<s>
Drupal	B-Application
(	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
web	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
(	O
CMS	O
)	O
written	O
in	O
PHP	B-Application
and	O
distributed	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
provides	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
back-end	B-Architecture
framework	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
14%	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
10,000	O
websites	O
worldwide	O
and	O
1.2	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
10	O
million	O
websites	O
—	O
ranging	O
from	O
personal	O
blogs	O
to	O
corporate	O
,	O
political	O
,	O
and	O
government	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Systems	O
also	O
use	O
Drupal	B-Application
for	O
knowledge	O
management	O
and	O
for	O
business	O
collaboration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
Drupal	B-Application
community	O
had	O
more	O
than	O
1.39	O
million	O
members	O
,	O
including	O
124,000	O
users	O
actively	O
contributing	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
48,300	O
free	O
modules	B-Architecture
that	O
extend	O
and	O
customize	O
Drupal	B-Application
functionality	O
,	O
over	O
3,000	O
free	O
themes	O
that	O
change	O
the	O
look	O
and	O
feel	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
,	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
1,400	O
free	O
distributions	O
that	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
quickly	O
and	O
easily	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
complex	O
,	O
use-specific	O
Drupal	B-Application
in	O
fewer	O
steps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
release	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
,	O
known	O
as	O
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
,	O
contains	O
basic	O
features	O
common	O
to	O
content-management	B-Protocol
systems	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
installation	O
can	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
simple	O
website	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
or	O
multi-user	O
blog	O
,	O
an	O
Internet	B-Application
forum	I-Application
,	O
or	O
a	O
community	O
website	O
providing	O
for	O
user-generated	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
also	O
describes	O
itself	O
as	O
a	O
Web	B-Application
application	I-Application
framework	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
compared	O
with	O
notable	O
frameworks	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
meets	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
generally	O
accepted	O
feature	O
requirements	O
for	O
such	O
web	B-Application
frameworks	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Drupal	B-Application
offers	O
a	O
sophisticated	O
API	B-General_Concept
for	O
developers	O
,	O
basic	O
Web-site	O
installation	O
and	O
administration	O
of	O
the	O
framework	O
require	O
no	O
programming	O
skills	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
runs	O
on	O
any	O
computing	B-Device
platform	I-Device
that	O
supports	O
both	O
a	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
capable	O
of	O
running	O
PHP	B-Application
and	O
a	O
database	O
to	O
store	O
content	O
and	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
written	O
by	O
Dries	O
Buytaert	O
as	O
a	O
message	B-Application
board	I-Application
for	O
his	O
friends	O
to	O
communicate	O
in	O
their	O
dorms	O
while	O
working	O
on	O
his	O
Master	O
's	O
degree	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Antwerp	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
Drupal	B-Application
represents	O
an	O
English	O
rendering	O
of	O
the	O
Dutch	O
word	O
druppel	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
"	O
drop	O
"	O
(	O
as	O
in	O
a	O
water	O
droplet	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
now-defunct	O
Drop.org,	O
whose	O
code	O
slowly	O
evolved	O
into	O
Drupal	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
became	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
project	O
in	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interest	O
in	O
Drupal	B-Application
got	O
a	O
significant	O
boost	O
in	O
2003	O
when	O
it	O
helped	O
build	O
"	O
DeanSpace	O
"	O
for	O
Howard	O
Dean	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
candidates	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Democratic	O
Party	O
's	O
primary	O
campaign	O
for	O
the	O
2004	O
U.S.	O
presidential	O
election	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DeanSpace	O
used	O
open-source	B-Application
sharing	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
to	O
support	O
a	O
decentralized	O
network	O
of	O
approximately	O
50	O
disparate	O
,	O
unofficial	O
pro-Dean	O
websites	O
that	O
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
communicate	O
directly	O
with	O
one	O
another	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
with	O
the	O
campaign	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Dean	O
ended	O
his	O
campaign	O
,	O
members	O
of	O
his	O
Web	O
team	O
continued	O
to	O
pursue	O
their	O
interest	O
in	O
developing	O
a	O
Web	O
platform	O
that	O
could	O
aid	O
political	O
activism	O
by	O
launching	O
CivicSpace	O
Labs	O
in	O
July	O
2004	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
...	O
first	O
company	O
with	O
full-time	O
employees	O
that	O
was	O
developing	O
and	O
distributing	O
Drupal	B-Application
technology.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
companies	O
began	O
to	O
also	O
specialize	O
in	O
Drupal	B-Application
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
Drupal	B-Application
website	O
listed	O
hundreds	O
of	O
vendors	O
that	O
offered	O
Drupal-related	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
is	O
developed	O
by	O
a	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
July	O
2007	O
to	O
June	O
2008	O
,	O
the	O
Drupal.org	B-Application
site	O
provided	O
more	O
than	O
1.4	O
million	O
downloads	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
software	O
,	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
approximately	O
125%	O
from	O
the	O
previous	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
more	O
than	O
1,180,000	O
sites	O
use	O
Drupal	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
has	O
won	O
several	O
Packt	O
Open	B-Application
Source	I-Application
CMS	O
Awards	O
and	O
won	O
the	O
Webware	O
100	O
three	O
times	O
in	O
a	O
row	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
6	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
February	O
13	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
on	O
March	O
5	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Buytaert	O
announced	O
a	O
code	O
freeze	O
for	O
Drupal	B-Application
7	O
for	O
September	O
1	O
,	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
7	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
January	O
5	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
with	O
release	O
parties	O
in	O
several	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
that	O
,	O
maintenance	O
on	O
Drupal	B-Application
5	O
stopped	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
Drupal	B-Application
7	O
and	O
Drupal	B-Application
6	O
maintained	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
7	O
's	O
end-of-life	O
was	O
scheduled	O
for	O
November	O
2021	O
,	O
but	O
given	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
COVID-19	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
continuing	O
wide	O
usage	O
,	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
life	O
has	O
been	O
pushed	O
back	O
until	O
November	O
1	O
,	O
2023	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
reviewed	O
annually	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
7	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
8	O
first	O
release	O
candidate	O
(	O
rc1	O
)	O
was	O
announced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
8	O
includes	O
new	O
features	O
and	O
improvements	O
for	O
both	O
users	O
and	O
developers	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
a	O
revamped	O
user	O
interface	O
;	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
and	O
in-place	O
editing	O
;	O
improved	O
mobile	O
support	O
;	O
added	O
and	O
improved	O
key	O
contributed	O
modules	B-Architecture
including	O
Views	O
,	O
Date	O
,	O
and	O
Entity	O
Reference	O
;	O
introduced	O
a	O
new	O
object-oriented	O
backend	B-Architecture
leveraging	O
Symfony	B-Language
components	O
;	O
revamped	O
configuration	O
management	O
;	O
and	O
improved	O
multilingual	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
8	O
rc1	O
is	O
the	O
collective	O
work	O
of	O
over	O
3,200	O
core	O
contributors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
8	O
only	O
allows	O
clients	O
to	O
use	O
local	O
images	O
and	O
utilizes	O
only	O
filtered	O
HTML	B-Language
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2022	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
released	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
headless	B-Protocol
CMS	I-Protocol
accelerator	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
frontend	B-Architecture
to	O
be	O
managed	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
released	O
Drupal	B-Application
10.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Drupal	B-Application
community	O
,	O
"	O
core	O
"	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
collaboratively	O
built	O
codebase	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
extended	O
through	O
contributory	O
modules	B-Architecture
and	O
—	O
for	O
versions	O
prior	O
to	O
Drupal	B-Application
8	O
—	O
is	O
kept	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
sites	O
"	O
folder	O
of	O
a	O
Drupal	B-Application
installation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
is	O
the	O
stock	O
element	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Common	O
Drupal-specific	O
libraries	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
bootstrap	O
process	O
,	O
are	O
defined	O
as	O
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
;	O
all	O
other	O
functionality	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
Drupal	B-Application
modules	B-Architecture
including	O
the	O
system	O
module	B-Architecture
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
Drupal	B-Application
website	O
's	O
default	O
configuration	O
,	O
authors	O
can	O
contribute	O
content	O
as	O
either	O
registered	O
or	O
anonymous	O
users	O
(	O
at	O
the	O
discretion	O
of	O
the	O
administrator	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
8	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
has	O
adopted	O
some	O
Symfony	B-Language
libraries	O
into	O
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Core	O
modules	B-Architecture
also	O
includes	O
a	O
hierarchical	O
taxonomy	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
lets	O
developers	O
categorize	O
content	O
or	O
tagged	B-General_Concept
with	O
key	O
words	O
for	O
easier	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
maintains	O
a	O
detailed	O
changelog	O
of	O
core	O
feature	O
updates	O
by	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
includes	O
modules	B-Architecture
that	O
can	O
be	O
enabled	O
by	O
the	O
administrator	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	O
Drupal	B-Application
distribution	O
provides	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
includes	O
core	O
themes	O
,	O
which	O
customize	O
the	O
"	O
look	O
and	O
feel	O
"	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
sites	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Garland	O
and	O
Bartik	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Color	O
Module	B-Architecture
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
5.0	O
,	O
allows	O
administrators	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
color	O
scheme	O
of	O
certain	O
themes	O
via	O
a	O
browser	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
September	O
2022	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
is	O
available	O
in	O
100	O
languages	O
including	O
English	O
(	O
the	O
default	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
localization	O
is	O
built	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
gettext	B-Application
,	O
the	O
GNU	O
internationalization	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
localization	I-General_Concept
(	O
i18n	B-General_Concept
)	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
can	O
automatically	O
notify	O
the	O
administrator	O
about	O
new	O
versions	O
of	O
modules	B-Architecture
,	O
themes	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
updating	O
it	O
is	O
highly	O
recommended	O
to	O
take	O
backup	O
of	O
core	O
,	O
modules	B-Architecture
,	O
theme	B-Application
,	O
files	O
and	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
there	O
is	O
any	O
error	O
shown	O
after	O
update	O
or	O
if	O
the	O
new	O
update	O
is	O
not	O
compatible	O
with	O
a	O
module	B-Architecture
,	O
then	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
quickly	O
replaced	O
by	O
backup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
backup	O
modules	B-Architecture
available	O
in	O
Drupal	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
15	O
October	O
2014	O
,	O
an	O
SQL	B-Language
injection	I-Language
vulnerability	O
was	O
announced	O
and	O
update	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
weeks	O
later	O
the	O
Drupal	B-Application
security	O
team	O
released	O
an	O
advisory	O
explaining	O
that	O
everyone	O
should	O
act	O
under	O
the	O
assumption	O
that	O
any	O
site	O
not	O
updated	O
within	O
7	O
hours	O
of	O
the	O
announcement	O
were	O
compromised	O
by	O
automated	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
extremely	O
important	O
to	O
apply	O
these	O
updates	O
quickly	O
and	O
usage	O
of	O
a	O
tool	O
like	O
drush	B-Application
to	O
make	O
this	O
process	O
easier	O
is	O
highly	O
recommended	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
version	O
7	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
had	O
functions	O
that	O
performed	O
tasks	O
related	O
to	O
databases	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
SQL	O
query	O
cleansing	O
,	O
multi-site	O
table	O
name	O
prefixing	O
,	O
and	O
generating	O
proper	O
SQL	O
queries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
6	O
introduced	O
an	O
abstraction	O
layer	O
that	O
allowed	O
programmers	O
to	O
create	O
SQL	O
queries	O
without	O
writing	O
SQL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
9	O
extends	O
the	O
data	O
abstraction	O
layer	O
so	O
that	O
a	O
programmer	O
no	O
longer	O
needs	O
to	O
write	O
SQL	O
queries	O
as	O
text	O
strings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
PHP	B-Application
Data	O
Objects	O
to	O
abstract	O
the	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
has	O
written	O
a	O
database	O
driver	O
for	O
their	O
SQL	B-Application
Server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
7	O
supports	O
the	O
file-based	O
SQLite	B-Language
database	O
engine	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
PHP	B-Application
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
Drupal	B-Application
9	O
's	O
new	O
database	O
abstraction	O
layer	O
,	O
and	O
ability	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
Windows	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
IIS	B-Application
,	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
easier	O
for	O
Windows	O
developers	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
Drupal	B-Application
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
group	O
on	O
Drupal.org	B-Application
is	O
dedicated	O
to	O
Windows	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
7	O
,	O
Web	O
accessibility	O
has	O
been	O
constantly	O
improving	O
in	O
the	O
Drupal	B-Application
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
is	O
a	O
good	O
framework	O
for	O
building	O
sites	O
accessible	O
to	O
people	O
with	O
disabilities	O
,	O
because	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
practices	O
have	O
been	O
incorporated	O
into	O
Drupal	B-Application
Core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
8	O
saw	O
many	O
improvements	O
from	O
the	O
Authoring	O
Tool	O
Accessibility	O
Guidelines	O
(	O
ATAG	O
)	O
2.0	O
guidelines	O
which	O
support	O
both	O
an	O
accessible	O
authoring	O
environment	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
support	O
for	O
authors	O
to	O
produce	O
more	O
accessible	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
8	O
has	O
good	O
semantic	O
support	O
for	O
rich	B-Application
web	I-Application
applications	I-Application
through	O
WAI-ARIA	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
have	O
been	O
many	O
improvements	O
to	O
both	O
the	O
visitor	O
and	O
administrator	O
sides	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
,	O
especially	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
community	O
also	O
added	O
an	O
accessibility	O
gate	O
for	O
core	O
issues	O
in	O
Drupal	B-Application
8	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
is	O
modular	B-Architecture
,	O
defining	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
hooks	O
and	O
callbacks	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
accessed	O
internally	O
via	O
an	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
design	O
allows	O
third-party	O
contributed	O
modules	B-Architecture
and	O
themes	O
to	O
extend	O
or	O
override	O
Drupal	B-Application
's	O
default	O
behaviors	O
without	O
changing	O
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
's	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
isolates	O
core	O
files	O
from	O
contributed	O
modules	B-Architecture
and	O
themes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Drupal	B-Application
community	O
has	O
the	O
saying	O
,	O
"	O
Never	O
hack	O
core	O
,	O
"	O
a	O
strong	O
recommendation	O
that	O
site	O
developers	O
do	O
not	O
change	O
core	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contributed	O
modules	B-Architecture
offer	O
such	O
additional	O
or	O
alternate	O
features	O
as	O
image	O
galleries	O
,	O
custom	O
content	O
types	O
and	O
content	O
listings	O
,	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
editors	I-Application
,	O
private	O
messaging	O
,	O
third-party	O
integration	O
tools	O
,	O
integrating	O
with	O
BPM	O
portals	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
Drupal	B-Application
website	O
lists	O
more	O
than	O
44,000	O
free	O
modules	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
contributed	O
modules	B-Architecture
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CCK	O
Fields	O
API	B-General_Concept
is	O
in	O
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
in	O
Drupal	B-Application
7	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Basic	O
views	O
functionality	O
has	O
been	O
added	O
to	O
core	O
in	O
Drupal	B-Application
8	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
into	O
custom	O
modules	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Services	O
:	O
provides	O
an	O
API	B-General_Concept
for	O
Drupal	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Themes	O
adapt	O
or	O
replace	O
a	O
Drupal	B-Application
site	O
's	O
default	O
look	O
and	O
feel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
themes	O
use	O
standardized	O
formats	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
generated	O
by	O
common	O
third-party	O
theme	B-Application
design	O
engines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
templates	O
use	O
hard-coded	O
PHP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
8	O
and	O
future	O
versions	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
integrate	O
the	O
Twig	B-Language
templating	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
inclusion	O
of	O
the	O
PHPTemplate	O
and	O
XTemplate	O
engines	O
in	O
Drupal	B-Application
addressed	O
user	O
concerns	O
about	O
flexibility	O
and	O
complexity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Drupal	B-Application
theming	I-Application
system	O
utilizes	O
a	O
template	B-Application
engine	I-Application
to	O
further	O
separate	O
HTML/CSS	O
from	O
PHP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
popular	O
Drupal	B-Application
contributed	O
module	B-Architecture
called	O
'	O
Devel	O
 '	O
provides	O
GUI	O
information	O
to	O
developers	O
and	O
themers	O
about	O
the	O
page	O
build	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Community-contributed	O
themes	O
at	O
the	O
Drupal	B-Application
website	O
are	O
released	O
under	O
a	O
free	O
GPL	B-License
license	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
those	O
wanting	O
a	O
fully	O
customized	O
installation	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
had	O
to	O
download	O
a	O
pre-tailored	O
version	O
separately	O
from	O
the	O
official	O
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
distribution	O
defines	O
a	O
packaged	O
version	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
that	O
upon	O
installation	O
,	O
provides	O
a	O
website	O
or	O
application	O
built	O
for	O
a	O
specific	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
distributions	O
offer	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
Drupal	B-Application
site	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
manually	O
seek	O
out	O
and	O
install	O
third-party	O
contributed	O
modules	B-Architecture
or	O
adjust	O
configuration	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
collections	O
of	O
modules	B-Architecture
,	O
themes	O
,	O
and	O
associated	O
configuration	O
settings	O
that	O
prepare	O
Drupal	B-Application
for	O
custom	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
distribution	O
could	O
configure	O
Drupal	B-Application
as	O
a	O
"	O
brochure	O
"	O
site	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
news	O
site	O
or	O
online	O
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Presentation	B-Application
Abstraction	I-Application
Control	I-Application
architecture	O
,	O
or	O
PAC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
accepts	O
input	O
via	O
a	O
single	O
source	O
(	O
HTTP	O
GET	O
and	O
POST	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
routes	O
requests	O
to	O
the	O
appropriate	O
helper	O
functions	O
,	O
pulls	O
data	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
Abstraction	O
(	O
nodes	O
and	O
,	O
from	O
Drupal	B-Application
5	O
onwards	O
,	O
forms	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
pushes	O
it	O
through	O
a	O
filter	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
Presentation	O
of	O
it	O
(	O
the	O
theme	B-Application
system	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
even	O
has	O
multiple	O
,	O
parallel	O
PAC	O
agents	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
blocks	O
that	O
push	O
data	O
out	O
to	O
a	O
common	O
canvas	O
(	O
page.tpl.php	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal.org	B-Application
has	O
a	O
large	O
community	O
of	O
users	O
and	O
developers	O
who	O
provide	O
active	O
community	O
support	O
by	O
coming	O
up	O
with	O
new	O
updates	O
to	O
help	O
improve	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smaller	O
events	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Drupal	B-Application
Camps	O
"	O
or	O
DrupalCamp	O
,	O
occur	O
throughout	O
the	O
year	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
annual	O
Florida	O
DrupalCamp	O
brings	O
users	O
together	O
for	O
Coding	O
for	O
a	O
Cause	O
that	O
benefits	O
a	O
local	O
nonprofit	O
organization	O
,	O
as	O
does	O
the	O
annual	O
GLADCamp	O
(	O
Greater	O
Los	O
Angeles	O
Drupal	B-Application
Camp	O
)	O
event	O
,	O
Coders	O
with	O
a	O
Cause	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Drupal	B-Application
community	O
also	O
organizes	O
professional	O
and	O
semi-professional	O
gatherings	O
called	O
meetups	O
at	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
venues	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
over	O
30	O
national	O
communities	O
around	O
drupal.org	B-Application
offering	O
language-specific	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
Drupal	B-Application
users	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
's	O
policy	O
is	O
to	O
announce	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
each	O
security	O
vulnerability	O
once	O
the	O
fix	O
is	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Administrators	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
sites	O
can	O
be	O
automatically	O
notified	O
of	O
these	O
new	O
releases	O
via	O
the	O
Update	O
Status	O
module	B-Architecture
(	O
Drupal	B-Application
6	O
)	O
or	O
via	O
the	O
Update	O
Manager	O
(	O
Drupal	B-Application
7	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
maintains	O
a	O
security	O
announcement	O
mailing	O
list	O
,	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
all	O
security	O
advisories	O
,	O
a	O
security	O
team	O
home	O
page	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
RSS	O
feed	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
security	O
advisories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mid-October	O
2014	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
issued	O
a	O
"	O
highly	O
critical	O
"	O
security	O
advisory	O
regarding	O
an	O
SQL	B-Language
injection	I-Language
bug	O
in	O
Drupal	B-Application
7	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Drupageddon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Downloading	O
and	O
installing	O
an	O
upgrade	O
to	O
Drupal	B-Application
7.32	O
fixes	O
the	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
remove	O
any	O
backdoor	O
installed	O
by	O
hackers	O
if	O
the	O
site	O
has	O
already	O
been	O
compromised	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
Drupal	B-Application
security	O
team	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
site	O
was	O
not	O
patched	O
within	O
hours	O
of	O
the	O
announcement	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
compromised	O
and	O
taken	O
offline	O
by	O
being	O
replaced	O
with	O
a	O
static	O
HTML	B-Language
page	O
while	O
the	O
administrator	O
of	O
its	O
server	O
must	O
be	O
told	O
that	O
other	O
sites	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
server	O
may	O
also	O
have	O
been	O
compromised	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
underlying	O
bug	O
allows	O
remote	O
attackers	O
without	O
special	O
roles	O
or	O
permissions	O
to	O
take	O
complete	O
control	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
6	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
8	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drupal	B-Application
6	O
reached	O
end-of-life	O
on	O
February	O
24	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
get	O
official	O
security	O
updates	O
(	O
extended	O
support	O
is	O
available	O
from	O
two	O
paid	O
Long	O
Term	O
Services	O
Vendors	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
23	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
patched	O
an	O
arbitrary	O
file	O
upload	O
flaw	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
file-upload	O
flaw	O
affects	O
Drupal	B-Application
8.8.x	O
before	O
8.8.1	O
and	O
8.7.x	O
before	O
8.7.11	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
vulnerability	O
is	O
listed	O
as	O
moderately	O
critical	O
by	O
Drupal	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2022	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
announced	O
two	O
security	O
advisories	O
for	O
severe	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
Twig	B-Language
for	O
users	O
of	O
Drupal	B-Application
9.3	O
and	O
9.4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
week	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
also	O
announced	O
a	O
patch	O
for	O
the	O
S3	O
File	O
System	O
to	O
fix	O
an	O
access	O
bypass	O
issue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2023	O
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
announced	O
software	O
updates	O
to	O
resolve	O
four	O
vulnerabilities	O
in	O
Drupal	B-Application
core	O
and	O
three	O
plugins	O
.	O
</s>
