<s>
In	O
distributed	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
,	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
are	O
objects	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
sense	O
of	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
)	O
that	O
are	O
distributed	O
across	O
different	O
address	B-General_Concept
spaces	I-General_Concept
,	O
either	O
in	O
different	O
processes	B-Operating_System
on	O
the	O
same	O
computer	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
in	O
multiple	O
computers	O
connected	O
via	O
a	O
network	B-Architecture
,	O
but	O
which	O
work	O
together	O
by	O
sharing	O
data	O
and	O
invoking	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
often	O
involves	O
location	B-Protocol
transparency	I-Protocol
,	O
where	O
remote	O
objects	O
appear	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
local	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
method	O
of	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
object	I-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
is	O
with	O
remote	B-Operating_System
method	I-Operating_System
invocation	I-Operating_System
,	O
generally	O
by	O
message-passing	O
:	O
one	O
object	O
sends	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
another	O
object	O
in	O
a	O
remote	O
machine	O
or	O
process	O
to	O
perform	O
some	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
were	O
popular	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
and	O
early	O
2000s	O
,	O
but	O
have	O
since	O
fallen	O
out	O
of	O
favor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
may	O
also	O
generally	O
refer	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
extensions	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
object	O
concept	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
distributed	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
,	O
such	O
as	O
replicated	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
or	O
live	B-Operating_System
distributed	I-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Replicated	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
are	O
groups	O
of	O
software	O
components	O
(	O
replicas	B-Architecture
)	O
that	O
run	O
a	O
distributed	O
multi-party	O
protocol	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
consistency	O
between	O
their	O
internal	O
states	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
respond	O
to	O
requests	O
in	O
a	O
coordinated	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Referring	O
to	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
replicas	B-Architecture
jointly	O
as	O
an	O
object	O
reflects	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
interacting	O
with	O
any	O
of	O
them	O
exposes	O
the	O
same	O
externally	O
visible	O
state	O
and	O
behavior	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Live	B-Operating_System
distributed	I-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
(	O
or	O
simply	O
live	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
)	O
generalize	O
the	O
replicated	O
object	O
concept	O
to	O
groups	O
of	O
replicas	B-Architecture
that	O
might	O
internally	O
use	O
any	O
distributed	O
protocol	O
,	O
perhaps	O
resulting	O
in	O
only	O
a	O
weak	O
consistency	O
between	O
their	O
local	O
states	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Live	B-Operating_System
distributed	I-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
can	O
also	O
be	O
defined	O
as	O
running	O
instances	O
of	O
distributed	O
multi-party	O
protocols	O
,	O
viewed	O
from	O
the	O
object-oriented	B-Language
perspective	O
as	O
entities	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
distinct	O
identity	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
can	O
encapsulate	O
distributed	O
state	O
and	O
behavior	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
also	O
Internet	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
suite	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Local	O
and	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
differ	O
in	O
many	O
respects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parallelism	O
:	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
may	O
be	O
executed	O
in	O
parallel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Failure	O
:	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
have	O
far	O
more	O
points	O
of	O
failure	O
than	O
typical	O
local	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RPC	O
facilities	O
of	O
the	O
cross	O
platform	O
serialization	O
protocol	O
,	O
Cap'n	B-Operating_System
Proto	I-Operating_System
amount	O
to	O
a	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
object	I-Operating_System
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
object	I-Operating_System
method	O
calls	O
can	O
be	O
executed	O
(	O
chained	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
network	B-Architecture
request	O
,	O
if	O
needs	O
be	O
)	O
through	O
interface	O
references/capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
are	O
implemented	O
in	O
Objective-C	B-Language
using	O
the	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
API	I-Operating_System
with	O
the	O
NSConnection	O
class	O
and	O
supporting	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
are	O
used	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
RMI	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
CORBA	B-Architecture
lets	O
one	O
build	O
distributed	O
mixed	O
object	B-Language
systems	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
DCOM	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
on	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DDObjects	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
using	O
Borland	O
Delphi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pyro	O
is	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
using	O
the	O
Python	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
Ruby	I-Operating_System
(	O
DRb	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
using	O
the	O
Ruby	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
