<s>
An	O
emoji	B-Application
(	O
;	O
plural	O
emoji	B-Application
or	O
emojis	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
pictogram	B-Application
,	O
logogram	O
,	O
ideogram	O
or	O
smiley	O
embedded	O
in	O
text	O
and	O
used	O
in	O
electronic	O
messages	O
and	O
web	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
function	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
is	O
to	O
fill	O
in	O
emotional	O
cues	O
otherwise	O
missing	O
from	O
typed	O
conversation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
are	O
😂	O
,	O
😃	O
,	O
🧘🏻‍♂️	O
,	O
🌍	O
,	O
🌦️	O
,	O
🥖	O
,	O
🚗	O
,	O
📱	B-Application
,	O
🎉	O
,	O
❤	O
️	O
,	O
✅	O
,	O
and	O
🏁	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoji	B-Application
exist	O
in	O
various	O
genres	O
,	O
including	O
facial	O
expressions	O
,	O
common	O
objects	O
,	O
places	O
and	O
types	O
of	O
weather	O
,	O
and	O
animals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
much	O
like	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
,	O
except	O
emoji	B-Application
are	O
pictures	O
rather	O
than	O
typographic	O
approximations	O
;	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
emoji	B-Application
"	O
in	O
the	O
strict	O
sense	O
refers	O
to	O
such	O
pictures	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
represented	O
as	O
encoded	B-General_Concept
characters	I-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
sometimes	O
applied	O
to	O
messaging	B-Protocol
stickers	O
by	O
extension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
meaning	O
pictograph	B-Application
,	O
the	O
word	O
emoji	B-Application
comes	O
from	O
Japanese	O
+	O
;	O
the	O
resemblance	O
to	O
the	O
English	O
words	O
emotion	O
and	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
is	O
purely	O
coincidental	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISO	O
15924	O
script	O
code	O
for	O
emoji	B-Application
is	O
Zsye	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originating	O
on	O
Japanese	O
mobile	O
phones	O
in	O
1997	O
,	O
emoji	B-Application
became	O
increasingly	O
popular	O
worldwide	O
in	O
the	O
2010s	O
after	O
being	O
added	O
to	O
several	O
mobile	O
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Oxford	O
Dictionaries	O
named	O
the	O
Face	O
with	O
Tears	O
of	O
Joy	O
emoji	B-Application
( 😂	O
)	O
the	O
word	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
</s>
<s>
Mary	O
Kalantzis	O
and	O
Bill	O
Cope	O
point	O
out	O
that	O
similar	O
symbology	O
was	O
incorporated	O
by	O
Bruce	O
Parello	O
,	O
a	O
student	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
,	O
into	O
PLATO	B-Operating_System
IV	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
first	O
e-learning	O
system	O
,	O
in	O
1972	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PLATO	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
was	O
not	O
considered	O
mainstream	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
Parello	O
's	O
pictograms	B-Application
were	O
only	O
used	O
by	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scott	O
Fahlman	O
's	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
importantly	O
used	O
common	O
alphabet	O
symbols	O
,	O
and	O
aimed	O
to	O
replace	O
language/text	O
to	O
express	O
emotion	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
that	O
reason	O
are	O
seen	O
as	O
the	O
actual	O
origin	O
of	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
send	O
pictographs	B-Application
in	O
rich	O
text	O
messages	O
,	O
but	O
would	O
only	O
load	O
on	O
devices	O
with	O
the	O
Wingdings	O
font	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1997	O
,	O
J-Phone	O
launched	O
the	O
SkyWalker	O
DP-211SW	O
,	O
which	O
contained	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
90	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contained	O
the	O
Pile	O
of	O
Poo	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
particular	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
J-Phone	O
model	O
experienced	O
low	O
sales	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
set	O
was	O
thus	O
rarely	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
,	O
Shigetaka	O
Kurita	O
created	O
176	O
emoji	B-Application
as	O
part	O
of	O
NTT	O
DoCoMo	O
's	O
i-mode	O
,	O
used	O
on	O
its	O
mobile	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
their	O
influence	O
,	O
Kurita	O
's	O
designs	O
were	O
once	O
claimed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
cellular	O
emoji	B-Application
;	O
however	O
,	O
Kurita	O
has	O
denied	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
interviews	O
,	O
he	O
took	O
inspiration	O
from	O
Japanese	O
manga	O
where	O
characters	O
are	O
often	O
drawn	O
with	O
symbolic	O
representations	O
called	O
manpu	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
water	O
drop	O
on	O
a	O
face	O
representing	O
nervousness	O
or	O
confusion	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
weather	O
pictograms	B-Application
used	O
to	O
depict	O
the	O
weather	O
conditions	O
at	O
any	O
given	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
also	O
drew	O
inspiration	O
from	O
Chinese	O
characters	O
and	O
street	O
sign	O
pictograms	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kurita	O
's	O
emoji	B-Application
were	O
brightly	O
colored	O
,	O
albeit	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
color	O
per	O
glyph	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
General-use	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
sports	O
,	O
actions	O
and	O
weather	O
,	O
can	O
readily	O
be	O
traced	O
back	O
to	O
Kurita	O
's	O
emoji	B-Application
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notably	O
absent	O
from	O
the	O
set	O
were	O
pictograms	B-Application
that	O
demonstrated	O
emotion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
yellow-faced	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
current	O
use	O
evolved	O
from	O
other	O
emoticon	B-Protocol
sets	O
and	O
cannot	O
be	O
traced	O
back	O
to	O
Kurita	O
's	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Elsewhere	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
,	O
Nokia	O
phones	O
began	O
including	O
preset	O
pictograms	B-Application
in	O
its	O
text	O
messaging	B-Protocol
app	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
defined	O
as	O
"	O
smileys	O
and	O
symbols	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
third	O
notable	O
emoji	B-Application
set	O
was	O
introduced	O
by	O
Japanese	O
mobile	O
phone	O
brand	O
au	O
by	O
KDDI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
12-by-12-pixel	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
Japan	O
grew	O
in	O
popularity	O
across	O
various	O
platforms	O
over	O
the	O
next	O
decade	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
aided	O
by	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
DoCoMo	O
i-mode	O
,	O
which	O
for	O
many	O
was	O
the	O
origins	O
of	O
the	O
smartphone	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
i-mode	O
service	O
also	O
saw	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
conversation	O
form	O
on	O
messenger	B-Protocol
apps	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2004	O
,	O
i-mode	O
had	O
40	O
million	O
subscribers	O
,	O
exposing	O
numerous	O
people	O
to	O
emoji	B-Application
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
between	O
2000	O
and	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popularity	O
of	O
i-mode	O
led	O
to	O
other	O
manufacturers	O
offering	O
their	O
own	O
emoji	B-Application
sets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
emoji	B-Application
adoption	O
was	O
high	O
in	O
Japan	O
during	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
competitors	O
failed	O
to	O
collaborate	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
uniform	O
set	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
to	O
be	O
used	O
across	O
all	O
platforms	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Universal	O
Coded	B-General_Concept
Character	I-General_Concept
Set	I-General_Concept
(	O
Unicode	O
)	O
,	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Consortium	O
and	O
ISO/IEC	O
JTC	O
1/SC	O
2	O
,	O
had	O
already	O
been	O
established	O
as	O
the	O
international	O
standard	O
for	O
text	O
representation	O
(	O
ISO/IEC	O
10646	O
)	O
since	O
1993	O
,	O
although	O
variants	O
of	O
Shift	O
JIS	O
remained	O
relatively	O
common	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unicode	O
included	O
several	O
characters	O
which	O
would	O
subsequently	O
be	O
classified	O
as	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
including	O
some	O
from	O
North	O
American	O
or	O
Western	O
European	O
sources	O
such	O
as	O
DOS	O
code	O
page	O
437	O
,	O
ITC	O
Zapf	O
Dingbats	B-Protocol
or	O
the	O
WordPerfect	B-Application
Iconic	O
Symbols	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unicode	O
coverage	O
of	O
written	O
characters	O
was	O
extended	O
several	O
times	O
by	O
new	O
editions	O
during	O
the	O
2000s	O
,	O
with	O
little	O
interest	O
in	O
incorporating	O
the	O
Japanese	O
cellular	O
emoji	B-Application
sets	O
(	O
deemed	O
out	O
of	O
scope	O
)	O
,	O
although	O
symbol	O
characters	O
which	O
would	O
subsequently	O
be	O
classified	O
as	O
emoji	B-Application
continued	O
to	O
be	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
Unicode	O
4.0	O
contained	O
16	O
new	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
which	O
included	O
direction	O
arrows	O
,	O
a	O
warning	O
triangle	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
eject	O
button	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
Zapf	O
Dingbats	B-Protocol
,	O
other	O
dingbat	B-Protocol
fonts	I-Protocol
such	O
as	O
Wingdings	O
or	O
Webdings	O
also	O
included	O
additional	O
pictographic	B-Application
symbols	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
custom	O
pi	B-Protocol
font	I-Protocol
encodings	O
;	O
unlike	O
Zapf	O
Dingbats	B-Protocol
,	O
however	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
available	O
as	O
Unicode	O
emoji	B-Application
until	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
desktop	O
platform	O
was	O
aimed	O
at	O
allowing	O
people	O
to	O
insert	O
smileys	O
as	O
text	O
when	O
sending	O
emails	O
and	O
writing	O
on	O
a	O
desktop	B-Device
computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
smiley	O
toolbar	O
offered	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
symbols	O
and	O
smileys	O
and	O
was	O
used	O
on	O
platforms	O
such	O
as	O
MSN	B-Protocol
Messenger	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
,	O
then	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
global	O
telecom	O
companies	O
,	O
was	O
still	O
referring	O
to	O
today	O
's	O
emoji	B-Application
sets	O
as	O
smileys	O
in	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
created	O
a	O
smiley	O
toolbar	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
available	O
at	O
smileydictionary.com	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
to	O
be	O
sent	O
as	O
emoji	B-Application
are	O
today	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
providers	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Europe	O
began	O
discussions	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
introduce	O
their	O
own	O
emoji	B-Application
sets	O
from	O
2004	O
onwards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
companies	O
did	O
not	O
begin	O
to	O
take	O
emoji	B-Application
seriously	O
until	O
Google	B-Application
employees	O
requested	O
that	O
Unicode	O
look	O
into	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
a	O
uniform	O
emoji	B-Application
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
quickly	O
followed	O
and	O
began	O
to	O
collaborate	O
with	O
not	O
only	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
but	O
also	O
providers	O
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2007	O
,	O
Mark	O
Davis	O
and	O
his	O
colleagues	O
Kat	O
Momoi	O
and	O
Markus	O
Scherer	O
wrote	O
the	O
first	O
draft	O
for	O
consideration	O
by	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Technical	O
Committee	O
(	O
UTC	O
)	O
,	O
to	O
introduce	O
emoji	B-Application
into	O
the	O
Unicode	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
UTC	O
,	O
having	O
previously	O
deemed	O
emoji	B-Application
to	O
be	O
out	O
of	O
scope	O
for	O
Unicode	O
,	O
made	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
broaden	O
its	O
scope	O
to	O
enable	O
compatibility	O
with	O
the	O
Japanese	O
cellular	O
carrier	O
formats	O
which	O
were	O
becoming	O
more	O
widespread	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pending	O
the	O
assignment	O
of	O
standard	O
Unicode	O
code	O
points	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Apple	O
implemented	O
emoji	B-Application
support	O
via	O
Private	O
Use	O
Area	O
schemes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
first	O
introduced	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
Gmail	B-Application
in	O
October	O
2008	O
,	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
au	O
by	O
KDDI	O
,	O
and	O
Apple	O
introduced	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
Apple	B-Protocol
Color	I-Protocol
Emoji	I-Protocol
to	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
on	O
21	O
November	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
Apple	O
's	O
emoji	B-Application
support	O
was	O
implemented	O
for	O
holders	O
of	O
a	O
SoftBank	O
SIM	O
card	O
;	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
themselves	O
were	O
represented	O
using	O
SoftBank	O
's	O
Private	O
Use	O
Area	O
scheme	O
and	O
mostly	O
resembled	O
the	O
SoftBank	O
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
emoji	B-Application
used	O
their	O
own	O
Private	O
Use	O
Area	O
scheme	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
supplementary	O
Private	O
Use	O
plane	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
included	O
several	O
pictographic	B-Application
symbols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
were	O
added	O
in	O
Unicode	O
5.2	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
a	O
year	O
before	O
the	O
cellular	O
emoji	B-Application
sets	O
were	O
fully	O
added	O
;	O
they	O
include	O
several	O
characters	O
which	O
either	O
also	O
appeared	O
amongst	O
the	O
cellular	O
emoji	B-Application
or	O
were	O
subsequently	O
classified	O
as	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
iPhone	O
users	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
discovered	O
that	O
downloading	O
Japanese	O
apps	B-Application
allowed	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
keyboard	O
,	O
pressure	O
grew	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
keyboard	O
beyond	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Emoji	B-Application
application	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
which	O
altered	O
the	O
Settings	O
app	O
to	O
allow	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
keyboard	O
,	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
Josh	O
Gare	O
in	O
February	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
Gare	O
's	O
Emoji	B-Application
app	O
,	O
Apple	O
had	O
intended	O
for	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
keyboard	O
to	O
only	O
be	O
available	O
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
iOS	B-Application
version	O
2.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Throughout	O
2009	O
,	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Consortium	O
and	O
national	O
standardization	O
bodies	O
of	O
various	O
countries	O
gave	O
feedback	O
and	O
proposed	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
standardization	O
of	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
feedback	O
from	O
various	O
bodies	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
Europe	O
,	O
and	O
Japan	O
agreed	O
on	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
722	O
emoji	B-Application
as	O
the	O
standard	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
made	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
keyboard	O
available	O
to	O
those	O
outside	O
of	O
Japan	O
in	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
version	I-Operating_System
5.0	I-Operating_System
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
Unicode	O
7.0	O
(	O
June	O
2014	O
)	O
added	O
the	O
character	O
repertoires	O
of	O
the	O
Webdings	O
and	O
Wingdings	O
fonts	O
to	O
Unicode	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
approximately	O
250	O
more	O
Unicode	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Unicode	O
emoji	B-Application
whose	O
code	O
points	O
were	O
assigned	O
in	O
2014	O
or	O
earlier	O
are	O
therefore	O
taken	O
from	O
several	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
emoji	B-Application
characters	O
named	O
from	O
all	O
three	O
Japanese	O
carriers	O
were	O
in	O
turn	O
unified	O
with	O
the	O
ARIB	O
character	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Consortium	O
groups	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
sources	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
into	O
four	O
categories	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Source	O
categoryAbbreviationsUnicode	O
version	O
(	O
year	O
)	O
Included	O
sourcesExampleZapf	O
DingbatsZDings	O
,	O
z1.0	O
(	O
1991	O
)	O
ITC	O
Zapf	O
Dingbats	B-Protocol
Series	O
100❣️	O
(	O
U+2763	O
←	O
0xA3	O
)	O
ARIBARIB	O
,	O
a5.2	O
(	O
2008	O
)	O
ARIB	O
STD-B24	O
Volume	O
1	O
extended	O
Shift	O
JIS⛩️	O
(	O
U+26E9	O
←	O
0xEE4B	O
)	O
Japanese	O
carriersJCarrier	O
,	O
j6.0	O
(	O
2010	O
)	O
NTT	O
DoCoMo	O
mobile	O
Shift	O
JIS🎠	O
(	O
U+1F3A0	O
←	O
0xF8DA	O
)	O
au	O
by	O
KDDI	O
mobile	O
Shift	O
JIS📌	O
(	O
U+1F4CC	O
←	O
0xF78A	O
)	O
SoftBank	O
3G	O
mobile	O
Shift	O
JIS💒	O
(	O
U+1F492	O
←	O
0xFB7D	O
)	O
Wingdings	O
and	O
WebdingsWDings	O
,	O
w7.0	O
(	O
2014	O
)	O
Webdings🛳️	O
(	O
U+1F6F3	O
←	O
0x54	O
)	O
(	O
For	O
display	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
source	O
encodings	O
,	O
the	O
prefix	O
digits	O
denoting	O
the	O
specific	O
WDings	O
font	O
have	O
been	O
removed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
numbers	O
have	O
been	O
converted	O
to	O
hexadecimal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2014	O
,	O
a	O
Public	O
Review	O
Issue	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Technical	O
Committee	O
,	O
seeking	O
feedback	O
on	O
a	O
proposed	O
Unicode	O
Technical	O
Report	O
(	O
UTR	O
)	O
titled	O
"	O
Unicode	O
Emoji	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
improve	O
interoperability	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
between	O
vendors	O
,	O
and	O
define	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
supporting	O
multiple	O
skin	O
tones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
January	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
zero	O
width	O
joiner	O
to	O
indicate	O
that	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
could	O
be	O
shown	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
equivalent	O
glyph	B-Application
(	O
analogous	O
to	O
a	O
ligature	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
implementing	O
emoji	B-Application
without	O
atomic	O
code	O
points	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
varied	O
compositions	O
of	O
families	O
,	O
was	O
discussed	O
within	O
the	O
"	O
emoji	B-Application
ad-hoc	O
committee	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unicode	O
8.0	O
(	O
June	O
2015	O
)	O
added	O
another	O
41	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
including	O
articles	O
of	O
sports	O
equipment	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
cricket	O
bat	O
,	O
food	O
items	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
taco	O
,	O
new	O
facial	O
expressions	O
,	O
and	O
symbols	O
for	O
places	O
of	O
worship	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
five	O
characters	O
(	O
crab	O
,	O
scorpion	O
,	O
lion	B-Application
face	O
,	O
bow	O
and	O
arrow	O
,	O
amphora	O
)	O
to	O
improve	O
support	O
for	O
pictorial	O
rather	O
than	O
symbolic	O
representations	O
of	O
the	O
signs	O
of	O
the	O
Zodiac	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
June	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
approved	O
version	O
(	O
"	O
Emoji	B-Application
1.0	O
"	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Emoji	B-Application
report	O
was	O
published	O
as	O
Unicode	O
Technical	O
Report	O
#51	O
(	O
UTR	O
#51	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
introduced	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
skin	O
tone	O
indicators	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
official	O
recommendations	O
about	O
which	O
Unicode	O
characters	O
were	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
official	O
recommendations	O
about	O
which	O
characters	O
were	O
to	O
be	O
displayed	O
in	O
an	O
emoji	B-Application
font	O
in	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
variation	O
selector	O
,	O
and	O
listed	O
the	O
zero	O
width	O
joiner	O
sequences	O
for	O
families	O
and	O
couples	O
that	O
were	O
implemented	O
by	O
existing	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maintenance	O
of	O
UTR	O
#51	O
,	O
taking	O
emoji	B-Application
requests	O
,	O
and	O
creating	O
proposals	O
for	O
emoji	B-Application
characters	O
and	O
emoji	B-Application
mechanisms	O
was	O
made	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Emoji	B-Application
Subcommittee	O
(	O
ESC	O
)	O
,	O
operating	O
as	O
a	O
subcommittee	O
of	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Technical	O
Committee	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
there	O
were	O
2,666	O
Unicode	O
emoji	B-Application
listed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
version	O
of	O
UTS	O
#51	O
(	O
published	O
in	O
May	O
2018	O
)	O
skipped	O
to	O
the	O
version	O
number	O
Emoji	B-Application
11.0	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
synchronise	O
its	O
major	O
version	O
number	O
with	O
the	O
corresponding	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popularity	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
has	O
caused	O
pressure	O
from	O
vendors	O
and	O
international	O
markets	O
to	O
add	O
additional	O
designs	O
into	O
the	O
Unicode	O
standard	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
demands	O
of	O
different	O
cultures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
characters	O
now	O
defined	O
as	O
emoji	B-Application
are	O
inherited	O
from	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
pre-Unicode	O
messenger	B-Protocol
systems	O
not	O
only	O
used	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
including	O
Yahoo	B-Application
and	O
MSN	B-Protocol
Messenger	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Corporate	O
demand	O
for	O
emoji	B-Application
standardization	O
has	O
placed	O
pressures	O
on	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Consortium	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
members	O
complaining	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
overtaken	O
the	O
group	O
's	O
traditional	O
focus	O
on	O
standardizing	O
characters	O
used	O
for	O
minority	O
languages	O
and	O
transcribing	O
historical	O
records	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Conversely	O
,	O
the	O
Consortium	O
recognises	O
that	O
public	O
desire	O
for	O
emoji	B-Application
support	O
has	O
put	O
pressure	O
on	O
vendors	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
Unicode	O
support	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
especially	O
true	O
for	O
characters	O
outside	O
the	O
Basic	O
Multilingual	O
Plane	O
,	O
thus	O
leading	O
to	O
better	O
support	O
for	O
Unicode	O
's	O
historic	O
and	O
minority	O
scripts	O
in	O
deployed	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oxford	O
noted	O
that	O
2015	O
had	O
seen	O
a	O
sizable	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
word	O
"	O
emoji	B-Application
"	O
and	O
recognized	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
popular	O
culture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
's	O
not	O
surprising	O
that	O
a	O
pictographic	B-Application
script	I-Application
like	O
emoji	B-Application
has	O
stepped	O
in	O
to	O
fill	O
those	O
it	O
's	O
flexible	O
,	O
immediate	O
,	O
and	O
infuses	O
tone	O
beautifully.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
SwiftKey	B-Device
found	O
that	O
"	O
Face	O
with	O
Tears	O
of	O
Joy	O
"	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
emoji	B-Application
across	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
American	O
Dialect	O
Society	O
declared	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
"	O
Most	O
Notable	O
Emoji	B-Application
"	O
of	O
2015	O
in	O
their	O
Word	O
of	O
the	O
Year	O
vote	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
emoji	B-Application
are	O
specific	O
to	O
Japanese	O
culture	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
bowing	O
businessman	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
shoshinsha	O
mark	O
used	O
to	O
indicate	O
a	O
beginner	O
driver	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
white	O
flower	O
(	O
)	O
used	O
to	O
denote	O
"	O
brilliant	O
homework	O
"	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
representing	O
popular	O
foods	O
:	O
ramen	O
noodles	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
dango	B-Application
(	O
)	O
,	O
onigiri	B-Protocol
(	O
)	O
,	O
curry	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
sushi	B-Application
(	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unicode	O
Consortium	O
founder	O
Mark	O
Davis	O
compared	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
to	O
a	O
developing	O
language	O
,	O
particularly	O
mentioning	O
the	O
American	O
use	O
of	O
eggplant	B-Application
(	O
)	O
to	O
represent	O
a	O
phallus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
linguists	O
have	O
classified	O
emoji	B-Application
and	O
emoticons	B-Protocol
as	O
discourse	O
markers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2015	O
a	O
sentiment	O
analysis	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
was	O
published	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Emoji	B-Application
Sentiment	O
Ranking	O
1.0	O
was	O
provided	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
musical	O
about	O
emoji	B-Application
premiered	O
in	O
Los	O
Angeles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
computer-animated	O
The	O
Emoji	B-Application
Movie	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
summer	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2017	O
,	O
in	O
what	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
large-scale	O
study	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
usage	O
,	O
researchers	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Michigan	O
analyzed	O
over	O
1.2	O
billion	O
messages	O
input	O
via	O
the	O
Kika	O
Emoji	B-Application
Keyboard	O
and	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Face	O
With	O
Tears	O
of	O
Joy	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Heart	O
and	O
the	O
Heart	B-Application
eyes	I-Application
emoji	I-Application
stood	O
second	O
and	O
third	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
study	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
French	O
use	O
heart	O
emoji	B-Application
the	O
most	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
People	O
in	O
countries	O
like	O
Australia	O
,	O
France	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Czech	O
Republic	O
used	O
more	O
happy	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
while	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
so	O
for	O
people	O
in	O
Mexico	O
,	O
Colombia	O
,	O
Chile	O
,	O
and	O
Argentina	O
,	O
where	O
people	O
used	O
more	O
negative	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
cultural	O
hubs	O
known	O
for	O
restraint	O
and	O
self-discipline	O
,	O
like	O
Turkey	O
,	O
France	O
and	O
Russia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
has	O
been	O
discussion	O
among	O
legal	O
experts	O
on	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
emoji	B-Application
could	O
be	O
admissible	O
as	O
evidence	O
in	O
court	O
trials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
as	O
emoji	B-Application
continue	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
grow	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
language	O
"	O
of	O
symbols	O
,	O
there	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
"	O
dialects	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoji	B-Application
are	O
being	O
used	O
as	O
more	O
than	O
just	O
to	O
show	O
reactions	O
and	O
emotions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Snapchat	B-Application
has	O
even	O
incorporated	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
its	O
trophy	O
and	O
friends	O
system	O
with	O
each	O
emoji	B-Application
showing	O
a	O
complex	O
meaning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emojis	B-Application
can	O
also	O
convey	O
different	O
meanings	O
based	O
on	O
syntax	O
and	O
inversion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
'	O
fairy	O
comments	O
 '	O
involve	O
heart	O
,	O
star	O
,	O
and	O
fairy	O
emojis	B-Application
placed	O
between	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
a	O
sentence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
MIT	O
Media	O
Lab	O
published	O
DeepMoji	O
,	O
a	O
deep	O
neural	O
network	O
sentiment	O
analysis	O
algorithm	O
that	O
was	O
trained	O
on	O
1.2	O
billion	O
emoji	B-Application
occurrences	O
in	O
Twitter	B-Application
data	O
from	O
2013	O
to	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DeepMoji	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
outperform	O
human	O
subjects	O
in	O
correctly	O
identifying	O
sarcasm	O
in	O
Tweets	B-Application
and	O
other	O
online	O
modes	O
of	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
5	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
drop	O
of	O
blood	O
(	O
)	O
emoji	B-Application
was	O
released	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
help	O
break	O
the	O
stigma	O
of	O
menstruation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
mosquito	B-Algorithm
(	O
)	O
emoji	B-Application
was	O
added	O
in	O
2018	O
to	O
raise	O
awareness	O
for	O
diseases	O
spread	O
by	O
the	O
insect	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
dengue	O
and	O
malaria	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linguistically	O
,	O
emoji	B-Application
are	O
used	O
to	O
indicate	O
emotional	O
state	O
,	O
they	O
tend	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
more	O
in	O
positive	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
researchers	O
believe	O
emoji	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
visual	O
rhetoric	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoji	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
set	O
emotional	O
tone	O
in	O
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoji	B-Application
tend	O
not	O
to	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
meaning	O
but	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
paralanguage	O
adding	O
meaning	O
to	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoji	B-Application
can	O
add	O
clarity	O
and	O
credibility	O
to	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sociolinguistically	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
differ	O
depending	O
on	O
speaker	O
and	O
setting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Women	O
use	O
emoji	B-Application
more	O
than	O
men	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Men	O
use	O
a	O
wider	O
variety	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Women	O
are	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
use	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
public	O
communication	O
than	O
private	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extraversion	O
and	O
agreeableness	O
are	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
emoji	B-Application
use	O
,	O
neuroticism	O
is	O
negative	O
correlated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoji	B-Application
use	O
differ	O
between	O
cultures	O
:	O
studies	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
Hofstede	O
's	O
cultural	O
dimensions	O
theory	O
found	O
that	O
cultures	O
with	O
high	O
power	O
distance	O
and	O
tolerance	O
to	O
indulgence	O
used	O
more	O
negative	O
emojis	B-Application
,	O
while	O
those	O
with	O
high	O
uncertainty	O
avoidance	O
,	O
individualism	O
,	O
and	O
long-term	O
orientation	O
use	O
more	O
positive	O
emojis	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Research	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
emoji	B-Application
are	O
often	O
misunderstood	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
this	O
misunderstanding	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
how	O
the	O
actual	O
emoji	B-Application
design	O
is	O
interpreted	O
by	O
the	O
viewer	O
;	O
in	O
other	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
that	O
was	O
sent	O
is	O
not	O
shown	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
on	O
the	O
receiving	O
side	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
issue	O
relates	O
to	O
the	O
cultural	O
or	O
contextual	O
interpretation	O
of	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
author	O
picks	O
an	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
they	O
think	O
about	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
certain	O
way	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
same	O
character	O
may	O
not	O
trigger	O
the	O
same	O
thoughts	O
in	O
the	O
mind	O
of	O
the	O
receiver	O
(	O
see	O
also	O
Models	O
of	O
communication	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
people	O
in	O
China	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
system	O
for	O
using	O
emoji	B-Application
subversively	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
a	O
smiley	O
face	O
could	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
convey	O
a	O
despising	O
,	O
mocking	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
obnoxious	O
attitude	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
orbicularis	O
oculi	O
(	O
the	O
muscle	O
near	O
that	O
upper	O
eye	O
corner	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
does	O
not	O
move	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
orbicularis	O
oris	O
(	O
the	O
one	O
near	O
the	O
mouth	O
)	O
tightens	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
sign	O
of	O
suppressing	O
a	O
smile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
an	O
author	O
of	O
a	O
message	O
picks	O
an	O
emoji	B-Application
from	O
a	O
list	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
normally	O
encoded	O
in	O
a	O
non-graphical	O
manner	O
during	O
the	O
transmission	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
the	O
author	O
and	O
the	O
reader	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
the	O
same	O
software	O
or	O
operating	O
system	O
for	O
their	O
devices	O
,	O
the	O
reader	O
's	O
device	O
may	O
visualize	O
the	O
same	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
a	O
different	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
British	O
actress	O
and	O
presenter	O
Jameela	O
Jamil	O
posted	O
a	O
tweet	O
from	O
her	O
iPhone	O
using	O
the	O
Face	O
with	O
Hand	O
Over	O
Mouth	O
emoji	B-Application
( 🤭	O
)	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
comment	O
on	O
people	O
shopping	O
for	O
food	O
during	O
the	O
COVID-19	O
pandemic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Apple	O
's	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
expression	O
is	O
neutral	O
and	O
pensive	O
,	O
but	O
on	O
other	O
platforms	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
shows	O
as	O
a	O
giggling	O
face	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Researchers	O
from	O
German	O
Studies	O
Institute	O
at	O
Ruhr-Universität	O
Bochum	O
found	O
that	O
most	O
people	O
can	O
easily	O
understand	O
an	O
emoji	B-Application
when	O
it	O
replaces	O
a	O
word	O
directly	O
–	O
like	O
an	O
icon	O
for	O
a	O
rose	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
word	O
'	O
rose	O
 '	O
–	O
yet	O
it	O
takes	O
people	O
about	O
50	O
percent	O
longer	O
to	O
comprehend	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoji	B-Application
characters	O
vary	O
slightly	O
between	O
platforms	O
within	O
the	O
limits	O
in	O
meaning	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
Unicode	O
specification	O
,	O
as	O
companies	O
have	O
tried	O
to	O
provide	O
artistic	O
presentations	O
of	O
ideas	O
and	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
following	O
an	O
Apple	O
tradition	O
,	O
the	O
calendar	O
emoji	B-Application
on	O
Apple	O
products	O
always	O
shows	O
July	O
17	O
,	O
the	O
date	O
in	O
2002	O
Apple	O
announced	O
its	O
iCal	B-Language
calendar	O
application	O
for	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
some	O
Apple	O
product	O
users	O
to	O
initially	O
nickname	O
July	O
17	O
"	O
World	O
Emoji	B-Application
Day	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
emoji	B-Application
fonts	O
show	O
different	O
dates	O
or	O
do	O
not	O
show	O
a	O
specific	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
Apple	O
emoji	B-Application
are	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
SoftBank	O
standard	O
,	O
since	O
SoftBank	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
Japanese	O
network	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
iPhone	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Journalists	O
have	O
noted	O
that	O
the	O
ambiguity	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
has	O
allowed	O
them	O
to	O
take	O
on	O
culture-specific	O
meanings	O
not	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
glyphs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unicode	O
manuals	O
sometimes	O
provide	O
notes	O
on	O
auxiliary	O
meanings	O
of	O
an	O
object	O
to	O
guide	O
designers	O
on	O
how	O
emoji	B-Application
may	O
be	O
used	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
noting	O
that	O
some	O
users	O
may	O
expect	O
to	O
stand	O
for	O
"	O
a	O
reserved	O
or	O
ticketed	O
seat	O
,	O
as	O
for	O
an	O
airplane	O
,	O
train	O
,	O
or	O
theater	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
emoji	B-Application
have	O
been	O
involved	O
in	O
controversy	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
perceived	O
meanings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
arrests	O
and	O
imprisonments	O
have	O
followed	O
usage	O
of	O
pistol	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
knife	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
bomb	O
(	O
)	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
ways	O
that	O
authorities	O
deemed	O
credible	O
threats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
lead-up	O
to	O
the	O
2016	O
Summer	O
Olympics	O
,	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Consortium	O
considered	O
proposals	O
to	O
add	O
several	O
Olympic-related	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
including	O
medals	O
and	O
events	O
such	O
as	O
handball	B-Application
and	O
water	O
polo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
October	O
2015	O
,	O
these	O
candidate	O
emoji	B-Application
included	O
"	O
rifle	O
"	O
(	O
)	O
and	O
"	O
modern	O
pentathlon	O
"	O
(	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
2016	O
,	O
Apple	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
opposed	O
these	O
two	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
characters	O
were	O
added	O
without	O
emoji	B-Application
presentations	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
software	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
render	O
them	O
in	O
black-and-white	O
rather	O
than	O
color	O
,	O
and	O
emoji-specific	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
onscreen	O
keyboards	O
will	O
generally	O
not	O
include	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
original	O
incarnations	O
of	O
the	O
modern	O
pentathlon	O
emoji	B-Application
depicted	O
its	O
five	O
events	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
man	O
pointing	O
a	O
gun	O
,	O
the	O
final	O
glyph	B-Application
contains	O
a	O
person	O
riding	O
a	O
horse	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
laser	O
pistol	O
target	O
in	O
the	O
corner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
1	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
that	O
in	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
pistol	O
emoji	B-Application
(	O
)	O
would	O
be	O
changed	O
from	O
a	O
realistic	O
revolver	O
to	O
a	O
water	O
pistol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Conversely	O
,	O
the	O
following	O
day	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
pushed	O
out	O
an	O
update	O
to	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
that	O
changed	O
its	O
longstanding	O
depiction	O
of	O
the	O
pistol	O
emoji	B-Application
as	O
a	O
toy	O
ray-gun	O
to	O
a	O
real	O
revolver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
change	O
was	O
made	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
glyph	B-Application
more	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
industry-standard	O
designs	O
and	O
customer	O
expectations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2018	O
,	O
most	O
major	O
platforms	O
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
Samsung	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Twitter	B-Application
had	O
transitioned	O
their	O
rendering	O
of	O
the	O
pistol	O
emoji	B-Application
to	O
match	O
Apple	O
's	O
water	O
gun	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Insider	O
Rob	O
Price	O
said	O
it	O
created	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
"	O
serious	O
miscommunication	O
across	O
different	O
platforms	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
asked	O
"	O
What	O
if	O
a	O
joke	O
sent	O
from	O
an	O
Apple	O
user	O
to	O
a	O
Google	B-Application
user	O
is	O
misconstrued	O
because	O
of	O
differences	O
in	O
rendering	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Or	O
if	O
a	O
genuine	O
threat	O
sent	O
by	O
a	O
Google	B-Application
user	O
to	O
an	O
Apple	O
user	O
goes	O
unreported	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
taken	O
as	O
a	O
joke	O
?	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
eggplant	B-Application
(	O
aubergine	O
)	O
emoji	B-Application
(	O
)	O
has	O
also	O
seen	O
controversy	O
due	O
to	O
it	O
being	O
used	O
to	O
represent	O
a	O
penis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
in	O
December	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
hashtag	O
began	O
to	O
rise	O
to	O
popularity	O
on	O
Instagram	B-Application
for	O
use	O
in	O
marking	O
photos	O
featuring	O
clothed	O
or	O
unclothed	O
penises	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
became	O
such	O
a	O
popular	O
trend	O
that	O
,	O
beginning	O
in	O
April	O
2015	O
,	O
Instagram	B-Application
disabled	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
tag	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
other	O
eggplant-containing	O
hashtags	O
,	O
including	O
simply	O
and	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
peach	B-Algorithm
emoji	B-Application
(	O
)	O
has	O
likewise	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
euphemistic	O
icon	O
for	O
buttocks	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
2016	O
Emojipedia	O
analysis	O
revealing	O
that	O
only	O
seven	O
percent	O
of	O
English	O
language	O
tweets	B-Application
with	O
the	O
peach	B-Algorithm
emoji	B-Application
refer	O
to	O
the	O
actual	O
fruit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Apple	O
attempted	O
to	O
redesign	O
the	O
emoji	B-Application
to	O
less	O
resemble	O
buttocks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2017	O
,	O
a	O
lawyer	O
in	O
Delhi	O
,	O
India	O
,	O
threatened	O
to	O
file	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
WhatsApp	B-Application
for	O
allowing	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
middle	O
finger	O
emoji	B-Application
(	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
is	O
"	O
directly	O
abetting	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
offensive	O
,	O
lewd	O
,	O
obscene	O
gesture	O
"	O
in	O
violation	O
of	O
the	O
Indian	O
Penal	O
Code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
,	O
often	O
incompatible	O
,	O
character	B-General_Concept
encoding	I-General_Concept
schemes	I-General_Concept
were	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
different	O
mobile	O
providers	O
in	O
Japan	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
emoji	B-Application
sets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
three	O
vendors	O
also	O
developed	O
schemes	O
for	O
encoding	O
their	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
the	O
Unicode	O
Private	O
Use	O
Area	O
:	O
DoCoMo	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
range	O
U+E63E	O
through	O
U+E757	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
of	O
iOS	B-Application
prior	O
to	O
5.1	O
encoded	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
the	O
SoftBank	O
private	O
use	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
all	O
,	O
emoji	B-Application
are	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
Supplementary	O
Multilingual	O
Plane	O
(	O
SMP	O
)	O
of	O
Unicode	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
ancient	O
scripts	O
,	O
some	O
modern	O
scripts	O
such	O
as	O
Adlam	O
or	O
Osage	O
,	O
and	O
special-use	O
characters	O
such	O
as	O
Mathematical	O
Alphanumeric	O
Symbols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
systems	O
introduced	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
Unicode	O
emoji	B-Application
were	O
only	O
designed	O
to	O
support	O
characters	O
in	O
the	O
Basic	O
Multilingual	O
Plane	O
(	O
BMP	O
)	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
assumption	O
that	O
non-BMP	O
characters	O
would	O
rarely	O
be	O
encountered	O
,	O
although	O
failure	O
to	O
properly	O
handle	O
characters	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
BMP	O
precludes	O
Unicode	O
compliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
introduction	O
of	O
Unicode	O
emoji	B-Application
created	O
an	O
incentive	O
for	O
vendors	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
support	O
for	O
non-BMP	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Unicode	O
Consortium	O
notes	O
that	O
"[b]ecause	O
of	O
the	O
demand	O
for	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
many	O
implementations	O
have	O
upgraded	O
their	O
Unicode	O
support	O
substantially	O
"	O
,	O
also	O
helping	O
support	O
for	O
minority	O
languages	O
that	O
use	O
those	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
operating	O
system	O
that	O
supports	O
adding	O
additional	O
fonts	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
can	O
add	O
an	O
emoji-supporting	O
font	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
inclusion	O
of	O
colorful	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
existing	O
font	O
formats	O
requires	O
dedicated	O
support	O
for	O
color	O
glyphs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
all	O
operating	O
systems	O
have	O
support	O
for	O
color	O
fonts	O
,	O
so	O
in	O
these	O
cases	O
emoji	B-Application
might	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
rendered	O
as	O
black-and-white	O
line	O
art	O
or	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
four	O
different	O
formats	O
used	O
for	O
multi-color	O
glyphs	B-Application
in	O
an	O
SFNT	O
font	O
,	O
not	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
necessarily	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
given	O
operating	O
system	O
library	O
or	O
software	O
package	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
web	O
browser	O
or	O
graphical	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
first	O
introduced	O
emoji	B-Application
to	O
their	O
desktop	O
operating	O
system	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
OS	B-Application
X	I-Application
10.7	I-Application
Lion	I-Application
,	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
view	O
emoji	B-Application
characters	O
sent	O
through	O
email	O
and	O
messaging	B-Protocol
applications	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
commonly	O
shared	O
by	O
mobile	O
users	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
any	O
other	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
create	O
emoji	B-Application
symbols	O
using	O
the	O
"	O
Characters	O
"	O
special	O
input	O
panel	O
from	O
almost	O
any	O
native	O
application	O
by	O
selecting	O
the	O
"	O
Edit	O
"	O
menu	O
and	O
pulling	O
down	O
to	O
"	O
Special	O
Characters	O
"	O
,	O
or	O
by	O
the	O
key	O
combination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
emoji	B-Application
keyboard	O
was	O
first	O
available	O
in	O
Japan	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
version	I-Operating_System
2.2	I-Operating_System
in	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
emoji	B-Application
keyboard	O
was	O
not	O
officially	O
made	O
available	O
outside	O
of	O
Japan	O
until	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
version	I-Operating_System
5.0	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
2.2	I-Operating_System
through	O
to	O
iOS	B-Application
4.3.5	O
(	O
2011	O
)	O
,	O
those	O
outside	O
Japan	O
could	O
access	O
the	O
keyboard	O
but	O
had	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
third-party	O
app	O
to	O
enable	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
has	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
"	O
face	O
with	O
tears	O
of	O
joy	O
"	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
emoji	B-Application
among	O
English-speaking	O
Americans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
second	O
place	O
is	O
the	O
"	O
heart	O
"	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
"	O
Loudly	O
Crying	O
Face	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
update	O
for	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
and	O
Windows	O
Server	O
2008	O
R2	O
brought	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
monochrome	O
Unicode	O
set	O
to	O
those	O
operating	O
systems	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Segoe	O
UI	O
Symbol	O
font	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
8.1	I-Device
Preview	O
,	O
the	O
Segoe	O
UI	O
Emoji	B-Application
font	O
is	O
included	O
,	O
which	O
supplies	O
full-color	O
pictographs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
plain	O
Segoe	O
UI	O
font	O
lacks	O
emoji	B-Application
characters	O
,	O
whereas	O
Segoe	O
UI	O
Symbol	O
and	O
Segoe	O
UI	O
Emoji	B-Application
include	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emoji	B-Application
characters	O
are	O
accessed	O
through	O
the	O
onscreen	O
keyboard	O
's	O
key	O
,	O
or	O
through	O
the	O
physical	O
keyboard	O
shortcut	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
Twitter	B-Application
replace	O
all	O
Unicode	O
emoji	B-Application
used	O
on	O
their	O
websites	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
custom	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
October	O
2017	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
had	O
different	O
sets	O
for	O
the	O
main	O
site	O
and	O
for	O
its	O
Messenger	B-Protocol
service	O
,	O
where	O
only	O
the	O
former	O
provides	O
complete	O
coverage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Messenger	B-Protocol
now	O
uses	O
Apple	O
emoji	B-Application
on	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
main	O
Facebook	B-Application
set	O
elsewhere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
reactions	O
are	O
only	O
partially	O
compatible	O
with	O
standard	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unicode	O
defines	O
variation	O
sequences	O
for	O
many	O
of	O
its	O
emoji	B-Application
to	O
indicate	O
their	O
desired	O
presentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifying	O
the	O
desired	O
presentation	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
base	O
emoji	B-Application
with	O
either	O
U+FE0E	O
VARIATION	O
SELECTOR-15	O
(	O
VS15	O
)	O
for	O
text	O
or	O
U+FE0F	O
VARIATION	O
SELECTOR-16	O
(	O
VS16	O
)	O
for	O
emoji-style	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Five	O
symbol	O
modifier	O
characters	O
were	O
added	O
with	O
Unicode	O
8.0	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
skin	O
tones	O
for	O
human	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
modifiers	O
are	O
called	O
EMOJI	B-Application
MODIFIER	O
FITZPATRICK	O
TYPE-1-2	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
U+1F3FB	O
–	O
U+1F3FF	O
)	O
:	O
🏻	O
🏼	O
🏽	O
🏾	O
🏿	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Human	O
emoji	B-Application
that	O
are	O
not	O
followed	O
by	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
five	O
modifiers	O
should	O
be	O
displayed	O
in	O
a	O
generic	O
,	O
non-realistic	O
skin	O
tone	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
bright	O
yellow	O
( ■	O
)	O
,	O
blue	O
( ■	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
gray	O
( ■	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Non-human	O
emoji	B-Application
(	O
like	O
)	O
are	O
unaffected	O
by	O
the	O
Fitzpatrick	O
modifiers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Fitzpatrick	O
modifiers	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
131	O
human	O
emoji	B-Application
spread	O
across	O
seven	O
blocks	O
:	O
Dingbats	B-Protocol
,	O
Emoticons	B-Protocol
,	O
Miscellaneous	O
Symbols	O
,	O
Miscellaneous	B-Protocol
Symbols	I-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
Pictographs	I-Protocol
,	O
Supplemental	B-Protocol
Symbols	I-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
Pictographs	I-Protocol
,	O
Symbols	B-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
Pictographs	I-Protocol
Extended-A	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Transport	O
and	O
Map	O
Symbols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
table	O
shows	O
both	O
the	O
Unicode	O
characters	O
and	O
the	O
open-source	O
"	O
Twemoji	O
"	O
images	O
,	O
designed	O
by	O
Twitter	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
Implementations	O
may	O
use	O
a	O
zero-width	O
joiner	O
(	O
ZWJ	O
)	O
between	O
multiple	O
emoji	B-Application
to	O
make	O
them	O
behave	O
like	O
a	O
single	O
,	O
unique	O
emoji	B-Application
character	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
sequence	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
( 👨‍👩‍👧	O
)	O
could	O
be	O
displayed	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
emoji	B-Application
depicting	O
a	O
family	O
with	O
a	O
man	O
,	O
a	O
woman	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
girl	O
if	O
the	O
implementation	O
supports	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Systems	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
it	O
would	O
ignore	O
the	O
ZWJs	O
,	O
displaying	O
only	O
the	O
three	O
base	O
emoji	B-Application
in	O
order	O
( 👨👩👧	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unicode	O
previously	O
maintained	O
a	O
catalog	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
ZWJ	O
sequences	O
that	O
were	O
supported	O
on	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
commonly	O
available	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
clusters	O
that	O
emoji	B-Application
fonts	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
include	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ZWJ	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
implement	O
platform	O
specific	O
emojis	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
2016	O
Microsoft	O
released	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
Ninja	O
Cat	O
emojis	B-Application
for	O
their	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
Anniversary	O
Update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ninja	O
Cat	O
and	O
variants	O
were	O
removed	O
in	O
late	O
2021	O
's	O
Fluent	O
emoji	B-Application
redesign	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unicode	O
represents	O
emoji	B-Application
using	O
1,424	O
characters	O
spread	O
across	O
24	O
blocks	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
26	O
are	O
Regional	B-Protocol
indicator	I-Protocol
symbols	I-Protocol
that	O
combine	O
in	O
pairs	O
to	O
form	O
flag	B-Protocol
emoji	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
12	O
( #	O
,	O
*	O
and	O
0	O
–	O
9	O
)	O
are	O
base	O
characters	O
for	O
keycap	B-Device
emoji	B-Application
sequences	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
637	O
of	O
the	O
768	O
code	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
Miscellaneous	B-Protocol
Symbols	I-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
Pictographs	I-Protocol
block	O
are	O
considered	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
242	O
of	O
the	O
256	O
code	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
Supplemental	B-Protocol
Symbols	I-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
Pictographs	I-Protocol
block	O
are	O
considered	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
the	O
107	O
code	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
Symbols	B-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
Pictographs	I-Protocol
Extended-A	I-Protocol
block	O
are	O
considered	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
the	O
80	O
code	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
Emoticons	B-Protocol
block	O
are	O
considered	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
105	O
of	O
the	O
118	O
code	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
Transport	O
and	O
Map	O
Symbols	O
block	O
are	O
considered	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
83	O
of	O
the	O
256	O
code	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
Miscellaneous	O
Symbols	O
block	O
are	O
considered	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
33	O
of	O
the	O
192	O
code	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
Dingbats	B-Protocol
block	O
are	O
considered	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
emoji	B-Application
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
Unicode	O
blocks	O
:	O
Arrows	O
(	O
8	O
code	O
points	O
considered	O
emoji	B-Application
)	O
,	O
Basic	O
Latin	O
(	O
12	O
)	O
,	O
CJK	O
Symbols	O
and	O
Punctuation	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
,	O
Enclosed	O
Alphanumeric	O
Supplement	O
(	O
41	O
)	O
,	O
Enclosed	O
Alphanumerics	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
,	O
Enclosed	O
CJK	O
Letters	O
and	O
Months	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
,	O
Enclosed	O
Ideographic	O
Supplement	O
(	O
15	O
)	O
,	O
General	O
Punctuation	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
,	O
Geometric	O
Shapes	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
,	O
Geometric	O
Shapes	O
Extended	O
(	O
13	O
)	O
,	O
Latin-1	O
Supplement	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
,	O
Letterlike	O
Symbols	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
,	O
Mahjong	O
Tiles	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
,	O
Miscellaneous	O
Symbols	O
and	O
Arrows	O
(	O
7	O
)	O
,	O
Miscellaneous	O
Technical	O
(	O
18	O
)	O
,	O
Playing	O
Cards	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Supplemental	O
Arrows-B	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
vendors	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
Samsung	O
and	O
HTC	B-Application
,	O
add	O
emoji	B-Application
presentation	O
to	O
some	O
other	O
existing	O
Unicode	O
characters	O
or	O
coin	O
their	O
own	O
ZWJ	O
sequences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
displays	O
all	O
Mahjong	O
tiles	O
(	O
U+1F000‥2B	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
)	O
and	O
alternative	O
card	O
suits	O
(	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
)	O
as	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
only	O
is	O
officially	O
an	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
Samsung	O
add	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
directions	O
as	O
well	O
(	O
,	O
,	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
vendors	O
pair	O
the	O
standard	O
checked	O
ballot	O
box	O
emoji	B-Application
with	O
its	O
crossed	O
variant	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
Samsung	O
also	O
has	O
the	O
empty	O
ballot	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	O
almost	O
completely	O
covers	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
Miscellaneous	O
Symbols	O
block	O
(	O
U+2600‥FF	O
)	O
as	O
emoji	B-Application
,	O
which	O
includes	O
Chess	O
pieces	O
,	O
game	O
die	O
faces	O
,	O
some	O
traffic	O
sign	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
genealogical	O
and	O
astronomical	O
symbols	O
for	O
instance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HTC	B-Application
supports	O
most	O
additional	O
pictographs	B-Application
from	O
the	O
Miscellaneous	B-Protocol
Symbols	I-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
Pictographs	I-Protocol
(	O
U+1F300‥5FF	O
)	O
and	O
Transport	O
and	O
Map	O
Symbols	O
(	O
U+1F680‥FF	O
)	O
blocks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
also	O
shown	O
as	O
emoji	B-Application
on	O
Samsung	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
2009	O
film	O
Moon	O
featured	O
a	O
robot	O
named	O
GERTY	O
who	O
communicates	O
using	O
a	O
neutral-toned	O
synthesized	O
voice	O
together	O
with	O
a	O
screen	O
showing	O
emoji	B-Application
representing	O
the	O
corresponding	O
emotional	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
Library	O
of	O
Congress	O
acquired	O
an	O
emoji	B-Application
version	O
of	O
Herman	O
Melville	O
's	O
Moby	O
Dick	O
created	O
by	O
Fred	O
Benenson	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
musical	O
called	O
Emojiland	B-Protocol
premiered	O
at	O
Rockwell	O
Table	O
&	O
Stage	O
in	O
Los	O
Angeles	O
in	O
May	O
2016	O
,	O
after	O
selected	O
songs	O
were	O
presented	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
venue	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
Museum	O
of	O
Modern	O
Art	O
acquired	O
the	O
original	O
collection	O
of	O
emoji	B-Application
distributed	O
by	O
NTT	O
DoCoMo	O
in	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
emoji-themed	O
convention	O
,	O
Emojicon	B-Application
,	O
was	O
held	O
in	O
San	O
Francisco	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
episode	O
of	O
the	O
fifth	O
season	O
of	O
Samurai	O
Jack	O
featured	O
alien	O
characters	O
who	O
communicate	O
in	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
Doctor	O
Who	O
episode	O
"	O
Smile	O
"	O
featured	O
nanobots	O
called	O
Vardy	O
,	O
which	O
communicate	O
through	O
robotic	O
avatars	O
that	O
use	O
emoji	B-Application
(	O
without	O
any	O
accompanying	O
speech	O
output	O
)	O
and	O
are	O
sometimes	O
referred	O
to	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
travelers	O
as	O
"	O
Emojibots	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
28	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
Sony	O
Pictures	O
Animation	O
released	O
The	O
Emoji	B-Application
Movie	O
,	O
a	O
3D	O
computer	O
animated	O
movie	O
featuring	O
the	O
voices	O
of	O
Patrick	O
Stewart	O
,	O
Christina	O
Aguilera	O
,	O
Sofía	O
Vergara	O
,	O
Anna	O
Faris	O
,	O
T	O
.	O
J	O
.	O
Miller	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
notable	O
actors	O
and	O
comedians	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
3	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
Drake	O
released	O
his	O
sixth	O
studio	O
album	O
,	O
Certified	O
Lover	O
Boy	O
with	O
album	O
cover	O
art	O
featuring	O
twelve	O
emoji	B-Application
of	O
pregnant	O
women	O
in	O
varying	O
clothing	O
colors	O
,	O
hair	O
colors	O
and	O
skin	O
tones	O
.	O
</s>
