<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
(	O
a	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
French	O
distribution	O
Mandrake	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
distribution	O
Conectiva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
a	O
discontinued	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
developed	O
by	O
Mandriva	O
S.A.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
release	O
lifetime	O
was	O
18	O
months	O
for	O
base	O
updates	O
(	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
system	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
12	O
months	O
for	O
desktop	O
updates	O
(	O
window	B-Application
managers	I-Application
,	O
desktop	O
environments	O
,	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Server	B-Application
products	O
received	O
full	O
updates	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
five	O
years	O
after	O
their	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
release	O
of	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
was	O
in	O
August	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
Mandrake	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
(	O
version	O
5.1	O
)	O
and	O
K	B-Language
Desktop	I-Language
Environment	I-Language
1	I-Language
in	O
July	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
brainchild	O
of	O
Gaël	O
Duval	O
,	O
who	O
wanted	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
ease	O
of	O
use	O
for	O
new	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
goal	O
was	O
met	O
as	O
Mandrake	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
gained	O
a	O
reputation	O
as	O
"	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
easiest	O
to	O
install	O
and	O
user-friendly	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
this	O
time	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
held	O
a	O
dominant	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
market	O
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
a	O
near	O
monopoly	O
in	O
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandrake	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
earned	O
praise	O
as	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
that	O
users	O
could	O
use	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
without	O
dual	B-Operating_System
booting	I-Operating_System
into	O
Windows	O
for	O
compatibility	O
with	O
web	O
sites	O
or	O
software	O
unavailable	O
under	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
CNET	O
called	O
the	O
user	B-Application
experience	I-Application
of	O
Mandrake	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
8.0	O
the	O
most	O
polished	O
available	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
its	O
inception	O
until	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
8.0	O
,	O
Mandrake	O
named	O
its	O
flagship	O
distribution	O
Linux-Mandrake	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
version	O
8.1	O
to	O
9.2	O
the	O
distribution	O
name	O
was	O
reversed	O
and	O
called	O
Mandrake	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
from	O
version	O
10.0	O
,	O
Mandrake	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
became	O
known	O
as	O
mandrakelinux	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
logo	O
changed	O
accordingly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2005	O
,	O
Mandrakesoft	O
announced	O
the	O
corporate	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Conectiva	O
,	O
a	O
Brazilian-based	O
company	O
that	O
produced	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
for	O
Portuguese-speaking	O
(	O
Brazil	O
)	O
and	O
Spanish-speaking	O
Latin	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
this	O
acquisition	O
and	O
the	O
legal	O
dispute	O
with	O
Hearst	O
Corporation	O
,	O
Mandrakesoft	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
changing	O
its	O
name	O
to	O
Mandriva	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
their	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
Mandrake	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
would	O
henceforward	O
be	O
known	O
as	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
contained	O
the	O
Mandriva	B-Language
Control	I-Language
Center	I-Language
,	O
which	O
eases	O
configuration	O
of	O
some	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
written	O
using	O
GTK+	B-Application
and	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
can	O
run	O
in	O
both	O
graphical	O
and	O
text	O
mode	O
using	O
the	O
ncurses	B-Language
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2011	O
was	O
released	O
only	O
with	O
KDE	B-Language
Plasma	I-Language
Desktop	I-Language
,	O
whereas	O
other	O
desktop	O
environments	O
were	O
available	O
but	O
not	O
officially	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
Mandriva	O
versions	O
also	O
used	O
KDE	O
as	O
standard	O
but	O
others	O
such	O
as	O
GNOME	B-Application
were	O
also	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
used	O
a	O
package	B-Application
manager	I-Application
called	O
urpmi	B-Application
,	O
which	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
wrapper	B-Library
to	O
the	O
.rpm	B-Application
binaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
apt	B-Application
from	O
Debian	O
&	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
,	O
pacman	O
from	O
Arch	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
yum	B-Application
or	O
dnf	B-Application
from	O
Fedora	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
allows	O
seamless	O
installation	O
of	O
a	O
given	O
software	B-Application
package	I-Application
by	O
automatically	O
installing	O
the	O
other	O
packages	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Urpmi	B-Application
also	O
has	O
an	O
easy-to-use	O
graphical	O
front-end	O
called	O
rpmdrake	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
is	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
Mandriva	B-Language
Control	I-Language
Center	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Live	O
USB	O
of	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
created	O
manually	O
or	O
with	O
UNetbootin	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
2007	O
–	O
2011	O
,	O
Mandriva	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
a	O
6-month	O
fixed-release	O
cycle	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
and	O
Fedora	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
stable	O
version	O
is	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2011	O
(	O
"	O
Hydrogen	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
released	O
on	O
28	O
August	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
tree	O
of	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
has	O
always	O
been	O
known	O
as	O
Cooker	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Date	O
Number	O
Name	O
Major	O
Features1998-07	O
VeniceFirst	O
release	O
based	O
on	O
RedHat	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
;	O
KDE	O
1.01998-12	O
Leeloo1999-02	O
FestenKDE	O
1.1	O
;	O
Last	O
release	O
with	O
Kernel	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
series1999-05	O
VenusKernel	O
2.2.9	O
;	O
GNOME	B-Application
1.0.91999-09	O
Helios2000-01	O
AirIncludes	O
drakxtools	O
1.0	O
and	O
urpmi	B-Application
0.9	O
,	O
these	O
packages	O
later	O
became	O
most	O
notable	O
features	O
among	O
Mandrake/Mandriva	O
based	O
distributions.2000-05	O
HeliumLast	O
release	O
with	O
KDE	O
1.1.x	O
series2000-09	O
Odyssey	O
(	O
called	O
Ulysses	O
during	O
beta	O
)	O
KDE	O
2.0	O
;	O
Last	O
release	O
with	O
Kernel	B-Operating_System
2.2	O
series2001-03	O
TraktopelKernel	O
2.4.3	O
;	O
KDE	O
2.1.12001-09	O
VitaminKDE	O
2.2.12002-03	O
BluebirdLast	O
release	O
with	O
KDE	O
2.2	O
series2002-09	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Mandrake	O
9.0-Dolphin	O
:	O
The	O
Review	O
,	O
OSNewsDolphinKDE	O
3.0.3	O
;	O
OpenOffice.org	O
1.0.1	O
;	O
Gnome	B-Application
2.0.22003-03	O
World	O
Exclusive	O
:	O
Mandrake	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
9.1	O
ReviewOpinions	O
and	O
facts	O
,	O
DistroWatch	O
WeeklyBambooIntroduce	O
"	O
Galaxy	O
"	O
theme	O
;	O
KDE	O
3.12003-09	O
FiveStarLast	O
release	O
with	O
Kernel	B-Operating_System
2.4	O
series2004-03	O
Mandrake	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
10	O
Community	O
Edition	O
:	O
The	O
Potential	O
is	O
Now	O
Obvious	O
,	O
OSNewsMandrake	O
10	O
:	O
A	O
Long	O
Time	O
User	O
's	O
Experiences	O
,	O
OSNewsQuick	O
Review	O
:	O
Mandrake	O
10.0	O
Official	O
,	O
OSNewsCommunity	O
and	O
OfficialKernel	O
2.6.3	O
;	O
KDE	O
3.2.0	O
;	O
Last	O
release	O
with	O
XFree86	O
4.32004-10	O
Mandrakelinux	O
10.1	O
on	O
AMD64	B-Device
[LWN.net]X11	O
r6.7.0	O
replaced	O
XFree86	O
;	O
Use	O
scim	O
as	O
unified	O
i18n	O
input	O
method	O
platform2005-04	O
411	O
on	O
2005	O
|	O
Tux	O
MachinesLimited	O
Edition	O
2005KDE	O
3.3.2	O
;	O
"	O
Mandrake	O
"	O
brand	O
removed	O
from	O
artworks( wallpaper	O
,	O
splash	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
2005-10	O
Mandriva	O
2006	O
Final	O
Look	O
|	O
Tux	O
MachinesMandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2006.1-0.3	O
|	O
Tux	O
MachinesMandriva	O
One	O
-	O
a	O
livecd	O
attempt	O
|	O
Tux	O
MachinesMandrivaOne	O
-	O
a	O
livecd	O
|	O
Tux	O
MachinesMandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2006KDE	O
3.4.2	O
;	O
First	O
release	O
with	O
Mandriva	O
branding	O
;	O
Support	O
upgrade	O
from	O
Conectiva	O
;	O
Last	O
release	O
with	O
"	O
Galaxy	O
"	O
theme2006-10	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2007KDE	O
3.5	O
;	O
New	O
theme	O
"	O
la	O
Ora	O
"	O
;	O
Rpmdrake	B-Operating_System
package	B-Application
manager	I-Application
ui	O
redesign	O
;	O
X.org	O
server	B-Application
1.1.12007-04	O
Kicking	O
the	O
tires	O
of	O
Mandriva	O
2007.1	O
beta	O
2	O
|	O
Tux	O
MachinesDistroWatch	O
Weekly	O
,	O
Issue	O
200	O
,	O
30	O
April	O
2007Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2007	O
Spring2007-10	O
Review	O
:	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
PowerPack	O
2008.0	O
,	O
OSNewsDistroWatch	O
Weekly	O
,	O
Issue	O
225	O
,	O
22	O
October	O
2007Mandriva	O
's	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
on	O
a	O
stick	O
will	O
wow	O
all	O
the	O
ladies	O
this	O
Summer	O
•	O
The	O
RegisterMandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
20082008-04-09	O
"	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2008	O
Spring	O
released	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2008	O
SpringLast	O
release	O
with	O
KDE	O
3.5	O
series2008-10	O
Mandriva	O
2009	O
-	O
Quite	O
all	O
right	O
,	O
but	O
could	O
be	O
better	O
,	O
DedoimedoMandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2009DrakX	O
installer	O
redesign	O
;	O
KDE	O
4.1.22009-04-29	O
"	O
Celebrate	O
Spring	O
with	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2009	O
Spring	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DistroWatch	O
Weekly	O
,	O
Issue	O
304	O
,	O
25	O
May	O
2009Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2009	O
Spring2009-11	O
DistroWatch	O
Weekly	O
,	O
Issue	O
328	O
,	O
9	O
November	O
2009Mandriva	O
2010	O
[LWN.net]Mandriva	O
2010	O
-	O
I	O
mean	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
release	O
of	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
was	O
split	O
into	O
several	O
different	O
editions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
edition	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
master	O
tree	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
public	O
mirrors	O
:	O
all	O
free	B-Application
/	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
and	O
all	O
non-free	O
software	O
which	O
is	O
under	O
a	O
license	O
that	O
allows	O
unrestricted	O
distribution	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
,	O
is	O
available	O
from	O
the	O
public	O
mirrors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Free	B-Application
was	O
a	O
'	O
traditional	O
 '	O
distribution	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
'	O
free	B-Application
 '	O
in	O
both	O
senses	O
:	O
it	O
consists	O
entirely	O
of	O
free	B-Application
and	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
public	O
download	O
at	O
no	O
charge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
usually	O
available	O
in	O
CD	O
(	O
three	O
or	O
four	O
discs	O
)	O
and	O
DVD	O
editions	O
for	O
x86	B-Operating_System
32	O
-	O
and	O
64-bit	O
CPU	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Free	B-Application
was	O
phased	O
in	O
2011	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
edition	O
approach	O
with	O
Mandriva	O
Desktop	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
One	O
was	O
a	O
free	B-Application
to	O
download	O
hybrid	O
distribution	O
,	O
being	O
both	O
a	O
Live	O
CD	O
and	O
an	O
installer	O
(	O
with	O
an	O
installation	O
wizard	O
that	O
includes	O
disk	O
partitioning	O
tools	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
One	O
versions	O
were	O
provided	O
for	O
each	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
release	O
preceding	O
Mandriva	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
could	O
choose	O
between	O
different	O
languages	O
,	O
select	O
either	O
the	O
KDE	O
or	O
GNOME	B-Application
desktops	I-Application
and	O
include	O
or	O
exclude	O
non-free	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
One	O
images	O
consist	O
of	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
packages	O
from	O
the	O
'	O
main	O
 '	O
,	O
'	O
contrib	O
 '	O
and	O
'	O
non-free	O
'	O
sections	O
of	O
the	O
master	O
tree	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
documentation	O
files	O
stripped	O
from	O
the	O
packages	O
to	O
save	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
One	O
2008	O
has	O
a	O
smaller	O
range	O
of	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
KDE	O
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
versions	O
with	O
the	O
default	O
set	O
of	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Powerpack	O
was	O
a	O
'	O
traditional	O
 '	O
distribution	O
(	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
one	O
that	O
comes	O
with	O
a	O
dedicated	O
installer	O
,	O
DrakX	B-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
first	O
used	O
to	O
install	O
the	O
distribution	O
to	O
the	O
hard	O
disk	O
of	O
the	O
computer	O
before	O
it	O
is	O
run	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
commercial	O
edition	O
of	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
as	O
such	O
,	O
requires	O
payment	O
for	O
its	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
several	O
non-free	O
packages	O
intended	O
to	O
add	O
value	O
for	O
the	O
end	O
user	O
,	O
including	O
non-free	O
drivers	O
like	O
the	O
NVIDIA	O
and	O
ATI	O
graphics	O
card	O
drivers	O
,	O
non-free	O
firmware	O
for	O
wireless	O
chips	O
and	O
modems	O
,	O
some	O
browser	B-Application
plugins	O
such	O
as	O
Java	O
and	O
Flash	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
full	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
Cedega	B-General_Concept
,	O
Adobe	O
Reader	O
and	O
RealPlayer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
packages	O
from	O
the	O
'	O
main	O
 '	O
,	O
'	O
contrib	O
 '	O
,	O
'	O
non-free	O
'	O
and	O
'	O
restricted	O
 '	O
sections	O
of	O
the	O
master	O
tree	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2008	O
,	O
the	O
Discovery	O
and	O
Powerpack+	O
editions	O
were	O
merged	O
into	O
Powerpack	O
,	O
which	O
became	O
Mandriva	O
's	O
only	O
commercial	O
offering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Discovery	O
was	O
a	O
commercial	O
distribution	O
aimed	O
at	O
first-time	O
and	O
novice	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2008	O
does	O
not	O
include	O
a	O
Discovery	O
edition	O
,	O
having	O
added	O
optional	O
novice-friendly	O
features	O
to	O
the	O
Powerpack	O
edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
releases	O
prior	O
to	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2007	O
,	O
Discovery	O
was	O
a	O
'	O
traditional	O
 '	O
distribution	O
built	O
on	O
the	O
DrakX	B-Application
installer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2007	O
and	O
2007	O
Spring	O
,	O
Discovery	O
is	O
a	O
hybrid	O
"	O
Live	O
DVD	O
"	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
booted	O
without	O
installation	O
or	O
installed	O
to	O
hard	O
disk	O
in	O
the	O
traditional	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
packages	O
from	O
the	O
'	O
main	O
 '	O
,	O
'	O
contrib	O
 '	O
,	O
'	O
non-free	O
'	O
and	O
'	O
non-free-restricted	O
'	O
sections	O
of	O
the	O
master	O
tree	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Powerpack+	O
was	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Powerpack	O
with	O
additional	O
packages	O
,	O
mostly	O
commercial	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
Powerpack	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
sold	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
Mandriva	O
Store	O
website	O
and	O
through	O
authorized	O
resellers	O
;	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
free	B-Application
download	O
for	O
Mandriva	O
Club	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Gold	O
level	O
and	O
above	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Powerpack+	O
was	O
aimed	O
at	O
SOHO	O
(	O
small	O
office	O
/	O
home	O
office	O
)	O
users	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
expectation	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
run	O
a	O
small	O
home	O
or	O
office	O
server	B-Application
machine	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
desktop	O
and	O
development	O
workstations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
package	O
selection	O
was	O
tailored	O
with	O
this	O
in	O
mind	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
server	B-Application
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
packages	O
from	O
the	O
'	O
main	O
 '	O
,	O
'	O
contrib	O
 '	O
,	O
'	O
non-free	O
'	O
and	O
'	O
restricted	O
 '	O
sections	O
of	O
the	O
master	O
tree	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Derivatives	O
are	O
distributions	O
that	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
some	O
by	O
Mandriva	O
itself	O
,	O
others	O
by	O
independent	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
maintain	O
compatibility	O
with	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
so	O
that	O
installing	O
a	O
Mandriva	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.rpm	B-Application
also	O
works	O
on	O
the	O
offspring	O
.	O
</s>
