<s>
The	O
term	O
has	O
widespread	O
use	O
in	O
various	O
contexts	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
primarily	O
associated	O
with	O
specialized	O
software	O
designed	O
specifically	O
for	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Query	B-Library
operations	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Tabular	O
query	B-Library
operations	O
consist	O
of	O
standard	O
operations	O
on	O
data	O
tables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
example	O
is	O
formatted	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
emphasize	O
that	O
tabular	O
query	B-Library
operations	O
(	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
all	O
data	O
drilling	O
operations	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
any	O
conceivable	O
data	O
type	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
formatting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
pivot	O
query	B-Library
allows	O
multiple	O
representations	O
of	O
data	O
according	O
to	O
different	O
dimensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
query	B-Library
type	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
tabular	O
query	B-Library
,	O
except	O
it	O
also	O
allows	O
data	O
to	O
be	O
represented	O
in	O
summary	O
format	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
flexible	O
user-selected	O
hierarchy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
class	O
of	O
data	O
drilling	O
operation	O
is	O
formally	O
(	O
and	O
loosely	O
)	O
known	O
by	O
different	O
names	O
,	O
including	O
crosstab	B-Application
query	I-Application
,	O
pivot	B-Application
table	I-Application
,	O
data	O
pilot	O
,	O
selective	O
hierarchy	O
,	O
intertwingularity	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
illustrate	O
the	O
basics	O
of	O
pivot	O
query	B-Library
operations	O
,	O
consider	O
the	O
Fred	O
and	O
Wilma	O
table	O
(	O
Fig	O
001	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
redundancy	O
could	O
be	O
consolidated	O
using	O
an	O
outline	O
or	O
a	O
tree	B-Data_Structure
structure	I-Data_Structure
or	O
in	O
some	O
other	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
a	O
simple	O
text	O
outline	O
as	O
output	O
,	O
the	O
following	O
alternate	O
layouts	O
are	O
all	O
possible	O
with	O
a	O
pivot	O
query	B-Library
:	O
</s>
<s>
Pivot	O
query	B-Library
operations	O
are	O
useful	O
for	O
summarizing	O
a	O
corpus	O
of	O
data	O
in	O
multiple	O
ways	O
,	O
thereby	O
illustrating	O
different	O
representations	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
basic	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
operation	O
appears	O
prominently	O
in	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
and	O
desktop	O
database	O
software	O
,	O
its	O
flexibility	O
is	O
arguably	O
under-utilized	O
.	O
</s>
