<s>
An	O
electronic	B-Device
visual	I-Device
display	I-Device
,	O
informally	O
a	O
screen	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
display	B-Device
device	I-Device
for	O
presentation	O
of	O
images	O
,	O
text	O
,	O
or	O
video	O
transmitted	O
electronically	O
,	O
without	O
producing	O
a	O
permanent	O
record	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronic	B-Device
visual	I-Device
displays	I-Device
include	O
television	O
sets	O
,	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
,	O
and	O
digital	O
signage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
above	O
definition	O
,	O
an	O
overhead	O
projector	O
(	O
along	O
with	O
screen	O
onto	O
which	O
the	O
text	O
,	O
images	O
,	O
or	O
video	O
is	O
projected	O
)	O
could	O
reasonably	O
be	O
considered	O
an	O
electronic	B-Device
visual	I-Device
display	I-Device
since	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
display	B-Device
device	I-Device
for	O
the	O
presentation	O
of	O
an	O
images	O
,	O
plain	O
text	O
,	O
or	O
video	O
transmitted	O
electronically	O
without	O
producing	O
a	O
permanent	O
record	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
also	O
ubiquitous	O
in	O
mobile	O
computing	O
applications	O
like	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
and	O
information	B-Device
appliances	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
mid-2000s	O
through	O
to	O
the	O
early	O
2020s	O
,	O
flat-panel	B-General_Concept
displays	I-General_Concept
dominated	O
the	O
industry	O
,	O
as	O
cathode-ray	B-Device
tubes	I-Device
(	O
CRT	O
)	O
were	O
phased	O
out	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
computer	O
applications	O
,	O
and	O
curved	O
panels	O
were	O
not	O
yet	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
CRTs	O
were	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
microLED	B-General_Concept
displays	O
are	O
under	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronic	B-Device
visual	I-Device
displays	I-Device
present	O
visual	O
information	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
electrical	O
input	O
signal	O
(	O
analog	O
or	O
digital	O
)	O
either	O
by	O
emitting	O
light	O
(	O
then	O
they	O
are	O
called	O
active	O
displays	O
)	O
or	O
,	O
alternatively	O
,	O
by	O
modulating	O
available	O
light	O
during	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
reflection	O
or	O
transmission	O
(	O
light	O
modulators	O
are	O
called	O
passive	O
displays	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronic	B-Device
visual	I-Device
displays	I-Device
can	O
be	O
observed	O
directly	O
(	O
direct	O
view	O
display	O
)	O
or	O
the	O
displayed	O
information	O
can	O
be	O
projected	O
to	O
a	O
screen	O
(	O
transmissive	O
or	O
reflective	O
screen	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
transflective	B-General_Concept
LCD	I-General_Concept
)	O
retinal	B-General_Concept
projection	I-General_Concept
(	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
combiner	O
)	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Depending	O
on	O
the	O
shape	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
arrangement	O
of	O
the	O
picture	O
elements	O
of	O
a	O
display	O
,	O
either	O
fixed	O
information	O
can	O
be	O
displayed	O
(	O
symbols	O
,	O
signs	O
)	O
,	O
simple	O
numerals	O
(	O
7-segment	B-General_Concept
layout	O
)	O
or	O
arbitrary	O
shapes	O
can	O
be	O
formed	O
(	O
dot-matrix	B-General_Concept
displays	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
sub-pixel	O
of	O
a	O
display	B-Device
device	I-Device
must	O
be	O
selected	O
(	O
addressed	O
)	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
be	O
energized	O
in	O
a	O
controlled	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
monocrystalline	O
silicon	O
passive	B-Device
matrix	I-Device
addressingthe	O
nonlinearity	O
of	O
the	O
display	O
effect	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
LCD	B-Device
,	O
LED	O
)	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
realize	O
the	O
addressing	O
of	O
individual	O
pixels	O
in	O
multiplex	O
addressing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
(	O
STN	O
-	O
)	O
LCDs	B-Device
this	O
maximum	O
is	O
at	O
~	O
240	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
the	O
expense	O
of	O
a	O
considerable	O
reduction	O
of	O
contrast.The	O
matrix	O
of	O
active	O
electronic	O
elements	O
can	O
used	O
in	O
transmissive	O
mode	O
of	O
operation	O
(	O
high	O
transmittance	O
required	O
)	O
or	O
a	O
non-transparent	O
active	B-General_Concept
matrix	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
reflective	O
LCDs	B-Device
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
LCD	B-Device
field	O
effects	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
μW	O
for	O
LCDs	B-Device
without	O
backlight	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
