for	O
a	O
wink	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
piece	O
,	O
featuring	O
typewriter-generated	O
artwork	O
credited	O
to	O
"	O
Royal	O
Portable	O
"	O
,	O
was	O
entirely	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
repurposed	O
typography	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
capital	O
letter	O
P	O
having	O
a	O
bigger	O
bust	O
than	O
a	O
capital	O
I	O
,	O
a	O
lowercase	O
b	O
and	O
d	O
discussing	O
their	O
pregnancies	O
,	O
an	O
asterisk	B-Language
on	O
top	O
of	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
indicate	O
the	O
letter	O
had	O
just	O
come	O
inside	O
from	O
snowfall	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
classroom	O
of	O
lowercase	O
n	O
's	O
interrupted	O
by	O
a	O
lowercase	O
h	O
"	O
raising	O
its	O
hand	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
further	O
example	O
attributed	O
to	O
a	O
Baltimore	O
Sunday	O
Sun	O
columnist	O
appeared	O
in	O
a	O
1967	O
article	O
in	O
Reader	O
's	O
Digest	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
dash	B-Protocol
and	O
right	O
bracket	O
to	O
represent	O
a	O
tongue	O
in	O
one	O
's	O
cheek	O
:	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prefiguring	O
the	O
modern	O
"	O
smiley	O
"	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
,	O
writer	O
Vladimir	B-Application
Nabokov	O
told	O
an	O
interviewer	O
from	O
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
in	O
1969	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
often	O
think	O
there	O
should	O
exist	O
a	O
special	O
typographical	O
sign	O
for	O
a	O
smilesome	O
sort	O
of	O
concave	O
mark	O
,	O
a	O
supine	O
round	O
bracket	O
,	O
which	O
I	O
would	O
now	O
like	O
to	O
trace	O
in	O
reply	O
to	O
your	O
question.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1970s	O
,	O
the	O
PLATO	B-Operating_System
IV	I-Operating_System
computer	O
system	O
was	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mary	O
Kalantzis	O
and	O
Bill	O
Cope	O
stated	O
this	O
likely	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
1972	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
claimed	O
these	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
student	O
's	O
creations	O
likely	O
cover	O
multiple	O
timelines	O
,	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
computer	O
icons	O
,	O
digital	O
pictograms	O
and	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
pictograms	O
were	O
not	O
focused	O
on	O
offering	O
a	O
means	O
to	O
communicate	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
n't	O
generally	O
considered	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
computer	O
scientist	O
Scott	O
Fahlman	O
is	O
generally	O
credited	O
with	O
the	O
invention	O
of	O
the	O
digital	O
text-based	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
's	O
bulletin	B-Application
board	I-Application
system	I-Application
(	O
BBS	O
)	O
was	O
a	O
forum	O
used	O
by	O
students	O
and	O
teachers	O
for	O
discussing	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
topics	O
,	O
where	O
jokes	O
often	O
created	O
misunderstandings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
symbols	O
,	O
a	O
standard	O
set	O
of	O
codes	O
representing	O
typographical	O
marks	O
,	O
was	O
essential	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
symbols	O
to	O
be	O
displayed	O
on	O
any	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
suggestions	O
on	O
the	O
forum	O
included	O
an	O
asterisk	B-Language
and	O
an	O
ampersand	O
,	O
the	O
former	O
meant	O
to	O
represent	O
a	O
person	O
doubled	O
over	O
in	O
laughter	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
percent	O
sign	O
and	O
a	O
pound	O
sign	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
a	O
few	O
months	O
,	O
the	O
smiley	O
had	O
spread	O
to	O
the	O
ARPANET	O
and	O
Usenet	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scott	O
Fahlman	O
took	O
it	O
a	O
step	O
further	O
,	O
by	O
suggesting	O
that	O
not	O
only	O
could	O
his	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
communication	O
emotion	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
replace	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
the	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
as	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
communication	O
is	O
why	O
Fahlman	O
is	O
seen	O
as	O
the	O
creator	O
of	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
vs.	O
other	O
earlier	O
claims	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
modern	O
times	O
,	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
have	O
been	O
around	O
since	O
1990s	O
and	O
at	O
present	O
"	O
Smiley	O
"	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
(	O
colon	O
,	O
hyphen	O
and	O
bracket	O
)	O
have	O
become	O
integral	O
to	O
digital	O
communications	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
inspired	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
other	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
,	O
including	O
the	O
"	O
winking	O
"	O
face	O
using	O
a	O
semicolon	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
surprised	O
"	O
face	O
with	O
a	O
letter	O
o	B-Language
in	O
place	O
of	O
a	O
bracket	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
a	O
visual	O
representation	O
of	O
the	O
Face	O
with	O
Tears	O
of	O
Joy	O
emoji	B-Application
or	O
the	O
acronym	O
LOL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1997	O
book	O
Smileys	O
by	O
David	O
Sanderson	O
included	O
over	O
650	O
different	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
James	O
Marshall	O
's	O
online	O
dictionary	O
of	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
listed	O
over	O
two	O
thousand	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
researcher	O
at	O
Stanford	O
University	O
surveyed	O
the	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
used	O
in	O
four	O
million	O
Twitter	B-Application
messages	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
smiling	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
without	O
a	O
hyphen	O
"	O
nose	O
"	O
was	O
much	O
more	O
common	O
than	O
the	O
original	O
version	O
with	O
the	O
hyphen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nicolas	O
Loufrani	O
developed	O
hundreds	O
of	O
different	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
,	O
including	O
3D	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
graphical	O
representations	O
of	O
the	O
originally	O
text-based	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
published	O
his	O
icons	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
created	O
by	O
others	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
their	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
versions	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
online	O
Smiley	O
Dictionary	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fahlman	O
has	O
stated	O
that	O
he	O
sees	O
emojis	B-Application
as	O
"	O
the	O
remote	O
descendants	O
of	O
this	O
thing	O
I	O
did.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
23rd	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
Scott	O
Fahlman	O
was	O
holding	O
an	O
auction	O
for	O
the	O
original	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
he	O
created	O
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
,	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
in	O
Western	O
style	O
have	O
the	O
eyes	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
nose	O
and	O
the	O
mouth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
basic	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
are	O
relatively	O
consistent	O
in	O
form	O
,	O
but	O
each	O
of	O
them	O
can	O
be	O
transformed	O
by	O
being	O
rotated	O
(	O
making	O
them	O
tiny	O
ambigrams	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
a	O
hyphen	O
(	O
nose	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
some	O
possible	O
variations	O
to	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
to	O
get	O
new	O
definitions	O
,	O
like	O
changing	O
a	O
character	O
to	O
express	O
a	O
new	O
feeling	O
,	O
or	O
slightly	O
change	O
the	O
mood	O
of	O
the	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Others	O
include	O
wink	B-Application
;	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
grin	O
:D	O
,	O
smug	O
:->	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
denote	O
a	O
flirting	O
or	O
joking	O
tone	O
,	O
or	O
may	O
be	O
implying	O
a	O
second	O
meaning	O
in	O
the	O
sentence	O
preceding	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
;P	B-Protocol
,	O
such	O
as	O
when	O
blowing	O
a	O
raspberry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
:O	O
is	O
also	O
sometimes	O
used	O
to	O
depict	O
shock	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
broad	O
grin	O
is	O
sometimes	O
shown	O
with	O
crinkled	O
eyes	O
to	O
express	O
further	O
amusement	O
;	O
XD	B-Protocol
and	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
further	O
"	O
D	O
"	O
letters	O
can	O
suggest	O
laughter	O
or	O
extreme	O
amusement	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
computers	O
offer	O
increasing	O
built-in	O
support	O
for	O
non-Western	O
writing	O
systems	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
other	O
glyphs	O
to	O
build	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
'	O
shrug	O
 '	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
,	O
¯	O
\_( ツ	O
)	O
_/	O
¯	O
,	O
uses	O
the	O
glyph	O
ツ	O
from	O
the	O
Japanese	O
katakana	O
writing	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
equal	O
sign	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
eyes	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
the	O
colon	O
,	O
seen	O
as	O
=	O
)	O
,	O
without	O
changing	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
these	O
instances	O
,	O
the	O
hyphen	O
is	O
almost	O
always	O
either	O
omitted	O
or	O
,	O
occasionally	O
,	O
replaced	O
with	O
an	O
"	O
o	B-Language
"	O
as	O
in	O
=O	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
circles	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
acceptable	O
to	O
omit	O
the	O
hyphen	O
,	O
whether	O
a	O
colon	O
or	O
an	O
equal	O
sign	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
eyes	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
some	O
areas	O
of	O
usage	O
people	O
still	O
prefer	O
the	O
larger	O
,	O
more	O
traditional	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
:	O
-	O
)	O
or	O
:	O
^	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
linguistic	O
study	O
has	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
nose	O
in	O
an	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
age	O
,	O
with	O
younger	O
people	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
nose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar-looking	O
characters	O
are	O
commonly	O
substituted	O
for	O
one	O
another	O
:	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
o	B-Language
,	O
O	B-Language
,	O
and	O
0	O
can	O
all	O
be	O
used	O
interchangeably	O
,	O
sometimes	O
for	O
subtly	O
different	O
effect	O
or	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
one	O
type	O
of	O
character	O
may	O
look	O
better	O
in	O
a	O
certain	O
font	O
and	O
therefore	O
be	O
preferred	O
over	O
another	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
letters	O
Ö	O
and	O
Ü	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
an	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
,	O
as	O
the	O
upright	O
version	O
of	O
:O	O
(	O
meaning	O
that	O
one	O
is	O
surprised	O
)	O
and	O
:D	O
(	O
meaning	O
that	O
one	O
is	O
very	O
happy	O
)	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
may	O
be	O
read	O
right	O
to	O
left	O
instead	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
written	O
using	O
standard	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
keyboard	O
characters	O
this	O
way	O
round	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
D	O
:	O
which	O
refers	O
to	O
being	O
shocked	O
or	O
anxious	O
,	O
opposite	O
to	O
the	O
large	O
grin	O
of	O
:D	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
from	O
Japan	O
popularized	O
a	O
style	O
of	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
( 顔文字	O
,	O
kaomoji	O
,	O
lit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
style	O
arose	O
on	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
NET	O
,	O
an	O
early	O
Japanese	O
online	O
service	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
often	O
include	O
Japanese	O
typography	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
characters	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
Western-style	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
,	O
tend	O
to	O
emphasize	O
the	O
eyes	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
mouth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar-looking	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
were	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
Byte	O
Information	O
Exchange	O
(	O
BIX	O
)	O
around	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whereas	O
Western	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
were	O
first	O
used	O
by	O
US	O
computer	O
scientists	O
,	O
kaomoji	O
were	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
by	O
young	O
girls	O
and	O
fans	O
of	O
Japanese	O
comics	O
(	O
manga	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
are	O
usually	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
format	O
similar	O
to	O
(*_*	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
asterisks	B-Language
indicate	O
the	O
eyes	O
;	O
the	O
central	O
character	O
,	O
commonly	O
an	O
underscore	O
,	O
the	O
mouth	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
parentheses	O
,	O
the	O
outline	O
of	O
the	O
face	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
emphasis	O
on	O
the	O
eyes	O
in	O
this	O
style	O
is	O
reflected	O
in	O
the	O
common	O
usage	O
of	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
that	O
use	O
only	O
the	O
eyes	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Looks	O
of	O
stress	O
are	O
represented	O
by	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
(	O
x_x	O
)	O
,	O
while	O
(-_-	O
;	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
generic	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
for	O
nervousness	O
,	O
the	O
semicolon	O
representing	O
an	O
anxiety-induced	O
sweat	O
drop	O
(	O
discussed	O
further	O
below	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
^^	O
,	O
^	B-Protocol
-	I-Protocol
^	I-Protocol
,	O
>.<	O
,	O
o_O	O
,	O
O.O	B-Protocol
,	O
e_e	O
,	O
or	O
e.e.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
quotation	O
mark	O
"	O
,	O
apostrophe	O
'	O
,	O
or	O
semicolon	O
;	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
to	O
imply	O
apprehension	O
or	O
embarrassment	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
that	O
a	O
sweat	O
drop	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
manga	O
and	O
anime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
IME	B-General_Concept
2000	O
(	O
Japanese	O
)	O
or	O
later	O
supports	O
the	O
input	O
of	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
like	O
the	O
above	O
by	O
enabling	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
IME	B-General_Concept
Spoken	O
Language/Emotion	O
Dictionary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
IME	B-General_Concept
2007	O
,	O
this	O
support	O
was	O
moved	O
to	O
the	O
Emoticons	B-Protocol
dictionary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
dictionaries	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
call	O
up	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
by	O
typing	O
words	O
that	O
represent	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Communication	O
software	O
allowing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Shift	O
JIS	O
encoded	O
characters	O
rather	O
than	O
just	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
allowed	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
more	O
kaomoji	O
using	O
the	O
extended	O
character	O
set	O
including	O
hiragana	O
,	O
katakana	O
,	O
kanji	O
,	O
symbols	O
,	O
Greek	O
and	O
Cyrillic	O
alphabet	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
,	O
( `Д´	O
)	O
or	O
( 益	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
communication	O
software	O
generally	O
utilizes	O
Unicode	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
for	O
the	O
incorporation	O
of	O
characters	O
from	O
other	O
languages	O
and	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
symbols	O
into	O
the	O
kaomoji	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
( ◕‿◕✿	O
)	O
(	O
❤	O
ω	B-Language
❤	O
)	O
( づ	O
◕‿◕	O
)	O
づ	O
( ▰˘◡˘▰	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
English-language	O
anime	O
forums	O
adopted	O
those	O
Japanese-style	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
standard	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
characters	I-Protocol
available	O
on	O
Western	O
keyboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
often	O
called	O
"	O
anime	O
style	O
"	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
in	O
English	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
have	O
since	O
seen	O
use	O
in	O
more	O
mainstream	O
venues	O
,	O
including	O
online	O
gaming	O
,	O
instant-messaging	O
,	O
and	O
non-anime-related	O
discussion	B-Application
forums	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoticons	B-Protocol
such	O
as	O
<( ^.^  ) >	O
,	O
<(^_^<	O
)	O
,	O
<	O
(	O
o_o	O
<	O
)	O
,	O
<	O
(	O
-	O
'	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
parentheses	O
are	O
sometimes	O
dropped	O
when	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
English	O
language	O
context	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
underscore	O
of	O
the	O
mouth	O
may	O
be	O
extended	O
as	O
an	O
intensifier	O
for	O
the	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
in	O
question	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
uses	O
the	O
Eastern	O
style	O
,	O
but	O
incorporates	O
a	O
depiction	O
of	O
the	O
Western	O
"	O
middle-finger	O
flick-off	O
"	O
using	O
a	O
"	O
t	O
"	O
as	O
the	O
arm	O
,	O
hand	O
,	O
and	O
finger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
a	O
lateral	O
click	O
for	O
the	O
nose	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
originate	O
from	O
the	O
Finnish	O
image-based	O
message	B-Application
board	I-Application
Ylilauta	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
called	O
a	O
"	O
Lenny	O
face	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
apparently	O
Western	O
invention	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
like	O
*,..,*	O
or	O
`	O
;..;	O
´	O
to	O
indicate	O
vampires	O
or	O
other	O
mythical	O
beasts	O
with	O
fangs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exposure	O
to	O
both	O
Western	O
and	O
Japanese	O
style	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
or	O
kaomoji	O
through	O
blogs	O
,	O
instant	O
messaging	O
,	O
and	O
forums	O
featuring	O
a	O
blend	O
of	O
Western	O
and	O
Japanese	O
pop	O
culture	O
has	O
given	O
rise	O
to	O
many	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
that	O
have	O
an	O
upright	O
viewing	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
parentheses	O
are	O
often	O
dropped	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
typically	O
only	O
use	O
alphanumeric	O
characters	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
English	O
punctuation	O
marks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoticons	B-Protocol
such	O
as	O
-O-	O
,	O
-3-	O
,	O
-w-	O
,	O
'	O
_	O
 '	O
,	O
;_;	O
,	O
T_T	O
,	O
:>	O
,	O
and	O
.V	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
are	O
used	O
to	O
convey	O
mixed	O
emotions	O
that	O
are	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
convey	O
with	O
traditional	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Characters	O
are	O
sometimes	O
added	O
to	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
to	O
convey	O
an	O
anime	O
-	O
or	O
manga-styled	O
sweat	O
drop	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
^_^	O
 '	O
,	O
!	O
>_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1	O
;;	O
,	O
;O	O
;	O
,	O
and	O
*	O
u*	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
equals	O
sign	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
closed	O
,	O
anime-looking	O
eyes	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
=	B-Protocol
0	I-Protocol
=	O
,	O
=3	O
=	O
,	O
=	O
w	O
=	O
,	O
=	O
A	O
=	O
,	O
and	O
=	O
7	O
=	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
uwu	O
face	O
(	O
and	O
its	O
variations	O
UwU	O
and	O
OwO	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
of	O
Japanese	O
origin	O
which	O
denotes	O
a	O
cute	O
expression	O
or	O
emotion	O
felt	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
more	O
recently	O
become	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
furry	O
fandom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Brazil	O
,	O
sometimes	O
combining	O
characters	O
(	O
accents	O
)	O
are	O
added	O
to	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
to	O
represent	O
eyebrows	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
ò_ó	O
,	O
ó_ò	O
,	O
õ_o	O
,	O
ù_u	O
,	O
o_Ô	O
,	O
or	O
(	O
•̀	O
ᴗ	O
•́	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	O
discussion	B-Application
board	I-Application
2channel	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
unique	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
using	O
characters	O
from	O
various	O
scripts	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Kannada	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
ಠ_ಠ	O
(	O
for	O
a	O
look	O
of	O
disapproval	O
,	O
disbelief	O
,	O
or	O
confusion	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
,	O
the	O
letter	O
ರೃ	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
to	O
represent	O
a	O
monocle	O
,	O
while	O
ಥ	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
represent	O
a	O
tearing	O
eye	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
use	O
Korean	O
Hangul	B-Operating_System
letters	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Western	O
style	O
is	O
rarely	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
structures	O
of	O
Korean	O
and	O
Japanese	B-Protocol
emoticons	I-Protocol
are	O
somewhat	O
similar	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
some	O
differences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
countless	O
number	O
of	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
that	O
can	O
be	O
formed	O
with	O
such	O
combinations	O
of	O
Korean	O
jamo	O
letters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sometimes	O
ㅡ	O
(	O
not	O
an	O
em-dash	O
"	O
—	O
"	O
but	O
a	O
vowel	O
jamo	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
comma	O
or	O
an	O
underscore	O
is	O
added	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
two	O
character	O
sets	O
can	O
be	O
mixed	O
together	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
ㅜ.ㅜ	O
,	O
ㅠ.ㅜ	O
,	O
ㅠ.ㅡ	O
,	O
ㅜ_ㅠ	O
,	O
ㅡ^ㅜ	O
and	O
ㅜㅇㅡ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
semicolons	O
and	O
carets	O
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
Korean	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
;	O
semicolons	O
mean	O
sweating	O
(	O
embarrassed	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
character	O
囧	B-Protocol
(	O
U+56E7	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
"	O
bright	O
"	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
combined	O
with	O
posture	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
Orz	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
囧rz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
character	O
existed	O
in	O
Oracle	O
bone	O
script	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
use	O
as	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
was	O
documented	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
January	O
20	O
,	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
ideographic	O
variants	O
for	O
囧	B-Protocol
include	O
崮	O
(	O
king	O
囧	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
莔	O
(	O
queen	O
囧	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
商	O
( 囧	O
with	O
hat	O
)	O
,	O
囧興	O
(	O
turtle	O
)	O
,	O
卣	O
(	O
Bomberman	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Orz	O
(	O
other	O
forms	O
include	O
:	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
representing	O
a	O
kneeling	O
or	O
bowing	O
person	O
(	O
the	O
Japanese	O
version	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
called	O
dogeza	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
"	O
o	B-Language
"	O
being	O
the	O
head	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
r	O
"	O
being	O
the	O
arms	O
and	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
z	O
"	O
being	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
body	O
and	O
the	O
legs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2005	O
,	O
Orz	O
spawned	O
a	O
subculture	O
:	O
blogs	O
have	O
been	O
devoted	O
to	O
the	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
URL	O
shortening	O
services	O
have	O
been	O
named	O
after	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
portmanteau	O
of	O
emotion	O
and	O
sound	O
,	O
an	O
emotisound	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
brief	O
sound	O
transmitted	O
and	O
played	O
back	O
during	O
the	O
viewing	O
of	O
a	O
message	O
,	O
typically	O
an	O
IM	O
message	O
or	O
e-mail	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sound	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
communicate	O
an	O
emotional	O
subtext	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
instant	O
messaging	O
clients	O
automatically	O
trigger	O
sound	O
effects	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
specific	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
services	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
MuzIcons	O
,	O
combine	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
and	O
music	O
player	O
in	O
an	O
Adobe	O
Flash-based	O
widget	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
the	O
Trillian	B-Protocol
chat	O
application	O
introduced	O
a	O
feature	O
called	O
"	O
emotiblips	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
Trillian	B-Protocol
users	O
to	O
stream	O
files	O
to	O
their	O
instant	O
message	O
recipients	O
"	O
as	O
the	O
voice	O
and	O
video	O
equivalent	O
of	O
an	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
emoticlips	O
were	O
twelve	O
short	O
snippets	O
of	O
dialogue	O
from	O
the	O
show	O
,	O
uploaded	O
to	O
YouTube	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
advertisers	O
hoped	O
would	O
be	O
distributed	O
between	O
web	O
users	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
expressing	O
feelings	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
manner	O
to	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
and	O
Java-based	O
application	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
short	O
animation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
videos	O
lack	O
an	O
established	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
several	O
ways	O
to	O
designate	O
them	O
:	O
"	O
emoticlips	O
"	O
(	O
named	O
above	O
)	O
,	O
"	O
emotivideos	O
"	O
or	O
more	O
recently	O
"	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
videos	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
video	O
compression	O
codecs	O
such	O
as	O
H.264	B-Application
allow	O
these	O
pieces	O
of	O
video	O
to	O
be	O
light	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
file	O
size	O
and	O
very	O
portable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popular	O
computer	O
and	O
mobile	O
app	O
Skype	B-Application
use	O
these	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
keyboard	O
or	O
by	O
typing	O
the	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
videos	O
"	O
between	O
parentheses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
patent	O
applications	O
have	O
been	O
filed	O
on	O
inventions	O
that	O
assist	O
in	O
communicating	O
with	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
US	O
6987991	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
discloses	O
a	O
method	O
developed	O
in	O
2001	O
to	O
send	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
over	O
a	O
cell	O
phone	O
using	O
a	O
drop-down	O
menu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
:	O
-	O
)	O
was	O
also	O
filed	O
in	O
2006	O
and	O
registered	O
in	O
2008	O
as	O
a	O
European	O
Community	O
Trademark	O
(	O
CTM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Finland	O
,	O
the	O
Supreme	O
Administrative	O
Court	O
ruled	O
in	O
2012	O
that	O
the	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
cannot	O
be	O
trademarked	O
,	O
thus	O
repealing	O
a	O
2006	O
administrative	O
decision	O
trademarking	O
the	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
:	O
-	O
)	O
,	O
=	O
)	O
,	O
=(	B-Protocol
,	O
:	O
)	O
and	O
:(	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
a	O
Russian	O
court	O
rejected	O
a	O
legal	O
claim	O
against	O
Siemens	O
by	O
a	O
man	O
who	O
claimed	O
to	O
hold	O
a	O
trademark	O
on	O
the	O
;	O
-	O
)	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
Russian	O
entrepreneur	O
Oleg	O
Teterin	O
claimed	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
granted	O
the	O
trademark	O
on	O
the	O
;	O
-	O
)	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
different	O
,	O
but	O
related	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
"	O
is	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Standard	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
which	O
display	O
facial	O
expressions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
explains	O
this	O
usage	O
with	O
reference	O
to	O
existing	O
systems	O
,	O
which	O
provided	O
functionality	O
for	O
substituting	O
certain	O
textual	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
with	O
images	O
or	O
emoji	B-Application
of	O
the	O
expressions	O
in	O
question	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Emoticons	B-Protocol
block	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
Unicode	O
Standard	O
version	O
6.0	O
(	O
published	O
in	O
October	O
2010	O
)	O
and	O
extended	O
by	O
7.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
that	O
block	O
had	O
been	O
filled	O
,	O
Unicode	O
8.0	O
(	O
2015	O
)	O
,	O
9.0	O
(	O
2016	O
)	O
and	O
10.0	O
(	O
2017	O
)	O
added	O
additional	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
in	O
the	O
range	O
from	O
U+1F910	O
to	O
U+1F9FF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
,	O
U+1F90CU+1F90F	O
,	O
U+1F93F	O
,	O
U+1F94DU+1F94F	O
,	O
U+1F96CU+1F97F	O
,	O
U+1F998U+1F9CF	O
(	O
excluding	O
U+1F9C0	O
which	O
contains	O
the	O
🧀	O
emoji	B-Application
)	O
and	O
U+1F9E7U+1F9FF	O
do	O
not	O
contain	O
any	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
since	O
Unicode	O
10.0	O
.	O
</s>
