<s>
The	O
Dynix	B-Library
Automated	I-Library
Library	I-Library
System	I-Library
was	O
a	O
popular	O
integrated	O
library	O
system	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
heyday	O
from	O
the	O
mid-1980s	O
to	O
the	O
late-1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
used	O
by	O
libraries	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
paper-based	O
card	B-Library
catalog	I-Library
,	O
and	O
track	O
lending	O
of	O
materials	O
from	O
the	O
library	O
to	O
patrons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
developed	O
in	O
1983	O
,	O
it	O
eventually	O
became	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
library	O
automation	O
software	O
ever	O
released	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
once	O
near-ubiquitous	O
in	O
libraries	O
boasting	O
an	O
electronic	O
card	B-Library
catalog	I-Library
,	O
peaking	O
at	O
over	O
5,000	O
installations	O
worldwide	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
nearly	O
80%	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
 '	O
Library	O
of	O
Congress	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typical	O
of	O
1980s	O
software	O
technology	O
,	O
Dynix	B-Library
had	O
a	O
character-based	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
involving	O
no	O
graphics	O
except	O
ASCII	O
art/ANSI	O
art	O
boxes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
Paul	O
Sybrowsky	O
,	O
founder	O
of	O
Dynix	B-Library
:	O
"	O
There	O
was	O
no	O
software	O
,	O
no	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Dynix	B-Library
library	O
system	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
software	O
developed	O
at	O
CTI	O
(	O
Computer	O
Translation	O
Incorporated	O
)	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
development	O
project	O
of	O
Brigham	O
Young	O
University	O
,	O
and	O
presided	O
over	O
by	O
Gary	O
Carlson	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
search	O
engine	O
tools	O
:	O
FSELECT	O
and	O
FSORT	O
were	O
written	O
for	O
the	O
PICK	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
under	O
contract	O
for	O
CTI	O
by	O
Walter	O
Nicholes	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
bid	O
for	O
a	O
research	O
support	O
systems	O
for	O
AT&T	O
laboratories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
library	O
systems	O
(	O
Dynix	B-Library
and	O
ALII	O
)	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
these	O
PICK	O
based	O
search	O
engine	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1984	O
,	O
Eyring	O
Research	O
Institute	O
acquired	O
80	O
percent	O
of	O
Dynix	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1987	O
,	O
a	O
New	O
Jersey	O
firm	O
called	O
the	O
Ultimate	O
Corporation	O
purchased	O
a	O
minority	O
share	O
of	O
Dynix	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dynix	B-Library
use	O
grew	O
quickly	O
in	O
the	O
early-and-mid	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
1989	O
,	O
Dynix	B-Library
had	O
just	O
292	O
installations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
year-and-a-half	O
later	O
,	O
in	O
June	O
1993	O
,	O
Dynix	B-Library
had	O
doubled	O
its	O
installed	O
base	O
,	O
signing	O
its	O
1,000	O
th	O
contract	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
its	O
peak	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
Dynix	B-Library
had	O
over	O
5,000	O
libraries	O
using	O
its	O
system	O
,	O
amounting	O
to	O
an	O
80%	O
market	O
share	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
selling	O
the	O
Dynix	B-Library
software	O
changed	O
hands	O
several	O
more	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
mostly	O
independent	O
it	O
was	O
called	O
Dynix	B-Library
Systems	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
1992	O
,	O
Dynix	B-Library
Systems	O
was	O
acquired	O
by	O
Ameritech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dynix	B-Library
and	O
NOTIS	O
Systems	O
(	O
maker	O
of	O
NOTIS	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
Ameritech	O
purchased	O
in	O
October	O
1991	O
,	O
were	O
consolidated	O
into	O
Ameritech	B-Library
Library	I-Library
Services	I-Library
(	O
ALS	O
)	O
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
1999	O
,	O
Ameritech	O
sold	O
Ameritech	O
Library	O
Systems	O
to	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
investment	O
companies	O
,	O
the	O
21st	O
Century	O
Group	O
and	O
Green	O
Leaf	O
Ridge	O
Company	O
,	O
which	O
rebranded	O
ALS	O
as	O
epixtech	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
epixtech	B-Library
reverted	O
to	O
using	O
the	O
Dynix	B-Library
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
customer	O
base	O
for	O
Dynix	B-Library
did	O
not	O
begin	O
decreasing	O
until	O
2000	O
,	O
at	O
which	O
point	O
it	O
started	O
being	O
replaced	O
by	O
Internet-based	O
interfaces	O
(	O
so-called	O
"	O
Web	O
PACs	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
reported	O
that	O
Dynix	B-Library
was	O
being	O
phased	O
out	O
by	O
its	O
manufacturer	O
,	O
and	O
approaching	O
"	O
end-of-life	O
"	O
status	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
functionality	O
and	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2005	O
,	O
SirsiDynix	O
was	O
formed	O
by	O
the	O
merger	O
of	O
the	O
Dynix	B-Library
Corporation	O
and	O
the	O
Sirsi	O
Corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Phase-outs	O
of	O
Dynix	B-Library
were	O
constant	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
2000s	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
second	O
decade	O
of	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
obsolete	O
and	O
remained	O
in	O
very	O
few	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
mid-2013	O
,	O
only	O
88	O
libraries	O
were	O
on	O
record	O
as	O
having	O
Dynix	B-Library
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
one	O
point	O
,	O
Dynix	B-Library
was	O
benchmarked	O
supporting	O
1,600	O
terminals	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
academic	O
libraries	O
,	O
primarily	O
K-12	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
Dynix	B-Library
Scholar	I-Library
(	O
an	O
Intel	O
80xxx-based	O
microcomputer	O
version	O
of	O
regular	O
Dynix	B-Library
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
very	O
small	O
libraries	O
,	O
with	O
perhaps	O
only	O
one	O
or	O
two	O
terminals	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
Dynix	B-Library
Elite	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Dynix	B-Library
system	O
,	O
as	O
used	O
in	O
regular	O
public	O
libraries	O
,	O
was	O
renamed	O
Dynix	B-Library
Classic	I-Library
later	O
in	O
its	O
lifespan	O
to	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
other	O
Dynix	B-Library
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
around	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
,	O
Dynix	B-Library
was	O
originally	O
written	O
in	O
Pick/BASIC	O
and	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
PICK	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1990	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
ported	O
to	O
VMark	B-Application
's	O
uniVerse	O
BASIC	O
programming	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
run	O
on	O
Unix-based	O
servers	O
,	O
with	O
uniVerse	O
acting	O
as	O
a	O
PICK	O
emulation	O
layer	O
between	O
the	O
software	O
and	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
Dynix	B-Library
was	O
once	O
again	O
re-ported	O
,	O
this	O
time	O
for	O
Windows	O
NT-based	O
servers	O
;	O
again	O
,	O
uniVerse	O
acted	O
as	O
a	O
Pick	O
emulator	O
between	O
the	O
software	O
and	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pick/BASIC	O
and	O
uniVerse	O
BASIC	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
programming	O
language	O
,	O
so	O
porting	O
Dynix	B-Library
did	O
not	O
require	O
re-writing	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
words	O
of	O
one	O
Dynix	B-Library
developer	O
,	O
"[Dynix]	O
was	O
programmed	O
in	O
Pick/BASIC	O
...	O
however	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
matured	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
uniVerse	O
BASIC	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
's	O
too	O
bad	O
that	O
it	O
(	O
uniVerse	O
BASIC	O
)	O
was	O
so	O
good	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
make	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
object-oriented	B-Language
Web-based	O
technology	O
in	O
time	O
to	O
stay	O
afloat.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
software	O
was	O
originally	O
written	O
on	O
computers	O
made	O
by	O
The	O
Ultimate	O
Corp	O
.	O
of	O
East	O
Hanover	O
,	O
New	O
Jersey	O
,	O
which	O
ran	O
Ultimate	O
's	O
proprietary	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
PICK	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
Dynix	B-Library
moved	O
to	O
IBM	O
RISC/6000	B-Device
-based	O
computers	O
running	O
AIX	B-Application
throughout	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
except	O
in	O
Training	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
SCO	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
most	O
libraries	O
purchased	O
the	O
same	O
type	O
of	O
servers	O
as	O
Dynix	B-Library
was	O
using	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
installations	O
done	O
on	O
platforms	O
such	O
as	O
DEC	O
and	O
MIPS	O
,	O
Sequent	O
,	O
Sequoia	O
(	O
which	O
used	O
a	O
very	O
expensive	O
native	O
PICK	O
)	O
,	O
HP	O
's	O
Unix	B-Application
servers	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Dynix	B-Library
corp	O
.	O
could	O
do	O
software-only	O
installs	O
to	O
any	O
compliant	O
Unix	B-Application
because	O
of	O
uniVerse	O
's	O
scalability	O
and	O
adaptability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dynix	B-Library
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
around	O
the	O
ADDS	B-Device
Viewpoint	O
A2	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
's	O
escape	O
sequences	O
,	O
because	O
ADDS	B-Device
terminals	O
were	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
on	O
the	O
PICK-based	O
mainframes	O
on	O
which	O
Dynix	B-Library
was	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
after	O
Dynix	B-Library
started	O
being	O
deployed	O
to	O
libraries	O
around	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
requests	O
started	O
coming	O
back	O
that	O
alternate	O
terminals	O
be	O
provided	O
for	O
patron	O
use	O
;	O
children	O
would	O
bang	O
on	O
the	O
keyboards	O
or	O
throw	O
books	O
at	O
the	O
terminals	O
,	O
or	O
use	O
unauthorized	O
key	O
sequences	O
to	O
mess	O
up	O
the	O
programming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
,	O
Dynix	B-Library
asked	O
Wyse	O
to	O
develop	O
such	O
a	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
;	O
Wyse	O
created	O
the	O
WY-30	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
stripped-down	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
best-selling	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
ever	O
made	O
,	O
the	O
WY-60	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
swivel	O
base	O
was	O
removed	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
sat	O
flat	O
on	O
whatever	O
surface	O
it	O
was	O
placed	O
on	O
;	O
what	O
the	O
unit	O
now	O
lacked	O
in	O
viewing-angle	O
adjustability	O
,	O
it	O
made	O
up	O
for	O
in	O
physical	O
stability	O
(	O
it	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
knocked	O
over	O
by	O
the	O
force	O
of	O
a	O
child	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
maintain	O
compatibility	O
with	O
how	O
Dynix	B-Library
was	O
already	O
written	O
,	O
the	O
WY-30	O
supported	O
the	O
Adds	B-Device
Viewpoint	O
A2	O
emulation	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
actually	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
only	O
emulations	O
on	O
the	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
WY-30	O
had	O
very	O
few	O
emulations	O
compared	O
to	O
most	O
Wyse	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
notably	O
did	O
not	O
support	O
VT100	B-Device
or	O
any	O
other	O
ANSI	O
emulations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Years	O
later	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
Dynix	B-Library
company	O
was	O
moving	O
from	O
Ultimate	O
computers	O
running	O
Pick/OS	O
to	O
IBM	O
computers	O
running	O
AIX	B-Application
and	O
uniVerse	O
,	O
compatibility	O
for	O
VT100/102/340	O
terminals	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
software	O
;	O
then	O
,	O
other	O
models	O
of	O
Wyse	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
started	O
coming	O
into	O
favor	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
WY-60	O
and	O
WY-150	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
easier	O
on	O
the	O
eyes	O
and	O
hands	O
than	O
the	O
WY-30	O
was	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
complete	O
Dynix	B-Library
Classic	I-Library
approached	O
900,000	O
lines	O
of	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
and	O
compiled	O
at	O
around	O
120	O
MB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
distributed	O
via	O
tape	O
drive	O
,	O
first	O
on	O
1/2	O
"	O
reel-to-reel	O
tape	O
,	O
then	O
later	O
1/4	B-Device
"	I-Device
cartridge	I-Device
tapes	I-Device
for	O
Dynix	B-Library
Elite	I-Library
users	O
,	O
and	O
8mm	B-Device
cartridges	I-Device
for	O
everyone	O
else	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
reason	O
for	O
Dynix	B-Library
's	O
success	O
was	O
that	O
an	O
entire	O
library	O
consortium	O
could	O
be	O
run	O
off	O
of	O
just	O
one	O
server	O
,	O
in	O
one	O
location	O
,	O
with	O
one	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
saved	O
a	O
significant	O
sum	O
of	O
money	O
—	O
millions	O
of	O
dollars	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
installations	O
—	O
versus	O
Dynix	B-Library
's	O
competitors	O
,	O
who	O
required	O
a	O
separate	O
server	O
and	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
in	O
each	O
library	O
branch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
single	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
Dynix	B-Library
software	O
installed	O
on	O
a	O
central	O
server	O
,	O
both	O
patrons	O
and	O
librarians	O
could	O
access	O
it	O
by	O
using	O
dumb	O
terminals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earliest	O
method	O
was	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
entire	O
system	O
connected	O
via	O
RS-232	O
;	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
many	O
muxes	B-Architecture
(	O
statistical	O
multiplexers	O
)	O
and	O
many	O
miles	O
of	O
serial	O
lines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Muxes	B-Architecture
were	O
the	O
phone	O
company	O
's	O
solution	O
for	O
connecting	O
serial	O
lines	O
between	O
branches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
dumb	O
terminals	O
were	O
connected	O
via	O
RS-232	O
to	O
a	O
terminal	B-Device
server	I-Device
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
connected	O
via	O
Ethernet	O
to	O
the	O
branch	O
's	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
separate	O
branches	O
would	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
central	O
Dynix	B-Library
server	O
via	O
IP-based	O
methods	O
(	O
the	O
Internet	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
installations	O
used	O
PC	O
's	O
running	O
terminal	B-Application
emulation	I-Application
software	O
,	O
and	O
connecting	O
to	O
the	O
Dynix	B-Library
server	O
via	O
telnet	B-Protocol
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dynix	B-Library
was	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
several	O
different	O
modules	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
was	O
purchased	O
independently	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
scaled	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
library	O
's	O
size	O
and	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Dialcat/DialPac	O
module	O
was	O
offered	O
,	O
allowing	O
patrons	O
with	O
a	O
modem	B-Application
and	O
terminal	B-Application
emulation	I-Application
software	O
to	O
dial	O
in	O
from	O
home	O
and	O
search	O
the	O
card	B-Library
catalog	I-Library
or	O
renew	O
books	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	O
with	O
a	O
text-based	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
Dynix	B-Library
,	O
are	O
described	O
as	O
being	O
either	O
"	O
menu-driven	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
command-line-driven	O
"	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
how	O
users	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dynix	B-Library
was	O
actually	O
a	O
hybrid	O
of	O
both	O
;	O
the	O
patrons	O
used	O
a	O
menu-driven	O
interface	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
given	O
a	O
numbered	O
list	O
of	O
options	O
,	O
and	O
simply	O
have	O
to	O
key	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
option	O
they	O
wanted	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
navigate	O
through	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
codes	O
,	O
referred	O
to	O
a	O
"	O
dot	O
commands	O
"	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
structure	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
period	O
followed	O
by	O
one	O
or	O
two	O
letters	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
'	O
.c	O
'	O
to	O
switch	O
between	O
checkout	O
and	O
checkin	O
screens	O
in	O
to	O
the	O
Circulation	O
module	O
)	O
,	O
allowed	O
librarians	O
access	O
to	O
advanced/hidden	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
Dynix	B-Library
system	O
,	O
and	O
—	O
along	O
with	O
password-protection	O
—	O
prevented	O
patrons	O
from	O
gaining	O
unauthorized	O
levels	O
of	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
