<s>
EPCC	B-Device
,	O
formerly	O
the	O
Edinburgh	B-Device
Parallel	I-Device
Computing	I-Device
Centre	I-Device
,	O
is	O
a	O
supercomputing	B-Architecture
centre	O
based	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Edinburgh	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
University	O
has	O
supported	O
high	B-Architecture
performance	I-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
(	O
HPC	O
)	O
services	O
since	O
1982	O
.	O
,	O
through	O
EPCC	B-Device
,	O
it	O
supports	O
the	O
UK	O
's	O
national	O
high-end	O
computing	O
system	O
,	O
ARCHER	O
(	O
Advanced	O
Research	O
Computing	O
High	O
End	O
Resource	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
UK	O
Research	O
Data	O
Facility	O
(	O
UK-RDF	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPCC	B-Device
's	O
activities	O
include	O
:	O
consultation	O
and	O
software	O
development	O
for	O
industry	O
and	O
academia	O
;	O
research	O
into	O
high-performance	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
;	O
hosting	O
advanced	O
computing	O
facilities	O
and	O
supporting	O
their	O
users	O
;	O
training	O
and	O
education	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Centre	O
offers	O
two	O
Masters	O
programmes	O
:	O
MSc	O
in	O
High-Performance	B-Architecture
Computing	I-Architecture
and	O
MSc	O
in	O
High-Performance	B-Architecture
Computing	I-Architecture
with	O
Data	O
Science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
half	O
of	O
EPCC	B-Device
's	O
annual	O
turnover	O
comes	O
from	O
collaborative	O
projects	O
with	O
industry	O
and	O
commerce	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
privately	O
funded	O
projects	O
with	O
businesses	O
,	O
EPCC	B-Device
receives	O
funding	O
from	O
Scottish	O
Enterprise	O
,	O
the	O
Engineering	O
and	O
Physical	O
Sciences	O
Research	O
Council	O
and	O
the	O
European	O
Commission	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPCC	B-Device
was	O
established	O
in	O
1990	O
,	O
following	O
on	O
from	O
the	O
earlier	O
Edinburgh	B-Device
Concurrent	I-Device
Supercomputer	I-Device
Project	I-Device
and	O
chaired	O
by	O
Jeffery	O
Collins	O
from	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
2002	O
to	O
2016	O
EPCC	B-Device
was	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
's	O
School	O
of	O
Physics	O
&	O
Astronomy	O
,	O
becoming	O
an	O
independent	O
Centre	O
of	O
Excellence	O
within	O
the	O
University	O
's	O
College	O
of	O
Science	O
and	O
Engineering	O
in	O
August	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
extensively	O
involved	O
in	O
all	O
aspects	O
of	O
Grid	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
including	O
:	O
developing	O
Grid	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
and	O
architecture	B-Architecture
tools	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
uptake	O
of	O
e-Science	O
;	O
developing	O
business	O
applications	O
and	O
collaborating	O
in	O
scientific	O
applications	O
and	O
demonstration	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPCC	B-Device
and	O
NeSC	O
were	O
both	O
partners	O
in	O
OMII-UK	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
offers	O
consultancy	O
and	O
products	O
to	O
the	O
UK	O
e-Science	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPCC	B-Device
was	O
also	O
a	O
founder	O
partner	O
of	O
the	O
Numerical	O
Algorithms	O
and	O
Intelligent	O
Software	O
Centre	O
(	O
NAIS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPCC	B-Device
has	O
hosted	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
including	O
several	O
Meiko	B-Device
Computing	I-Device
Surfaces	I-Device
,	O
a	O
Thinking	O
Machines	O
CM-200	O
Connection	B-Device
Machine	I-Device
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Cray	O
systems	O
including	O
a	O
Cray	B-Device
T3D	I-Device
and	O
T3E	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPCC	B-Device
manages	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
HPC	O
systems	O
including	O
ARCHER	O
(	O
the	O
UK	O
's	O
national	O
high-end	O
computing	O
system	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
smaller	O
HPC	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
systems	O
hosted	O
by	O
EPCC	B-Device
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
ARCHER2	O
:	O
As	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
ARCHER2	O
facility	O
is	O
based	O
around	O
a	O
HPE	O
Cray	O
EX	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
that	O
provides	O
the	O
central	O
computational	O
resource	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
estimated	O
peaks	O
performance	O
of	O
28	O
Peta	O
FLOPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Blue	B-General_Concept
Gene/Q	I-General_Concept
:	O
As	O
of	O
2013	O
,	O
this	O
system	O
consists	O
of	O
6144	O
compute	O
nodes	O
housed	O
in	O
6	O
frames	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Distributed	O
Research	O
utilising	O
Advanced	O
Computing	O
(	O
DiRAC	B-Device
)	O
consortium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recent	O
systems	O
hosted	O
by	O
EPCC	B-Device
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
ARCHER	O
:	O
From	O
2014	O
to	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
EPCC	B-Device
hosted	O
the	O
ARCHER	O
facility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ARCHER	O
was	O
a	O
Cray	B-Device
XC30	I-Device
supercomputer	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
HECToR	B-Device
:	O
The	O
2010	O
system	O
(	O
Phase	O
2b	O
,	O
XT6	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
production	O
Cray	O
XT6	O
24-core	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HECToR	B-Device
was	O
decommissioned	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HPCx	B-Operating_System
:	O
Launched	O
in	O
2002	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
ranked	O
ninth-fastest	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HPCx	B-Operating_System
was	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
eServer	I-Device
p5	I-Device
575	I-Device
cluster	B-Architecture
,	O
located	O
at	O
Daresbury	O
Laboratory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
latterly	O
operated	O
under	O
the	O
complementarity	O
capability	O
computing	O
scheme	O
,	O
preferably	O
hosting	O
workload	O
which	O
can	O
not	O
easily	O
be	O
accommodated	O
on	O
the	O
HECToR	B-Device
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPCC	B-Device
supported	O
the	O
HPCx	B-Operating_System
and	O
HECToR	B-Device
systems	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
UK	O
research	O
councils	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
available	O
to	O
UK	O
academics	O
and	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Blue	B-Operating_System
Gene	I-Operating_System
:	O
Launched	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
EPCC	B-Device
's	O
Blue	B-Operating_System
Gene/L	I-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
first	O
Blue	B-Operating_System
Gene	I-Operating_System
system	O
available	O
outside	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPCC	B-Device
operated	O
this	O
2048-compute	O
core	O
service	O
for	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Edinburgh	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
QCDOC	B-Operating_System
:	O
One	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
most	O
powerful	O
systems	O
dedicated	O
to	O
the	O
numerical	O
investigation	O
of	O
quantum	O
chromodynamics	O
,	O
which	O
describes	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
quarks	B-Operating_System
and	O
gluons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maxwell	O
:	O
Maxwell	O
was	O
an	O
innovative	O
,	O
award-winning	O
FPGA-based	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
built	O
by	O
the	O
FPGA	B-Architecture
High	B-Architecture
Performance	I-Architecture
Computing	I-Architecture
Alliance	O
(	O
FHPCA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maxwell	O
comprised	O
32	O
blades	O
housed	O
in	O
an	O
IBM	B-General_Concept
BladeCenter	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
blade	O
comprised	O
one	O
Xeon	B-Device
processor	O
and	O
two	O
FPGAs	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FPGAs	B-Architecture
were	O
connected	O
by	O
a	O
fast	O
communication	O
subsystem	O
which	O
enabled	O
the	O
total	O
of	O
64	O
FPGAs	B-Architecture
to	O
be	O
connected	O
together	O
in	O
an	O
8×8	O
toroidal	O
mesh	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
processors	O
were	O
connected	O
together	O
via	O
a	O
PCI	B-Protocol
bus	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
