<s>
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
volunteer	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
project	O
that	O
searches	O
for	O
signals	O
from	O
spinning	O
neutron	O
stars	O
in	O
data	O
from	O
gravitational-wave	O
detectors	O
,	O
from	O
large	O
radio	O
telescopes	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
a	O
gamma-ray	O
telescope	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Neutron	O
stars	O
are	O
detected	O
by	O
their	O
pulsed	O
radio	O
and	O
gamma-ray	O
emission	O
as	O
radio	O
and/or	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
searches	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
LIGO	O
gravitational-wave	O
detectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
no	O
such	O
signal	O
has	O
yet	O
been	O
detected	O
,	O
the	O
upper	O
limits	O
set	O
by	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
analyses	O
provide	O
astrophysical	O
constraints	O
on	O
the	O
Galactic	O
population	O
of	O
spinning	O
neutron	O
stars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
also	O
searches	O
radio	O
telescope	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Arecibo	O
Observatory	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
analyzed	O
data	O
from	O
Parkes	O
Observatory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
12	O
August	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
discovery	O
by	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
of	O
a	O
previously	O
undetected	O
radio	O
pulsar	B-Application
J2007+2722	O
,	O
found	O
in	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Arecibo	O
Observatory	O
,	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
Science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
data-based	O
discovery	O
by	O
a	O
volunteer	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
July	O
2022	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
had	O
discovered	O
55	O
radio	O
pulsars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
also	O
analyses	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Fermi	O
Gamma-ray	O
Space	O
Telescope	O
to	O
discover	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
26	O
November	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
results	O
of	O
the	O
Fermi	O
data	O
analysis	O
was	O
published	O
:	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
four	O
young	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsars	B-Application
in	O
LAT	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
July	O
2022	O
,	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
has	O
discovered	O
39	O
previously	O
unknown	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsars	B-Application
in	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Large	O
Area	O
Telescope	O
on	O
board	O
the	O
Fermi	O
Gamma-ray	O
Space	O
Telescope	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
search	O
makes	O
use	O
of	O
novel	O
and	O
more	O
efficient	O
data-analysis	O
methods	O
and	O
discovered	O
pulsars	B-Application
missed	O
in	O
other	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
runs	O
on	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
Infrastructure	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Network	I-Operating_System
Computing	I-Operating_System
(	O
BOINC	B-Operating_System
)	O
software	O
platform	O
and	O
uses	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
released	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
,	O
version	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
is	O
hosted	O
by	O
the	O
Max	O
Planck	O
Institute	O
for	O
Gravitational	O
Physics	O
(	O
Albert	O
Einstein	O
Institute	O
,	O
Hannover	O
,	O
Germany	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Wisconsin	O
–	O
Milwaukee	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
project	O
director	O
is	O
Bruce	O
Allen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
uses	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
volunteer	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
in	O
solving	O
the	O
computationally	O
intensive	O
problem	O
of	O
analyzing	O
a	O
large	O
volume	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
an	O
approach	O
was	O
pioneered	O
by	O
the	O
SETI	B-Application
@home	I-Application
project	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
signs	O
of	O
extraterrestrial	O
life	O
by	O
analyzing	O
radio	O
wave	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
runs	O
through	O
the	O
same	O
software	O
platform	O
as	O
SETI	B-Application
@home	I-Application
,	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
Infrastructure	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Network	I-Operating_System
Computing	I-Operating_System
(	O
BOINC	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
July	O
2022	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
487,000	O
volunteers	O
in	O
226	O
countries	O
had	O
participated	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
third-most-popular	O
active	O
BOINC	B-Operating_System
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
regularly	O
contribute	O
about	O
12.7	O
petaFLOPS	O
of	O
computational	O
power	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
rank	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
among	O
the	O
top	O
45	O
on	O
the	O
TOP500	B-Operating_System
list	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
supercomputers	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
project	O
was	O
originally	O
created	O
to	O
perform	O
all-sky	O
searches	O
for	O
previously	O
unknown	O
continuous	O
gravitational-wave	O
(	O
CW	O
)	O
sources	O
using	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Laser	O
Interferometer	O
Gravitational-Wave	O
Observatory	O
(	O
LIGO	O
)	O
detector	O
instruments	O
in	O
Washington	O
and	O
Louisiana	O
,	O
USA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
best	O
understood	O
potential	O
CW	O
sources	O
are	O
rapidly	O
spinning	O
neutron	O
stars	O
(	O
including	O
pulsars	B-Application
)	O
which	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
emit	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
deviation	O
from	O
Rotational	O
symmetry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
March	O
2009	O
,	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
computing	O
power	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
data	O
taken	O
by	O
the	O
PALFA	O
Consortium	O
at	O
the	O
Arecibo	O
Observatory	O
in	O
Puerto	O
Rico	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
search	O
effort	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
find	O
radio	O
pulsars	B-Application
in	O
tight	O
binary	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
expected	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
one	O
radio	O
pulsar	B-Application
detectable	O
from	O
Earth	O
in	O
an	O
orbital	O
system	O
with	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
one	O
hour	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
radio	O
pulsar	B-Application
search	O
employs	O
mathematical	O
methods	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
July	O
2011	O
,	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
is	O
also	O
analyzing	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Large	O
Area	O
Telescope	O
(	O
LAT	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
primary	O
instrument	O
on	O
Fermi	O
Gamma-ray	O
Space	O
Telescope	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
pulsed	O
gamma-ray	O
emission	O
from	O
spinning	O
neutron	O
stars	O
(	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsars	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Identifying	O
the	O
neutron	O
star	O
's	O
rotation	O
rate	O
is	O
computationally	O
difficult	O
,	O
because	O
for	O
a	O
typical	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsar	B-Application
only	O
thousands	O
of	O
gamma-ray	O
photons	O
will	O
be	O
detected	O
by	O
the	O
LAT	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
billions	O
of	O
rotations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
LAT	O
data	O
makes	O
use	O
of	O
methods	O
initially	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
continuous	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
has	O
carried	O
out	O
many	O
analysis	O
runs	O
using	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
LIGO	O
instruments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
search	O
algorithms	O
have	O
also	O
improved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
all	O
matched-filtering	O
results	O
were	O
returned	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
from	O
different	O
segments	O
were	O
then	O
combined	O
in	O
a	O
"	O
post-processing	O
step	O
"	O
on	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
servers	O
via	O
a	O
coincidence	O
scheme	O
to	O
further	O
enhance	O
search	O
sensitivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Results	O
were	O
published	O
on	O
the	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
webpages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
search	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
scientific	O
publication	O
of	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
in	O
Physical	O
Review	O
D	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
gained	O
considerable	O
attention	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
volunteer	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
community	O
when	O
an	O
optimized	O
application	O
for	O
the	O
S4	O
data	O
set	O
analysis	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
released	O
in	O
March	O
2006	O
by	O
project	O
volunteer	O
Akos	O
Fekete	O
,	O
a	O
Hungarian	O
programmer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fekete	O
improved	O
the	O
official	O
S4	O
application	O
and	O
introduced	O
SSE	B-General_Concept
,	O
3DNow	B-General_Concept
!	I-General_Concept
</s>
<s>
and	O
SSE3	B-General_Concept
optimizations	O
into	O
the	O
code	O
improving	O
performance	O
by	O
up	O
to	O
800%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fekete	O
was	O
recognized	O
for	O
his	O
efforts	O
and	O
was	O
afterward	O
officially	O
involved	O
with	O
the	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
team	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
S5	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
late	O
July	O
2006	O
,	O
this	O
new	O
official	O
application	O
had	O
become	O
widely	O
distributed	O
among	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
LIGO	O
S5	O
data	O
set	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
instruments	O
initially	O
reached	O
their	O
design	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
began	O
on	O
15	O
June	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
analysis	O
run	O
(	O
code	O
name	O
"	O
S5R1	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
employing	O
the	O
search	O
methodology	O
as	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
,	O
was	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
S4	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
search	O
of	O
LIGO	O
S5	O
data	O
(	O
code	O
name	O
"	O
S5R3	O
"	O
)	O
constituted	O
a	O
further	O
major	O
improvement	O
regarding	O
search	O
sensitivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
opposed	O
to	O
previous	O
searches	O
,	O
the	O
ensuing	O
results	O
were	O
already	O
combined	O
on	O
the	O
volunteers	O
 '	O
computers	O
via	O
a	O
Hough	B-Algorithm
transform	I-Algorithm
technique	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
7	O
May	O
2010	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
search	O
(	O
code	O
name	O
"	O
S5GC1	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
a	O
significantly	O
improved	O
search	O
method	O
,	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Results	O
from	O
an	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
all-sky	O
search	O
for	O
continuous	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
in	O
LIGO	O
S5	O
data	O
were	O
published	O
on	O
13	O
February	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Overall	O
,	O
the	O
search	O
was	O
3	O
times	O
as	O
sensitive	O
as	O
previous	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
searches	O
in	O
LIGO	O
S5	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
search	O
for	O
high-frequency	O
(	O
1249	O
Hertz	O
to	O
1499	O
Hertz	O
)	O
continuous	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
in	O
LIGO	O
S5	O
data	O
by	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
,	O
published	O
on	O
26	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
such	O
search	O
in	O
LIGO	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
from	O
LIGO	O
6th	O
science	O
run	O
(	O
S6	O
)	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
results	O
were	O
published	O
on	O
18	O
November	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
conducted	O
a	O
directed	O
search	O
for	O
continuous	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
from	O
the	O
central	O
object	O
in	O
the	O
supernova	O
remnant	O
Cassiopeia	O
A	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
these	O
new	O
methods	O
were	O
employed	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
all-sky	O
search	O
for	O
continuous	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
in	O
Advanced	O
LIGO	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
observing	O
run	O
(	O
O1	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
published	O
on	O
8	O
December	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
study	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
optimally	O
use	O
the	O
limited	O
computing	O
power	O
for	O
directed	O
searches	O
(	O
where	O
prior	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
target	O
object	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
sky	O
position	O
is	O
available	O
)	O
was	O
published	O
on	O
31	O
January	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
results	O
from	O
the	O
directed	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
search	O
for	O
continuous	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
from	O
the	O
central	O
objects	O
of	O
the	O
supernova	O
remnants	O
Vela	O
Jr.	O
,	O
Cassiopeia	O
A	O
,	O
and	O
G347.3	O
was	O
published	O
on	O
29	O
July	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
follow-up	O
of	O
the	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
search	O
for	O
continuous	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
from	O
the	O
central	O
objects	O
of	O
the	O
supernova	O
remnants	O
Vela	O
Jr.	O
,	O
Cassiopeia	O
A	O
,	O
and	O
G347.3	O
was	O
published	O
on	O
29	O
June	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
8	O
March	O
2021	O
results	O
from	O
an	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
all-sky	O
search	O
for	O
continuous	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
in	O
LIGO	O
O2	O
data	O
were	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Results	O
from	O
a	O
dedicated	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
search	O
for	O
continuous	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
from	O
the	O
central	O
object	O
of	O
the	O
supernova	O
remnant	O
G347.3	O
was	O
published	O
on	O
5	O
August	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
24	O
March	O
2009	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
project	O
was	O
beginning	O
to	O
analyze	O
data	O
received	O
by	O
the	O
PALFA	O
Consortium	O
at	O
the	O
Arecibo	O
Observatory	O
in	O
Puerto	O
Rico	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
26	O
November	O
2009	O
,	O
a	O
CUDA-optimized	O
application	O
for	O
the	O
Arecibo	O
Binary	O
Pulsar	B-Application
Search	O
was	O
first	O
detailed	O
on	O
official	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
webpages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
12	O
August	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
project	O
announced	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
disrupted	O
binary	O
pulsar	B-Application
,	O
PSR	O
J2007+2722	O
;	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
fastest-spinning	O
such	O
pulsar	B-Application
discovered	O
to	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
computers	O
of	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
volunteers	O
Chris	O
and	O
Helen	O
Colvin	O
and	O
Daniel	O
Gebhardt	O
observed	O
PSR	O
2007+2722	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
statistical	O
significance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
1	O
March	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
project	O
announced	O
their	O
second	O
discovery	O
:	O
a	O
binary	O
pulsar	B-Application
system	O
PSR	O
J1952+2630	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
computers	O
of	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
volunteers	O
from	O
Russia	O
and	O
the	O
UK	O
observed	O
PSR	O
J1952+2630	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
statistical	O
significance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
22	O
July	O
2013	O
,	O
an	O
Android	O
application	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
radio	O
pulsar	B-Application
search	O
was	O
announced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
20	O
August	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
24	O
pulsars	B-Application
in	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Parks	O
Multi-beam	O
Pulsar	B-Application
Survey	O
was	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
re-analysis	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
found	O
these	O
pulsars	B-Application
,	O
which	O
were	O
missed	O
by	O
previous	O
analyses	O
and	O
re-analyses	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Six	O
of	O
the	O
discovered	O
pulsars	B-Application
are	O
in	O
binary	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timing	O
analysis	O
of	O
13	O
radio	O
pulsars	B-Application
discovered	O
by	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
were	O
published	O
by	O
the	O
PALFA	O
Consortium	O
in	O
August	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
1	O
July	O
2011	O
the	O
project	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
application	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
pulsars	B-Application
in	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Large	O
Area	O
Telescope	O
on	O
board	O
the	O
Fermi	O
Gamma-ray	O
Space	O
Telescope	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
26	O
November	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
four	O
young	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsars	B-Application
in	O
LAT	O
data	O
by	O
the	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
project	O
was	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
four	O
pulsars	B-Application
are	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
plane	O
of	O
our	O
Galaxy	O
and	O
have	O
spin	O
frequencies	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
10	O
Hertz	O
and	O
characteristic	O
ages	O
between	O
35,000	O
and	O
56,000	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
radio	O
waves	O
were	O
detected	O
from	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
pulsars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
discovery	O
of	O
the	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsar	B-Application
PSR	O
J1906+0722	O
was	O
published	O
on	O
4	O
August	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
discovery	O
confirmed	O
the	O
pulsar	B-Application
nature	O
of	O
the	O
object	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
suspected	O
since	O
2012	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
energy	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
gamma-ray	O
photons	O
observed	O
by	O
the	O
LAT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pulsar	B-Application
is	O
young	O
and	O
energetic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2009	O
it	O
suffered	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
glitches	O
observed	O
from	O
a	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsar	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
16	O
November	O
2016	O
the	O
discovery	O
and	O
timing	O
measurements	O
of	O
PSR	O
J1208−6238	O
,	O
the	O
youngest	O
known	O
radio-quiet	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsar	B-Application
,	O
were	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
though	O
the	O
inferred	O
age	O
is	O
2,700	O
years	O
,	O
no	O
associated	O
supernova	O
remnant	O
or	O
pulsar	B-Application
wind	O
nebula	O
could	O
be	O
identified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
11	O
January	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
results	O
from	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
118	O
unidentified	O
pulsar-like	O
sources	O
from	O
the	O
Fermi-LAT	O
Catalog	O
were	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
total	O
of	O
13	O
new	O
pulsars	B-Application
were	O
found	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
paper	O
reports	O
faint	O
radio	O
pulsations	O
from	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
13	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsars	B-Application
,	O
and	O
presents	O
modeling	O
of	O
the	O
gamma-ray	O
and	O
radio	O
pulse	O
profiles	O
with	O
different	O
geometric	O
emission	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
discovery	O
of	O
two	O
millisecond	O
pulsars	B-Application
discovered	O
by	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
through	O
their	O
pulsed	O
gamma	O
radiation	O
was	O
published	O
on	O
28	O
February	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
other	O
discovery	O
PSR	O
J1744−7619	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
radio-quiet	O
millisecond	O
pulsar	B-Application
ever	O
discovered	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
also	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
searching	O
for	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsars	B-Application
in	O
binary	O
systems	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
find	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
additional	O
orbital	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
discovery	O
of	O
a	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsar	B-Application
in	O
a	O
binary	O
system	O
was	O
published	O
on	O
22	O
October	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
discovery	O
was	O
made	O
using	O
a	O
GPU-accelerated	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
modified	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsar	B-Application
search	O
code	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
binary	O
orbital	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
search	O
for	O
gravitational	O
waves	O
from	O
the	O
pulsar	B-Application
discovered	O
no	O
such	O
emission	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pulsar	B-Application
is	O
from	O
a	O
class	O
known	O
as	O
black	O
widow	O
pulsars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pulsar	B-Application
evaporates	O
its	O
companion	O
with	O
its	O
energetic	O
radiation	O
and	O
a	O
particle	O
wind	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
second	O
discovery	O
of	O
a	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsar	B-Application
in	O
an	O
unusual	O
binary	O
system	O
was	O
reported	O
on	O
2	O
February	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
“	O
redback	O
”	O
millisecond	O
pulsar	B-Application
system	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
pulsations	O
from	O
the	O
neutron	O
star	O
had	O
been	O
observed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Optical	O
observations	O
of	O
the	O
pulsar	B-Application
companion	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
constrain	O
the	O
orbital	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
thus	O
targeted	O
search	O
for	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsations	O
with	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
found	O
a	O
low-mass	O
pulsar	B-Application
spinning	O
at	O
377	O
Hertz	O
in	O
a	O
5.5	O
hour	O
orbit	O
with	O
a	O
companion	O
of	O
about	O
a	O
fifth	O
of	O
a	O
solar	O
mass	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
might	O
be	O
linked	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
mass	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
companion	O
caused	O
by	O
its	O
magnetic	O
activity	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
would	O
affect	O
the	O
pulsar	B-Application
orbit	O
through	O
the	O
changing	O
external	O
gravitational	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
discovery	O
of	O
14	O
previously	O
unknown	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsars	B-Application
in	O
Fermi-LAT	O
data	O
was	O
announced	O
by	O
the	O
project	O
on	O
15	O
June	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
July	O
2022	O
,	O
the	O
Einstein	B-Operating_System
@Home	I-Operating_System
project	O
had	O
discovered	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
39	O
gamma-ray	O
pulsars	B-Application
in	O
Fermi	O
LAT	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
