<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
commercial	O
website	O
described	O
as	O
"	O
an	O
independent	O
benchmark	O
that	O
scientifically	O
assesses	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
lenses	O
and	O
cameras	B-Device
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Founded	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
DxOMark	B-Algorithm
was	O
originally	O
owned	O
by	O
DxO	B-Algorithm
Labs	I-Algorithm
,	O
a	O
French	O
engineering	O
and	O
consulting	O
company	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
headquartered	O
in	O
Boulogne-Billancourt	O
,	O
Paris	O
,	O
France	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Image	O
Labs	O
was	O
separated	O
from	O
DxO	B-Algorithm
Labs	I-Algorithm
in	O
September	O
2017	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
later	O
re-branded	O
to	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
in	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
is	O
now	O
a	O
wholly	O
independent	O
privately-owned	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
scores	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
independent	O
news	O
publications	O
and	O
specialist	O
media	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
score(s )	O
awarded	O
by	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
are	O
based	O
upon	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
and	O
highly-documented	O
,	O
but	O
commercially	O
secret	O
methodology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
overall	O
'	O
headline	O
 '	O
(	O
v	O
)	O
score	O
is	O
awarded	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
is	O
based	O
upon	O
an	O
aggregated	O
overview	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
very	O
specific	O
and	O
detailed	O
test	O
attributes	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
actual	O
weighting	B-General_Concept
of	O
those	O
individual	O
attributes	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
themselves	O
stress	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
overall	O
score	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
weighted	O
sum	O
of	O
the	O
sub-scores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
also	O
highlight	O
that	O
they	O
consult	O
directly	O
with	O
the	O
equipment	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
objective	O
of	O
helping	O
them	O
make	O
better	O
cameras	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
respect	O
of	O
specific	O
score	O
figures	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
clear	O
what	O
headroom	O
or	O
ceiling	O
level	O
is	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
scoring	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
important	O
to	O
note	O
that	O
the	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
score	O
is	O
not	O
based	O
on	O
any	O
averages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Sensor	O
Score	O
measures	O
several	O
important	O
image	O
quality	O
metrics	O
of	O
the	O
RAW	B-Application
image	I-Application
captured	O
by	O
the	O
camera	O
's	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
metric	O
,	O
the	O
Perceptual	O
MegaPixel	O
(	O
P-MPix	O
)	O
,	O
defined	O
as	O
'	O
the	O
unit	O
of	O
a	O
sharpness	O
measurement	O
 '	O
,	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
rate	O
the	O
resolution	B-Algorithm
a	O
camera	O
produces	O
when	O
paired	O
to	O
a	O
particular	O
lens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
claims	O
that	O
P-MPix	O
is	O
a	O
more	O
accurate	O
and	O
relevant	O
value	O
for	O
photographers	O
to	O
consider	O
than	O
alternate	O
measures	O
of	O
sharpness	O
when	O
evaluating	O
camera	O
and	O
lens	O
image	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
December	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
Canon	O
EF	B-Algorithm
300mm	I-Algorithm
f/2.8L	I-Algorithm
IS	I-Algorithm
II	I-Algorithm
USM	I-Algorithm
lens	I-Algorithm
mounted	O
on	O
a	O
Canon	B-Algorithm
EOS	I-Algorithm
5DS	I-Algorithm
R	O
has	O
the	O
highest	O
measured	O
P-MPix	O
(	O
45	O
P-MPix	O
)	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
Carl	O
Zeiss	O
APO	O
Sonnar	O
T*	O
2/135	O
ZE	O
(	O
41	O
P-MPix	O
on	O
Canon	B-Algorithm
EOS	I-Algorithm
5DS	I-Algorithm
R	O
and	O
36	O
P-MPix	O
on	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
D800E	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Lens	O
Score	O
provides	O
ratings	O
for	O
camera	O
lenses	O
,	O
as	O
tested	O
using	O
its	O
proprietary	O
tool-set	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
various	O
camera	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
the	O
DxOMark	B-Algorithm
Sensor	O
Score	O
,	O
the	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Lens	O
Score	O
is	O
an	O
aggregation	O
of	O
five	O
separate	O
sub-scores	O
;	O
namely	O
:	O
sharpness	O
,	O
distortion	O
,	O
vignetting	O
,	O
transmission	O
,	O
and	O
chromatic	O
aberration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
smartphones	B-Application
began	O
to	O
overtake	O
point-and-shoot	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
,	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
began	O
testing	O
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
other	O
mobile	O
devices	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
and	O
introduced	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Mobile	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
major	O
update	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
September	O
2017	O
,	O
adding	O
tests	O
designed	O
to	O
stress	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
current-model	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
including	O
those	O
with	O
dual	O
lenses	O
;	O
such	O
as	O
lower-light	O
shooting	O
,	O
telephoto	O
zoom	O
,	O
depth	O
effect	O
,	O
and	O
bokeh	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Mobile	O
score	O
was	O
renamed	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Camera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Camera	O
Overall	O
Score	O
is	O
the	O
headline	O
number	O
reported	O
for	O
each	O
tested	O
device	O
,	O
and	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
proprietary	O
combination	O
of	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Camera	O
Photo	O
,	O
and	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Camera	O
Video	O
category	O
scores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
's	O
Camera	O
Photo	O
score	O
is	O
a	O
proprietary	O
combination	O
of	O
nine	O
category	O
sub-scores	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
's	O
Camera	O
Video	O
score	O
includes	O
six	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
sub-scores	O
as	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
's	O
Mobile	O
Photo	O
score	O
(	O
Exposure	O
,	O
Colour	O
,	O
Auto-focus	O
,	O
Texture	O
,	O
Noise	O
,	O
and	O
Artifacts	O
)	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
Stabilisation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
's	O
tests	O
are	O
conducted	O
by	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
technical	O
staff	O
under	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
lighting	O
conditions	O
;	O
ranging	O
from	O
low-light	O
1	O
Lux	O
,	O
to	O
bright	O
daylight	O
outdoors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
22	O
January	O
2019	O
,	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
started	O
to	O
release	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
metric	O
;	O
testing	O
the	O
front-facing	O
'	O
selfie	O
 '	O
cameras	B-Device
on	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
new	O
standalone	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Selfie	O
tests	O
are	O
undertaken	O
for	O
both	O
Photo	O
and	O
Video	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
'	O
headline	O
 '	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Selfie	O
score	O
will	O
combine	O
both	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Selfie	O
Photo	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
sub-scores	O
for	O
Exposure	O
,	O
Colour	O
,	O
Focus	O
,	O
Texture	O
,	O
Noise	O
,	O
Artifacts	O
,	O
Flash	O
,	O
and	O
Bokeh	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Selfie	O
Video	O
,	O
sub-scores	O
include	O
Exposure	O
,	O
Colour	O
,	O
Focus	O
,	O
Texture	O
,	O
Noise	O
,	O
Artifacts	O
,	O
and	O
Stabilisation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
10	O
October	O
2019	O
,	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
introduced	O
a	O
new	O
Audio	O
benchmark	O
for	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Phones	O
are	O
tested	O
for	O
playback	O
using	O
their	O
internal	O
speakers	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
recording	O
using	O
their	O
built-in	O
microphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Audio	O
tested	O
categories	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2020	O
,	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
introduced	O
a	O
rating	O
system	O
for	O
mobile	O
device	O
displays	O
(	O
screens	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Display	O
tests	O
over	O
400	O
measurements	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
20	O
hours	O
of	O
laboratory	O
evaluations	O
and	O
real-life	O
scenarios	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2020	O
,	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
introduced	O
a	O
rating	O
system	O
,	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Sound	O
,	O
for	O
wireless	B-Device
speakers	I-Device
,	O
based	O
on	O
factors	O
including	O
both	O
lab	O
tests	O
using	O
sound-level	O
meters	O
and	O
calibrated	O
microphones	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
20hours	O
of	O
perceptual	O
assessment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Customized	O
music	O
clips	O
,	O
created	O
by	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
professional	O
musicians	O
and	O
recording	O
studios	O
,	O
include	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
styles	O
of	O
jazz	O
,	O
hip-hop	O
,	O
classical	O
,	O
pop	O
,	O
rock	O
,	O
Latin	O
,	O
electronic	O
,	O
and	O
alternative	O
genres	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
started	O
smartphone	B-Application
battery	O
testing	O
on	O
10	O
May	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
's	O
battery	O
test	O
protocol	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
70	O
measurements	O
and	O
takes	O
150	O
hours	O
to	O
test	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
of	O
the	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
website	O
can	O
select	O
several	O
devices	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
class	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
the	O
website	O
display	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
their	O
test	O
scores	O
and	O
graphical	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
actual	O
test	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analyzer	O
is	O
a	O
suite	O
of	O
software	O
tools	O
published	O
by	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
,	O
that	O
includes	O
test	O
targets	O
and	O
test	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
camera	O
companies	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
press	O
publications	O
and	O
websites	O
;	O
to	O
test	O
sensors	O
,	O
lenses	O
,	O
and	O
standalone	O
cameras	B-Device
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
mobile	O
devices	O
with	O
cameras	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Testing	O
can	O
be	O
performed	O
on	O
both	O
RAW	B-Application
and	O
JPEG	O
images	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analyzer	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
analysis	O
engine	O
behind	O
dxomark.com	O
Results	O
can	O
be	O
displayed	O
either	O
numerically	O
or	O
graphically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
introduced	O
by	O
DxO	B-Algorithm
Labs	I-Algorithm
,	O
Analyzer	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
DxOMark	B-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
separated	O
from	O
DxO	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
ratings	O
are	O
often	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
press	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
image	O
quality	O
characteristics	O
of	O
their	O
cameras	B-Device
and	O
mobile	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High	O
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
Camera	O
ratings	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
featured	O
as	O
hallmarks	O
of	O
quality	O
in	O
vendor	O
announcements	O
and	O
marketing	O
materials	O
,	O
although	O
reviewers	O
are	O
careful	O
to	O
note	O
that	O
the	O
ratings	O
only	O
reflect	O
image	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DXOMARK	B-Algorithm
also	O
provides	O
consulting	O
services	O
to	O
hardware	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
related	O
to	O
image	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
