<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
is	O
a	O
free	O
educational	O
programming	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
core	O
purpose	O
is	O
to	O
teach	O
coding	O
in	O
two	O
widely	O
used	O
languages	O
,	O
Python	B-Language
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
through	O
music	O
composing	O
and	O
remixing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
is	O
web-based	B-Application
,	O
which	O
means	O
users	O
can	O
access	O
it	O
with	O
their	O
web-browsers	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
no	O
installation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
comprises	O
different	O
elements	O
:	O
a	O
curriculum	O
,	O
a	O
digital	B-General_Concept
audio	I-General_Concept
workstation	I-General_Concept
(	O
or	O
DAW	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
code	O
editor	O
and	O
console	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
sound	O
browser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
's	O
sound	O
library	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
Young	O
Guru	O
,	O
Jay	O
Z	O
's	O
sound	O
engineer	O
,	O
and	O
famous	O
sound	O
designer	O
Richard	O
Devine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
has	O
two	O
main	O
goals	O
:	O
to	O
make	O
computer	O
science	O
more	O
engaging	O
for	O
students	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
diversify	O
the	O
population	O
of	O
students	O
interested	O
in	O
computer	O
science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Considering	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
all	O
fields	O
of	O
the	O
economy	O
incorporate	O
computing	O
in	O
their	O
operations	O
,	O
EarSketch	B-Language
proposes	O
to	O
motivate	O
students	O
to	O
enroll	O
in	O
CS	O
classes	O
and	O
to	O
pursue	O
CS	O
studies	O
in	O
higher	O
education	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
attempts	O
to	O
reach	O
this	O
goal	O
by	O
adding	O
a	O
musical	O
side	O
to	O
coding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
study	O
conducted	O
at	O
Georgia	O
Tech	O
showed	O
statistically	O
significant	O
results	O
in	O
this	O
domain	O
:	O
students	O
who	O
study	O
with	O
EarSketch	B-Language
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
make	O
progress	O
both	O
in	O
content	O
knowledge	O
and	O
attitude	O
towards	O
CS	O
(	O
self-confidence	O
,	O
motivation	O
,	O
intent	O
to	O
persist	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
has	O
demonstrated	O
success	O
in	O
tackling	O
this	O
issue	O
,	O
partly	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
focus	O
on	O
popular	O
genres	O
of	O
music	O
such	O
as	O
dubstep	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
EarSketch	B-Language
provides	O
a	O
creative	O
,	O
expressive	O
,	O
and	O
authentic	O
environment	O
(	O
since	O
students	O
compose	O
their	O
own	O
music	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
EarSketch	B-Language
originated	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
project	O
from	O
co-creators	O
Freeman	O
and	O
Magerko	O
focused	O
on	O
collaborative	O
composition	O
and	O
music	O
analysis	O
via	O
drawing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
sketching	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
a	O
focus	O
of	O
EarSketch	B-Language
,	O
the	O
environment	O
does	O
offer	O
drawing	O
and	O
animation	O
features	O
through	O
P5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
version	O
of	O
EarSketch	B-Language
,	O
released	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
was	O
built	O
inside	O
of	O
REAPER	B-Application
,	O
a	O
commercial	O
digital	B-General_Concept
audio	I-General_Concept
workstation	I-General_Concept
with	O
extensive	O
support	O
for	O
coding	O
via	O
the	O
ReaScript	O
API	B-General_Concept
for	O
Python	B-Language
and	O
the	O
JavaScript	B-Language
plugin	O
authoring	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
project	O
grew	O
,	O
the	O
Reaper-based	O
version	O
of	O
EarSketch	B-Language
was	O
eventually	O
retired	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
dependence	O
on	O
commercial	O
software	O
,	O
the	O
inability	O
of	O
the	O
team	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
integrated	O
user	O
interface	O
to	O
author	O
code	O
,	O
view	O
musical	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
DAW	O
,	O
find	O
sounds	O
,	O
and	O
challenges	O
installing	O
the	O
software	O
in	O
school	O
computer	O
labs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
website	O
uses	O
the	O
web	O
audio	O
API	B-General_Concept
and	O
runs	O
on	O
a	O
private	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
is	O
not	O
just	O
a	O
software	O
:	O
the	O
EarSketch	B-Language
team	O
works	O
hand	O
in	O
hand	O
with	O
teachers	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
curriculum	O
,	O
and	O
trains	O
teachers	O
every	O
year	O
in	O
summer	O
professional	O
development	O
workshops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
received	O
funding	O
from	O
the	O
National	O
Science	O
Foundation	O
(	O
NSF	O
)	O
(	O
CNS	O
#1138469	O
,	O
DRL	O
#1417835	O
,	O
DUE	O
#1504293	O
,	O
and	O
DRL	O
#1612644	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
Scott	O
Hudgens	O
Family	O
Foundation	O
,	O
the	O
Arthur	O
M	O
.	O
Blank	O
Family	O
Foundation	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Google	O
Inc	O
.	O
Fund	O
of	O
Tides	O
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
is	O
a	O
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
,	O
and	O
when	O
opening	O
a	O
session	O
,	O
users	O
see	O
different	O
sections	O
:	O
the	O
curriculum	O
,	O
the	O
code	O
editor	O
,	O
the	O
console	O
,	O
the	O
Digital	B-General_Concept
Audio	I-General_Concept
Workstation	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
the	O
browser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
textbook	O
for	O
EarSketch	B-Language
that	O
includes	O
chapters	O
about	O
major	O
computing	O
principles	O
,	O
Python	B-Language
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
introduction	O
to	O
computer	O
science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unit	O
1	O
is	O
an	O
introduction	O
to	O
EarSketch	B-Language
,	O
computing	O
and	O
to	O
basic	O
musical	O
concepts	O
(	O
tempo	O
and	O
pitch	O
,	O
effects	O
...	O
)	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
API	B-General_Concept
documentation	O
,	O
which	O
describes	O
all	O
the	O
functions	O
that	O
are	O
specific	O
to	O
EarSketch	B-Language
,	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Hour	O
of	O
code	O
tutorial	O
:	O
Hour	O
of	O
code	O
is	O
a	O
worldwide	O
initiative	O
to	O
engage	O
students	O
in	O
computer	O
science	O
,	O
by	O
providing	O
60	O
minute-long	O
ludic	O
introduction	O
tutorials	O
(	O
for	O
instance	O
with	O
Minecraft	B-Application
or	O
frozen	O
components	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
particular	O
tutorial	O
is	O
an	O
introduction	O
to	O
computer	O
science	O
where	O
students	O
compose	O
their	O
first	O
song	O
with	O
EarSketch	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
curriculum	O
contains	O
Python	B-Language
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
example	O
code	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
pasted	O
into	O
the	O
code	O
editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
's	O
code	O
editor	O
is	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
window	O
at	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
code	O
is	O
executed	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
create	O
the	O
music	O
in	O
the	O
Digital	B-General_Concept
Audio	I-General_Concept
Workstation	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
digital	B-General_Concept
audio	I-General_Concept
workstation	I-General_Concept
(	O
DAW	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
tool	O
used	O
by	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
music	O
producers	O
which	O
helps	O
manipulate	O
audio	O
samples	O
(	O
or	O
audio	O
files	O
)	O
,	O
add	O
effects	O
,	O
and	O
accomplish	O
other	O
tasks	O
in	O
the	O
composition	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EarSketch	B-Language
's	O
DAW	O
is	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
top	O
center	O
section	O
,	O
above	O
the	O
code	O
editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
code	O
commands	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
will	O
add	O
sound	O
samples	O
in	O
these	O
tracks	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
effects	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
volume	B-Algorithm
changes	O
,	O
reverberation	O
,	O
delay	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
compose	O
music	O
,	O
EarSketch	B-Language
coders	O
can	O
use	O
samples	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
code	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
code	O
editor	O
will	O
be	O
either	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
or	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
there	O
are	O
EarSketch-specific	O
functions	O
that	O
allow	O
for	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
accomplish	O
music	O
related	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
functions	O
of	O
EarSketch	B-Language
is	O
fitMedia( )	O
,	O
which	O
places	O
a	O
sample	O
sound	O
in	O
the	O
Digital	B-General_Concept
Audio	I-General_Concept
Workstation	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
in	O
EarSketch	B-Language
,	O
'	O
0	O
 '	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
file	O
should	O
play	O
,	O
then	O
'	O
-	O
'	O
means	O
a	O
silence	O
,	O
and	O
'	O
+	O
 '	O
means	O
keep	O
playing	O
the	O
sample	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Effects	O
are	O
common	O
in	O
Digital	B-General_Concept
Audio	I-General_Concept
Workstations	I-General_Concept
as	O
they	O
are	O
an	O
indispensable	O
element	O
of	O
music	O
production	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Volume	B-Algorithm
:	O
this	O
modifies	O
the	O
loudness	B-Algorithm
of	O
a	O
track	O
.	O
</s>
