<s>
Document	B-General_Concept
Update	I-General_Concept
Markup	I-General_Concept
Language	I-General_Concept
(	O
DUML	B-General_Concept
)	O
is	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
specification	I-Protocol
created	O
by	O
Brian	O
Kardell	O
to	O
enable	O
server-side	O
logic	O
DOM	B-General_Concept
manipulation	O
outside	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
conventional	O
JavaScript	B-Language
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DUML	B-General_Concept
supports	O
a	O
simpler	O
approach	O
to	O
AJAX	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
most	O
current	O
approaches	O
,	O
DOM	B-General_Concept
manipulation	O
is	O
accomplished	O
through	O
arbitrarily	O
complex	O
client-side	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
DUML	B-General_Concept
approach	O
,	O
the	O
browser	O
makes	O
a	O
standard	O
AJAX	B-Device
call	O
to	O
the	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
DOM	B-General_Concept
manipulation	O
instructions	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
appending	O
nodes	O
,	O
replacing	O
nodes	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
are	O
generated	O
server-side	O
as	O
a	O
DUML	B-General_Concept
document	O
,	O
delivered	O
to	O
the	O
browser	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
interpreted	O
by	O
a	O
simple	O
DUML	B-General_Concept
interpreter	O
running	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
net	O
effect	O
is	O
to	O
move	O
complex	O
DOM	B-General_Concept
manipulation	O
logic	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
web	O
page	O
(	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
any	O
associated	O
JavaScript	B-Language
files	O
)	O
and	O
onto	O
the	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DUML	B-General_Concept
itself	O
is	O
very	O
simple	O
,	O
supporting	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
nine	O
manipulations	O
:	O
appendChild	O
,	O
insertBefore	O
,	O
insertAfter	O
,	O
replace	O
,	O
remove	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DUML	B-General_Concept
specification	O
itself	O
is	O
generic	O
and	O
not	O
tied	O
directly	O
to	O
HTML	O
based	O
applications	O
and	O
therefore	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
any	O
XML/DOM	O
based	O
user	O
interface	O
language	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
client	O
supports	O
a	O
language	O
in	O
which	O
an	O
interpreter	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
"	O
DUML	B-General_Concept
"	O
originated	O
with	O
Kardell	O
's	O
son	O
,	O
who	O
remarked	O
that	O
writing	O
DOM	B-General_Concept
manipulation	O
code	O
using	O
complicated	O
client-side	O
JavaScript	B-Language
was	O
"	O
dumb	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
