<s>
Electronic	B-Algorithm
packaging	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
production	O
of	O
enclosures	O
for	O
electronic	O
devices	O
ranging	O
from	O
individual	O
semiconductor	O
devices	O
up	O
to	O
complete	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
computer	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Packaging	B-Algorithm
of	O
an	O
electronic	O
system	O
must	O
consider	O
protection	O
from	O
mechanical	O
damage	O
,	O
cooling	O
,	O
radio	O
frequency	O
noise	O
emission	O
and	O
electrostatic	O
discharge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mass-market	O
consumer	O
devices	O
may	O
have	O
highly	O
specialized	O
packaging	B-Algorithm
to	O
increase	O
consumer	O
appeal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronic	B-Algorithm
packaging	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
major	O
discipline	O
within	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
mechanical	O
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronic	B-Algorithm
packaging	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
organized	O
by	O
levels	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Level	O
1	O
-	O
Component	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
semiconductor	B-Algorithm
package	I-Algorithm
design	O
and	O
the	O
packaging	B-Algorithm
of	O
other	O
discrete	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Packaging	B-Algorithm
for	O
aerospace	O
,	O
marine	O
,	O
or	O
military	O
systems	O
imposes	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
design	O
criteria	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronic	B-Algorithm
packaging	I-Algorithm
relies	O
on	O
mechanical	O
engineering	O
principles	O
such	O
as	O
dynamics	O
,	O
stress	O
analysis	O
,	O
heat	O
transfer	O
and	O
fluid	O
mechanics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
electronic	O
products	O
,	O
electronic	B-Algorithm
packaging	I-Algorithm
engineers	O
perform	O
analyses	O
to	O
estimate	O
such	O
things	O
as	O
maximum	O
temperatures	O
for	O
components	O
,	O
structural	O
resonant	O
frequencies	O
,	O
and	O
dynamic	O
stresses	O
and	O
deflections	O
under	O
worst-case	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
designer	O
must	O
balance	O
many	O
objectives	O
and	O
practical	O
considerations	O
when	O
selecting	O
packaging	B-Algorithm
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Punched	O
and	O
formed	O
sheet	O
metal	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
oldest	O
types	O
of	O
electronic	B-Algorithm
packaging	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronic	B-Algorithm
packages	I-Algorithm
are	O
sometimes	O
made	O
by	O
machining	O
solid	O
blocks	O
of	O
metal	O
,	O
usually	O
aluminum	O
,	O
into	O
complex	O
shapes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hermetic	O
metal	O
packaging	B-Algorithm
began	O
life	O
in	O
the	O
vacuum	O
tube	O
industry	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
totally	O
leak-proof	O
housing	O
was	O
essential	O
to	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
type	O
of	O
packaging	B-Algorithm
can	O
also	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
main	O
types	O
:	O
multilayer	O
ceramic	O
packages	O
(	O
like	O
LTCC	B-Algorithm
and	O
HTCC	B-Algorithm
)	O
and	O
pressed	O
ceramic	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
makes	O
them	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
universe	O
of	O
electronic	B-Algorithm
packaging	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
