<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
is	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
,	O
high-performance	O
platform	O
for	O
the	O
R	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
enhances	O
R	B-Language
by	O
adding	O
distributed	O
data	B-General_Concept
structures	I-General_Concept
,	O
parallelism	O
primitives	O
to	O
run	O
functions	O
on	O
distributed	O
data	O
,	O
a	O
task	O
scheduler	O
,	O
and	O
multiple	O
data	O
loaders	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
is	O
written	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
and	O
R	B-Language
,	O
and	O
retains	O
the	O
familiar	O
look	O
and	O
feel	O
of	O
R	B-Language
.	O
,	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
(	O
HP	O
)	O
provides	O
enterprise	O
support	O
for	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
with	O
proprietary	O
additions	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
fast	O
data	O
loader	O
from	O
the	O
Vertica	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
was	O
begun	O
in	O
2011	O
by	O
Indrajit	O
Roy	O
,	O
Shivaram	O
Venkataraman	O
,	O
Alvin	O
AuYoung	O
,	O
and	O
Robert	O
S	O
.	O
Schreiber	O
as	O
a	O
research	O
project	O
at	O
HP	O
Labs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
open	O
sourced	O
in	O
2014	O
under	O
the	O
GPLv2	O
license	O
and	O
is	O
available	O
at	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2015	O
,	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
reached	O
its	O
first	O
stable	O
version	O
1.0	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
enterprise	O
support	O
from	O
HP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
platform	O
to	O
implement	O
and	O
execute	O
distributed	O
applications	O
in	O
R	B-Language
.	O
The	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
extend	O
R	B-Language
for	O
distributed	O
computing	O
,	O
while	O
retaining	O
the	O
simplicity	O
and	O
look-and-feel	O
of	O
R	B-Language
.	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
consists	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
components	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	O
data	B-General_Concept
structures	I-General_Concept
:	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
extends	O
R	B-Language
's	O
common	O
data	B-General_Concept
structures	I-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
array	O
,	O
data.frame	O
,	O
and	O
list	O
to	O
store	O
data	O
across	O
multiple	O
nodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
corresponding	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
data	B-General_Concept
structures	I-General_Concept
are	O
darray	O
,	O
dframe	O
,	O
and	O
dlist	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
common	O
data	B-General_Concept
structure	I-General_Concept
operations	O
in	O
R	B-Language
,	O
such	O
as	O
colSums	O
,	O
rowSums	O
,	O
nrow	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
on	O
distributed	O
data	B-General_Concept
structures	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parallel	O
loop	O
:	O
Programmers	O
can	O
use	O
the	O
parallel	O
loop	O
,	O
called	O
foreach	O
,	O
to	O
manipulate	O
distributed	O
data	B-General_Concept
structures	I-General_Concept
and	O
execute	O
tasks	O
in	O
parallel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programmers	O
only	O
specify	O
the	O
data	B-General_Concept
structure	I-General_Concept
and	O
function	O
to	O
express	O
applications	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
runtime	O
schedules	O
tasks	O
and	O
,	O
if	O
required	O
,	O
moves	O
around	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
loaders	O
:	O
Users	O
can	O
leverage	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
constructs	O
to	O
implement	O
parallel	O
connectors	O
that	O
load	O
data	O
from	O
different	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
already	O
provides	O
implementations	O
to	O
load	O
data	O
from	O
files	O
and	O
databases	O
to	O
distributed	O
data	B-General_Concept
structures	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
Vertica	O
provides	O
tight	O
integration	O
with	O
their	O
database	O
and	O
the	O
open	O
source	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
Vertica	O
7.1	O
includes	O
features	O
that	O
enable	O
fast	O
,	O
parallel	O
loading	O
from	O
the	O
Vertica	O
database	O
to	O
Distribute	O
R	B-Language
.	O
This	O
parallel	O
Vertica	O
loader	O
can	O
be	O
more	O
than	O
five	O
times	O
(	O
5x	O
)	O
faster	O
than	O
using	O
traditional	O
ODBC	O
based	O
connectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
users	O
can	O
call	O
the	O
distributed	O
algorithms	O
to	O
create	O
machine	O
learning	O
models	O
,	O
deploy	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
Vertica	O
database	O
,	O
and	O
use	O
the	O
model	O
for	O
in-database	O
scoring	O
and	O
predictions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Architectural	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
Vertica	O
database	O
and	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
integration	O
are	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
Sigmod	O
2015	O
paper	O
.	O
</s>
