<s>
Earth	O
systems	O
models	O
of	O
intermediate	O
complexity	O
(	O
EMICs	O
)	O
form	O
an	O
important	O
class	O
of	O
climate	B-Application
models	I-Application
,	O
primarily	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
earth	O
's	O
systems	O
on	O
long	O
timescales	O
or	O
at	O
reduced	O
computational	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
mostly	O
achieved	O
through	O
operation	O
at	O
lower	O
temporal	O
and	O
spatial	O
resolution	O
than	O
more	O
comprehensive	O
general	B-Application
circulation	I-Application
models	I-Application
(	O
GCMs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modelling	O
on	O
ever	O
smaller	O
length	O
scales	O
required	O
smaller	O
time	O
steps	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
Courant	B-Algorithm
–	I-Algorithm
Friedrichs	I-Algorithm
–	I-Algorithm
Lewy	I-Algorithm
condition	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
judicious	O
parametrisation	O
of	O
key	O
variables	O
,	O
researchers	O
could	O
run	O
climate	B-Application
simulations	I-Application
on	O
less	O
powerful	O
computers	O
,	O
or	O
alternatively	O
much	O
faster	O
on	O
comparable	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Petoukhov	O
's	O
1980	O
statistical	O
dynamical	O
model	O
has	O
been	O
cited	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
modern	O
EMIC	O
,	O
but	O
despite	O
development	O
throughout	O
the	O
1980s	O
,	O
their	O
specific	O
value	O
only	O
achieved	O
wider	O
recognition	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
with	O
inclusion	O
in	O
IPCC	O
AR2	O
under	O
the	O
moniker	O
of	O
"	O
Simple	O
Climate	B-Application
Models	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
well	O
as	O
"	O
complexity	O
"	O
,	O
climate	B-Application
models	I-Application
have	O
been	O
classified	O
by	O
their	O
resolution	O
,	O
parametrisation	O
and	O
"	O
integration	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
CLIMBER	O
,	O
the	O
UVic	O
model	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
significantly	O
coarser	O
resolution	O
than	O
contemporary	O
AOGCMs	B-Application
(	O
3.6	O
°x	O
1.8	O
°	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Designed	O
to	O
run	O
paleoclimate	O
simulations	O
of	O
the	O
Pleistocene	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
tuned	O
to	O
reproduce	O
the	O
climate	O
of	O
its	O
parent	O
,	O
HADCM3	B-Application
,	O
by	O
solving	O
the	O
primitive	O
equations	O
written	O
down	O
by	O
Charney	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
model	O
runs	O
at	O
half	O
the	O
horizontal	O
resolution	O
of	O
HADCM3	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
McGuffie	O
and	O
Henderson-Sellers	O
argued	O
in	O
2001	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
EMICs	O
would	O
be	O
“	O
as	O
important	O
”	O
as	O
GCMs	O
to	O
the	O
climate	B-Application
modelling	I-Application
field	O
-	O
while	O
this	O
has	O
perhaps	O
not	O
been	O
true	O
in	O
the	O
time	O
since	O
that	O
statement	O
,	O
their	O
role	O
has	O
not	O
diminished	O
.	O
</s>
