<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
(	O
DP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
digital	B-Device
display	I-Device
interface	O
developed	O
by	O
a	O
consortium	O
of	O
PC	O
and	O
chip	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
standardized	O
by	O
the	O
Video	O
Electronics	O
Standards	O
Association	O
(	O
VESA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
primarily	O
used	O
to	O
connect	O
a	O
video	O
source	O
to	O
a	O
display	B-Device
device	I-Device
such	O
as	O
a	O
computer	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
also	O
carry	O
audio	O
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
was	O
designed	O
to	O
replace	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Digital	B-Protocol
Visual	I-Protocol
Interface	I-Protocol
(	O
DVI	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatible	I-General_Concept
with	O
other	O
interfaces	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
and	O
DVI	B-Protocol
,	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
either	O
active	O
or	O
passive	O
adapters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
display	O
interface	O
to	O
rely	O
on	O
packetized	O
data	O
transmission	O
,	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
digital	O
communication	O
found	O
in	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
Ethernet	O
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
PCI	O
Express	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
legacy	O
standards	O
that	O
transmit	O
a	O
clock	O
signal	O
with	O
each	O
output	O
,	O
its	O
protocol	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
small	O
data	B-Protocol
packets	I-Protocol
known	O
as	O
micro	O
packets	B-Protocol
,	O
which	O
can	O
embed	O
the	O
clock	O
signal	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
stream	O
,	O
allowing	O
higher	O
resolution	O
using	O
fewer	O
pins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
data	B-Protocol
packets	I-Protocol
also	O
makes	O
it	O
extensible	O
,	O
meaning	O
more	O
features	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
over	O
time	O
without	O
significant	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
physical	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
transmit	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
although	O
each	O
can	O
be	O
transmitted	O
without	O
the	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
video	O
signal	O
path	O
can	O
range	O
from	O
six	O
to	O
sixteen	O
bits	O
per	O
color	B-Algorithm
channel	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
the	O
audio	O
path	O
can	O
have	O
up	O
to	O
eight	O
channels	O
of	O
24-bit	O
,	O
192kHz	O
uncompressed	O
PCM	B-Algorithm
audio	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bidirectional	O
,	O
half-duplex	O
auxiliary	O
channel	O
carries	O
device	O
management	O
and	O
device	O
control	O
data	O
for	O
the	O
Main	O
Link	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
VESA	O
EDID	B-General_Concept
,	O
MCCS	O
,	O
and	O
DPMS	B-General_Concept
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interface	O
is	O
also	O
capable	O
of	O
carrying	O
bidirectional	O
USB	B-Protocol
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interface	O
uses	O
a	O
differential	O
signal	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
compatible	O
with	O
DVI	B-Protocol
or	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
dual-mode	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
ports	O
are	O
designed	O
to	O
transmit	O
a	O
single-link	O
DVI	B-Protocol
or	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
protocol	O
(	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
)	O
across	O
the	O
interface	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
external	O
passive	O
adapter	O
,	O
enabling	O
compatibility	O
mode	O
and	O
converting	O
the	O
signal	O
from	O
3.3	O
to	O
5	B-Application
volts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
analog	O
VGA/YPbPr	O
and	O
dual-link	B-Protocol
DVI	I-Protocol
,	O
a	O
powered	O
active	O
adapter	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
compatibility	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
rely	O
on	O
dual	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	O
VGA	B-Protocol
adapters	I-Protocol
are	O
powered	O
directly	O
by	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
,	O
while	O
active	O
dual-link	B-Protocol
DVI	I-Protocol
adapters	O
typically	O
rely	O
on	O
an	O
external	O
power	O
source	O
such	O
as	O
USB	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.0	O
–	O
1.1a	O
allow	O
a	O
maximum	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
10.8Gbit/s	O
(	O
8.64Gbit/s	O
data	O
rate	O
)	O
over	O
a	O
standard	O
4-lane	O
main	O
link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
up	O
to	O
2	O
meters	O
in	O
length	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
full	O
10.8Gbit/s	O
bandwidth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.1	O
allows	O
devices	O
to	O
implement	O
alternative	O
link	O
layers	O
such	O
as	O
fiber	B-Architecture
optic	I-Architecture
,	O
allowing	O
a	O
much	O
longer	O
reach	O
between	O
source	O
and	O
display	O
without	O
signal	O
degradation	O
,	O
although	O
alternative	O
implementations	O
are	O
not	O
standardized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
includes	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
in	O
addition	O
to	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Content	O
Protection	O
(	O
DPCP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
version	O
1.2	O
was	O
introduced	O
on	O
7	O
January	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
improvements	O
include	O
multiple	O
independent	O
video	O
streams	O
(	O
daisy-chain	O
connection	O
with	O
multiple	O
monitors	O
)	O
called	O
Multi-Stream	O
Transport	O
(	O
MST	O
)	O
,	O
facilities	O
for	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
3D	I-Algorithm
,	O
increased	O
AUX	O
channel	O
bandwidth	O
(	O
from	O
1Mbit/s	O
to	O
720Mbit/s	O
)	O
,	O
more	O
color	O
spaces	O
including	O
xvYCC	O
,	O
scRGB	B-Device
,	O
and	O
Adobe	O
RGB	O
1998	O
,	O
and	O
Global	O
Time	O
Code	O
(	O
GTC	O
)	O
for	O
sub	O
1μs	O
audio/video	O
synchronisation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
Apple	O
Inc.	O
'	O
s	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
connector	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
much	O
smaller	O
and	O
designed	O
for	O
laptop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
and	O
other	O
small	O
devices	O
,	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
version	O
1.2a	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2013	O
and	O
may	O
optionally	O
include	O
VESA	O
's	O
Adaptive	O
Sync	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMD	O
's	O
FreeSync	O
uses	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Adaptive-Sync	O
feature	O
for	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeSync	O
was	O
first	O
demonstrated	O
at	O
CES	O
2014	O
on	O
a	O
Toshiba	O
Satellite	O
laptop	B-Device
by	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Panel-Self-Refresh	O
(	O
PSR	O
)	O
feature	O
from	O
the	O
Embedded	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
a	O
proposal	O
from	O
AMD	O
,	O
VESA	O
later	O
adapted	O
the	O
Panel-Self-Refresh	O
feature	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
standalone	O
displays	O
and	O
added	O
it	O
as	O
an	O
optional	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Adaptive-Sync	O
"	O
in	O
version	O
1.2a	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
optional	O
feature	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
Adaptive-Sync	O
is	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
a	O
display	O
to	O
be	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2a-compliant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
version	O
1.3	O
was	O
approved	O
on	O
15	O
September	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
standard	O
increases	O
overall	O
transmission	O
bandwidth	O
to	O
32.4Gbit/s	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
HBR3	O
mode	O
featuring	O
8.1Gbit/s	O
per	O
lane	O
(	O
up	O
from	O
5.4Gbit/s	O
with	O
HBR2	O
in	O
version	O
1.2	O
)	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
data	O
throughput	O
of	O
25.92Gbit/s	O
after	O
factoring	O
in	O
8b/10b	B-Protocol
encoding	I-Protocol
overhead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
bandwidth	O
is	O
enough	O
for	O
a	O
4K	B-Architecture
UHD	I-Architecture
display	O
(	O
)	O
at	O
120Hz	O
with	O
24bit/px	O
RGB	O
color	O
,	O
a	O
5K	O
display	O
(	O
)	O
at	O
60Hz	O
with	O
30bit/px	O
RGB	O
color	O
,	O
or	O
an	O
8K	B-Device
UHD	I-Device
display	O
(	O
)	O
at	O
30Hz	O
with	O
24bit/px	O
RGB	O
color	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
Multi-Stream	O
Transport	O
(	O
MST	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
port	O
can	O
drive	O
two	O
4K	B-Architecture
UHD	I-Architecture
(	O
)	O
displays	O
at	O
60Hz	O
,	O
or	O
up	O
to	O
four	O
WQXGA	O
(	O
)	O
displays	O
at	O
60Hz	O
with	O
24bit/px	O
RGB	O
color	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
standard	O
includes	O
mandatory	O
Dual-mode	O
for	O
DVI	B-Protocol
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
adapters	O
,	O
implementing	O
the	O
HDMI2.0	O
standard	O
and	O
HDCP2.2	O
content	O
protection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
connection	O
standard	O
was	O
originally	O
to	O
include	O
DisplayPort1.3	B-Protocol
capability	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
final	O
release	O
ended	O
up	O
with	O
only	O
version	O
1.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VESA	O
's	O
Adaptive	O
Sync	O
feature	O
in	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
version	O
1.3	O
remains	O
an	O
optional	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
version	O
1.4	O
was	O
published	O
1	O
March	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort1.4	O
adds	O
support	O
for	O
Display	O
Stream	O
Compression	O
1.2	O
(	O
DSC	O
)	O
,	O
Forward	B-Error_Name
Error	I-Error_Name
Correction	I-Error_Name
,	O
HDR10	B-Device
metadata	O
defined	O
in	O
CTA-861.3	O
,	O
including	O
static	O
and	O
dynamic	O
metadata	O
and	O
the	O
Rec	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2020	O
color	O
space	O
,	O
for	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
interoperability	O
,	O
and	O
extends	O
the	O
maximum	O
number	O
of	O
inline	O
audio	O
channels	O
to	O
32	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
version	O
1.4a	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
April	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
updated	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
's	O
DSC	O
implementation	O
from	O
DSC	O
1.2	O
to	O
1.2a	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
26	O
June	O
2019	O
,	O
VESA	O
formally	O
released	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
2.0	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VESA	O
stated	O
that	O
version	O
2.0	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
update	O
to	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
since	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
≈3×	O
improvement	O
in	O
data	O
rate	O
(	O
from	O
25.92	O
to	O
77.37Gbit/s	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
version	O
of	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
(	O
1.4a	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
new	O
capabilities	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
future	O
performance	O
requirements	O
of	O
traditional	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
beyond	O
8K	O
resolutions	O
,	O
higher	O
refresh	O
rates	O
and	O
high	O
dynamic	O
range	O
(	O
HDR	O
)	O
support	O
at	O
higher	O
resolutions	O
,	O
improved	O
support	O
for	O
multiple	O
display	O
configurations	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
improved	O
user	O
experience	O
with	O
augmented/virtual	O
reality	O
(	O
AR/VR	O
)	O
displays	O
,	O
including	O
support	O
for	O
4K-and-beyond	O
VR	O
resolutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Products	O
incorporating	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
2.0	O
are	O
not	O
projected	O
by	O
VESA	O
to	O
appear	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
until	O
later	O
in	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
a	O
roadmap	O
published	O
by	O
VESA	O
in	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
was	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
launched	O
in	O
"	O
early	O
2017	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
no	O
new	O
version	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2017	O
,	O
likely	O
delayed	O
to	O
make	O
further	O
improvements	O
after	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Forum	O
announced	O
in	O
January	O
2017	O
that	O
their	O
next	O
standard	O
(	O
HDMI2.1	O
)	O
would	O
offer	O
up	O
to	O
48Gbit/s	O
of	O
bandwidth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
a	O
press	O
release	O
on	O
3	O
January	O
2018	O
,	O
"	O
VESA	O
is	O
also	O
currently	O
engaged	O
with	O
its	O
members	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
next	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
generation	O
,	O
with	O
plans	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
data	O
rate	O
enabled	O
by	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
by	O
two-fold	O
and	O
beyond	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
increased	O
bandwidth	O
enabled	O
by	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
2.0	O
,	O
VESA	O
offers	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
versatility	O
and	O
configurations	O
for	O
higher	O
display	O
resolutions	O
and	O
refresh	O
rates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
above-mentioned	O
8K	O
resolution	O
at	O
60Hz	O
with	O
HDR	O
support	O
,	O
UHBR20	O
through	O
USB-C	O
as	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Alt	O
Mode	O
enables	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
high-performance	O
configurations	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
using	O
only	O
two	O
lanes	O
on	O
the	O
USB-C	O
connector	O
via	O
DP	O
Alt	O
Mode	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
SuperSpeed	O
USB	B-Protocol
data	O
and	O
video	O
,	O
DP	O
2.0	O
can	O
enable	O
such	O
configurations	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
VESA	O
announced	O
version	O
2.1	O
of	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
on	O
17	O
October	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
incorporates	O
the	O
new	O
DP40	O
and	O
DP80	O
cable	O
certifications	O
,	O
which	O
test	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
for	O
proper	O
operation	O
at	O
the	O
UHBR10	O
(	O
40Gbit/s	O
)	O
and	O
UHBR20	O
(	O
80Gbit/s	O
)	O
speeds	O
introduced	O
in	O
version	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
it	O
revises	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
electrical	O
requirements	O
for	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
devices	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
improve	O
integration	O
with	O
USB4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
2.1	O
has	O
tightened	O
its	O
alignment	O
with	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
Type-C	O
specification	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
USB4	O
PHY	O
specification	O
to	O
facilitate	O
a	O
common	O
PHY	O
servicing	O
both	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
and	O
USB4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
2.1	O
has	O
added	O
a	O
new	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
bandwidth	O
management	O
feature	O
to	O
enable	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
tunneling	O
to	O
coexist	O
with	O
other	O
I/O	O
data	O
traffic	O
more	O
efficiently	O
over	O
the	O
USB4	O
link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
version	O
1.01.1a	O
1.21.2a	O
1.3	O
1.41.4a	O
2.02.1	O
Release	O
date	O
May	O
2006	O
(	O
1.0	O
)	O
Mar	O
2007	O
(	O
1.1	O
)	O
Jan	O
2008	O
(	O
1.1a	O
)	O
Jan	O
2010	O
(	O
1.2	O
)	O
May	O
2012	O
(	O
1.2a	O
)	O
Sep	O
2014	O
Mar	O
2016	O
(	O
1.4	O
)	O
Apr	O
2018	O
(	O
1.4a	O
)	O
Jun	O
2019	O
(	O
2.0	O
)	O
Oct	O
2022	O
(	O
2.1	O
)	O
Main	O
linkTransmission	O
modes	O
:	O
RBR	O
(	O
1.62Gbit/s	O
per	O
lane	O
)	O
HBR	O
(	O
2.70Gbit/s	O
per	O
lane	O
)	O
HBR2	O
(	O
5.40Gbit/s	O
per	O
lane	O
)	O
HBR3	O
(	O
8.10Gbit/s	O
per	O
lane	O
)	O
UHBR	O
10	O
(	O
10.0Gbit/s	O
per	O
lane	O
)	O
UHBR	O
13.5	O
(	O
13.5Gbit/s	O
per	O
lane	O
)	O
UHBR	O
20	B-Application
(	O
20.0Gbit/s	O
per	O
lane	O
)	O
Number	O
of	O
lanes	O
4	O
4	O
4	O
4	O
4	O
Maximum	O
total	O
bandwidth	O
10.80Gbit/s	O
21.60Gbit/s	O
32.40Gbit/s	O
32.40Gbit/s	O
80.00Gbit/s	O
Maximum	O
total	O
data	O
rate	O
8.64Gbit/s	O
17.28Gbit/s	O
25.92Gbit/s	O
25.92Gbit/s	O
77.37Gbit/s	O
Encoding	O
scheme	O
8b/10b	B-Protocol
8b/10b	B-Protocol
8b/10b	B-Protocol
8b/10b	B-Protocol
128b/132b	O
Compression	O
(	O
optional	O
)	O
DSC1.2	O
(	O
DP1.4	O
)	O
DSC1.2a	O
(	O
DP1.4a	O
)	O
DSC1.2a	O
Auxiliary	O
channel	O
Maximum	O
bandwidth	O
2Mbit/s	O
720Mbit/s	O
2Mbit/s	O
2Mbit/s	O
2Mbit/s	O
Maximum	O
data	O
rate	O
1Mbit/s	O
576Mbit/s	O
1Mbit/s	O
1Mbit/s	O
1Mbit/s	O
Encoding	O
scheme	O
ManchesterII	O
8b/10b	B-Protocol
ManchesterII	O
ManchesterII	O
ManchesterII	O
Color	O
format	O
support	O
RGB	O
4:4:4	O
4:2:2	O
4:2:0	O
Y-only	O
(	O
monochrome	O
)	O
Color	O
depth	O
support	O
6bpc	O
(	O
18bit/px	O
)	O
8bpc	O
(	O
24bit/px	O
)	O
10bpc	O
(	O
30bit/px	O
)	O
12bpc	O
(	O
36bit/px	O
)	O
16bpc	O
(	O
48bit/px	O
)	O
Color	O
space	O
support	O
ITU-R	O
BT.601	O
ITU-R	O
BT.709	O
sRGB	O
scRGB	B-Device
xvYCC	O
Adobe	O
RGB	O
(	O
1998	O
)	O
DCI-P3	O
Simplified	O
color	O
profile	O
ITU-R	O
BT.2020	O
Audio	O
specifications	O
Max	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
main	O
link	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
transmission	O
of	O
video	O
and	O
audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
standard	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connection	O
has	O
4	O
lanes	O
,	O
though	O
some	O
applications	O
of	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
implement	O
more	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
interface	O
which	O
implements	O
up	O
to	O
8	O
lanes	O
of	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
standard	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connection	O
,	O
each	O
lane	O
has	O
a	O
dedicated	O
set	O
of	O
twisted-pair	O
wires	O
,	O
and	O
transmits	O
data	O
across	O
it	O
using	O
differential	O
signaling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
DVI	B-Protocol
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
which	O
vary	O
their	O
transmission	O
speed	O
to	O
the	O
exact	O
rate	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
specific	O
video	O
format	O
,	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
only	O
operates	O
at	O
a	O
few	O
specific	O
speeds	O
;	O
any	O
excess	O
bits	O
in	O
the	O
transmission	O
are	O
filled	O
with	O
"	O
stuffing	O
symbols	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
versions	O
1.01.4a	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
is	O
encoded	O
using	O
ANSI	O
8b/10b	B-Protocol
encoding	I-Protocol
prior	O
to	O
transmission	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
transmission	O
speeds	O
are	O
also	O
sometimes	O
expressed	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Link	O
Symbol	O
Rate	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
rate	O
at	O
which	O
these	O
8b/10b	B-Protocol
-encoded	O
symbols	O
are	O
transmitted	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
2.0	O
uses	O
128b/132b	O
encoding	O
;	O
each	O
group	O
of	O
132	O
transmitted	O
bits	O
represents	O
128	O
bits	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
overhead	O
is	O
added	O
for	O
the	O
link	O
layer	O
control	O
packet	B-Protocol
and	O
other	O
miscellaneous	O
operations	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
an	O
overall	O
efficiency	O
of	O
≈	O
96.7	O
%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
transmission	O
mode	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
main	O
link	O
is	O
negotiated	O
by	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
sink	O
device	O
when	O
a	O
connection	O
is	O
made	O
,	O
through	O
a	O
process	O
called	O
Link	O
Training	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cable	O
is	O
insufficient	O
to	O
reliably	O
handle	O
HBR2	O
speeds	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
devices	O
will	O
detect	O
this	O
and	O
switch	O
down	O
to	O
a	O
lower	O
mode	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
stable	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
AUX	O
channel	O
is	O
a	O
half-duplex	O
(	O
bidirectional	O
)	O
data	O
channel	O
used	O
for	O
miscellaneous	O
additional	O
data	O
beyond	O
video	O
and	O
audio	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
EDID	B-General_Concept
(	O
I2C	O
)	O
or	O
CEC	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort1.0	O
specified	O
Manchester	B-Protocol
encoding	I-Protocol
with	O
a	O
2Mbaud	O
signal	O
rate	O
(	O
1Mbit/s	O
data	O
rate	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
1.2	O
of	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
introduced	O
a	O
second	O
transmission	O
mode	O
called	O
FAUX	O
(	O
Fast	O
AUX	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
operated	O
at	O
720Mbaud	O
with	O
8b/10b	B-Protocol
encoding	I-Protocol
(	O
576Mbit/s	O
data	O
rate	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
deprecated	O
in	O
version	O
1.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
all	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
devices	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
version	O
of	O
each	O
device	O
or	O
the	O
cable	O
certification	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
features	O
of	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
will	O
function	O
across	O
any	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
does	O
not	O
have	O
multiple	O
cable	O
designs	O
;	O
all	O
DP	O
cables	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
basic	O
layout	O
and	O
wiring	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
support	O
any	O
feature	O
including	O
audio	O
,	O
daisy-chaining	O
,	O
G-Sync/FreeSync	O
,	O
HDR	O
,	O
and	O
DSC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
differ	O
in	O
their	O
transmission	O
speed	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
specifies	O
seven	O
different	O
transmission	O
modes	O
(	O
RBR	O
,	O
HBR	O
,	O
HBR2	O
,	O
HBR3	O
,	O
UHBR10	O
,	O
UHBR13.5	O
,	O
and	O
UHBR20	O
)	O
which	O
support	O
progressively	O
higher	O
bandwidths	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
all	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
all	O
seven	O
transmission	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
certifications	O
are	O
optional	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
all	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
are	O
certified	O
by	O
VESA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cables	O
with	O
limited	O
transmission	O
speed	O
are	O
still	O
compatible	O
with	O
all	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
devices	O
,	O
but	O
may	O
place	O
limits	O
on	O
the	O
maximum	O
resolution	O
or	O
refresh	O
rate	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
are	O
not	O
classified	O
by	O
"	O
version	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
are	O
classified	O
only	O
by	O
their	O
bandwidth	O
certification	O
level	O
(	O
RBR	O
,	O
HBR	O
,	O
HBR2	O
,	O
HBR3	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
all	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
functioning	O
at	O
the	O
highest	O
levels	O
of	O
bandwidth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
certify	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
for	O
proper	O
operation	O
at	O
the	O
following	O
speeds	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2013	O
,	O
VESA	O
published	O
an	O
article	O
stating	O
that	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cable	O
certification	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
distinct	O
tiers	O
for	O
HBR	O
and	O
HBR2	O
bandwidth	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
any	O
certified	O
standard	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cable	O
—	O
including	O
those	O
certified	O
under	O
DisplayPort1.1	O
—	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
handle	O
the	O
21.6Gbit/s	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
HBR2	O
that	O
was	O
introduced	O
with	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DisplayPort1.2	O
standard	O
defines	O
only	O
a	O
single	O
specification	O
for	O
High	O
Bit	O
Rate	O
cable	O
assemblies	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
both	O
HBR	O
and	O
HBR2	O
speeds	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
DP	O
cable	O
certification	O
process	O
is	O
governed	O
by	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
PHY	O
Compliance	O
Test	O
Standard	O
(	O
CTS	O
)	O
and	O
not	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2019	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
2.0	O
of	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Standard	O
,	O
VESA	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
DP8K	O
certification	O
was	O
also	O
sufficient	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
UHBR10	O
transmission	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
new	O
certifications	O
were	O
announced	O
for	O
the	O
UHBR13.5	O
and	O
UHBR20	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Formats	O
which	O
would	O
normally	O
be	O
beyond	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
DisplayPort1.4	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
4K	B-Device
(	O
38402160	O
)	O
at	O
144Hz	O
8bpc	O
RGB/	O
4:4:4	O
(	O
31.4Gbit/s	O
data	O
rate	O
when	O
uncompressed	O
)	O
,	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
implemented	O
by	O
using	O
DSC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
exemplifies	O
why	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
are	O
not	O
classified	O
by	O
"	O
version	O
"	O
;	O
although	O
DSC	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
version	O
1.4	O
,	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
mean	O
it	O
needs	O
a	O
so-called	O
"	O
DP1.4	O
cable	O
"	O
(	O
an	O
HBR3-rated	O
cable	O
)	O
to	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
does	O
not	O
specify	O
any	O
maximum	O
length	O
for	O
cables	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
standard	O
does	O
set	O
a	O
minimum	O
requirement	O
that	O
all	O
cables	O
up	O
to	O
2	O
meters	O
in	O
length	O
must	O
support	O
HBR2	O
speeds	O
(	O
21.6Gbit/s	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
cables	O
of	O
any	O
length	O
must	O
support	O
RBR	O
speeds	O
(	O
6.48Gbit/s	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
and	O
ports	O
may	O
have	O
either	O
a	O
"	O
full-size	O
"	O
connector	O
or	O
a	O
"	O
mini	O
"	O
connector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
connectors	O
differ	O
only	O
in	O
physical	O
shape	O
—	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
are	O
the	O
same	O
regardless	O
of	O
which	O
connector	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
a	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
connector	O
does	O
not	O
affect	O
performance	O
or	O
feature	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
(	O
now	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
full-size	O
"	O
connector	O
to	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
mini	O
connector	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
sole	O
connector	O
type	O
introduced	O
in	O
DisplayPort1.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
20-pin	O
single-orientation	O
connector	O
with	O
a	O
friction	O
lock	O
and	O
an	O
optional	O
mechanical	O
latch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
receptacle	O
has	O
dimensions	O
of	O
16.10mm	O
(	O
width	O
)	O
×	O
4.76mm	O
(	O
height	O
)	O
×	O
8.88mm	O
(	O
depth	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
pin	O
allocation	O
is	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
connector	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Apple	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
their	O
computer	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
first	O
announced	O
in	O
October	O
2008	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	B-Device
new	I-Device
MacBooks	I-Device
and	O
Cinema	O
Display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
VESA	O
adopted	O
it	O
as	O
an	O
official	O
standard	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
2010	O
the	O
specification	O
was	O
merged	O
into	O
the	O
main	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
DisplayPort1.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
(	O
mDP	O
)	O
connector	O
is	O
a	O
20-pin	O
single-orientation	O
connector	O
with	O
a	O
friction	O
lock	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mDP	O
pin	O
assignments	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
full-size	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pin	O
20	B-Application
on	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
,	O
called	O
DP_PWR	O
,	O
provides	O
3.3V	O
( ±10%	O
)	O
DC	O
power	O
at	O
up	O
to	O
500mA	O
(	O
minimum	O
power	O
delivery	O
of	O
1.5W	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
power	O
is	O
available	O
from	O
all	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
receptacles	O
,	O
on	O
both	O
source	O
and	O
display	B-Device
devices	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standard	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cable	O
connections	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
the	O
DP_PWR	O
pin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Connecting	O
the	O
DP_PWR	O
pins	O
of	O
two	O
devices	O
directly	O
together	O
through	O
a	O
cable	O
can	O
create	O
a	O
short	B-Application
circuit	I-Application
which	O
can	O
potentially	O
damage	O
devices	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
DP_PWR	O
pins	O
on	O
two	O
devices	O
are	O
unlikely	O
to	O
have	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
voltage	O
(	O
especially	O
with	O
a	O
±10%	O
tolerance	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
the	O
DisplayPort1.1	O
and	O
later	O
standards	O
specify	O
that	O
passive	O
DisplayPort-to-DisplayPort	O
cables	O
must	O
leave	O
pin	O
20	B-Application
unconnected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
2013	O
VESA	O
announced	O
that	O
after	O
investigating	O
reports	O
of	O
malfunctioning	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
devices	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
discovered	O
that	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
non-certified	O
vendors	O
were	O
manufacturing	O
their	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
with	O
the	O
DP_PWR	O
pin	O
connected	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
stipulation	O
that	O
the	O
DP_PWR	O
wire	O
be	O
omitted	O
from	O
standard	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
was	O
not	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
DisplayPort1.0	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
products	O
(	O
and	O
cables	O
)	O
did	O
not	O
begin	O
to	O
appear	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
until	O
2008	O
,	O
long	O
after	O
version	O
1.0	O
had	O
been	O
replaced	O
by	O
version	O
1.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
general	O
,	O
maximum	O
refresh	O
frequency	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
transmission	O
mode	O
(	O
RBR	O
,	O
HBR	O
,	O
HBR2	O
,	O
HBR3	O
,	O
UHBR	O
10	O
,	O
UHBR	O
13.5	O
,	O
or	O
UHBR	O
20	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
transmission	O
modes	O
were	O
introduced	O
to	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
transmission	O
mode	O
support	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
dictated	O
by	O
a	O
device	O
's	O
claimed	O
"	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
version	O
number	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
older	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Marketing	O
Guidelines	O
allowed	O
a	O
device	O
to	O
be	O
labeled	O
as	O
"	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
"	O
if	O
it	O
supported	O
the	O
MST	O
feature	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
support	O
the	O
HBR2	O
transmission	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newer	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
guidelines	O
have	O
removed	O
this	O
clause	O
,	O
and	O
currently	O
(	O
as	O
of	O
the	O
June	O
2018	O
revision	O
)	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
guidelines	O
on	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
version	O
numbers	O
in	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
"	O
version	O
numbers	O
"	O
are	O
therefore	O
not	O
a	O
reliable	O
indication	O
of	O
what	O
transmission	O
speeds	O
a	O
device	O
can	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
NVIDIA	B-General_Concept
Kepler	I-General_Concept
GK104	O
GPUs	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
GeForce	O
GTX	O
680	O
and	O
770	O
)	O
support	O
"	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
"	O
with	O
the	O
HBR2	O
transmission	O
mode	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
limited	O
to	O
540Mpx/s	O
,	O
only	O
of	O
the	O
maximum	O
possible	O
with	O
HBR2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
support	O
a	O
particular	O
format	O
,	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
display	B-Device
devices	I-Device
must	O
both	O
support	O
the	O
required	O
transmission	O
mode	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cable	O
must	O
also	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
handling	O
the	O
required	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
that	O
transmission	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
UHBR	O
modes	O
,	O
the	O
limits	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
data	O
efficiency	O
calculations	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
calculations	O
assume	O
uncompressed	O
RGB	O
video	O
with	O
CVT-RB	B-General_Concept
v2	I-General_Concept
timing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Display	O
manufacturers	O
may	O
also	O
use	O
non-standard	O
blanking	O
intervals	O
rather	O
than	O
CVT-RB	B-General_Concept
v2	I-General_Concept
to	O
achieve	O
even	O
higher	O
frequencies	O
when	O
bandwidth	O
is	O
a	O
constraint	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
minimum	O
blanking	O
intervals	O
(	O
and	O
therefore	O
the	O
exact	O
maximum	O
frequency	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
)	O
will	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
display	O
and	O
how	O
many	O
secondary	O
data	B-Protocol
packets	I-Protocol
it	O
requires	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
will	O
differ	O
from	O
model	O
to	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
standard	O
color	O
depth	O
used	O
on	O
most	O
computer	B-Device
displays	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
transmission	O
stage	O
,	O
this	O
information	O
has	O
already	O
been	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
primary	O
color	B-Algorithm
channels	I-Algorithm
,	O
so	O
the	O
actual	O
video	O
data	O
transmitted	O
across	O
the	O
cable	O
only	O
contains	O
24	O
bits	O
per	O
pixel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
color	O
depth	O
is	O
a	O
requirement	O
for	O
various	O
common	O
HDR	O
standards	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
HDR10	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDR	O
extensions	O
were	O
defined	O
in	O
version	O
1.4	O
of	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
displays	O
support	O
these	O
HDR	O
extensions	O
,	O
but	O
may	O
only	O
implement	O
HBR2	O
transmission	O
mode	O
if	O
the	O
extra	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
HBR3	O
is	O
unnecessary	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
on	O
4K	B-Device
60Hz	O
HDR	O
displays	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
definition	O
of	O
what	O
constitutes	O
a	O
"	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.4	O
"	O
device	O
,	O
some	O
manufacturers	O
may	O
choose	O
to	O
label	O
these	O
as	O
"	O
DP	O
1.2	O
"	O
devices	O
despite	O
their	O
support	O
for	O
DP	B-Protocol
1.4	I-Protocol
HDR	O
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
"	O
version	O
numbers	O
"	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
indicator	O
of	O
HDR	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Dual-Mode	O
(	O
DP++	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
called	O
Dual-Mode	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
,	O
is	O
a	O
standard	O
which	O
allows	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
sources	O
to	O
use	O
simple	O
passive	O
adapters	O
to	O
connect	O
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
or	O
DVI	B-Protocol
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dual-mode	O
is	O
an	O
optional	O
feature	O
,	O
so	O
not	O
all	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
sources	O
necessarily	O
support	O
DVI/HDMI	O
passive	O
adapters	O
,	O
though	O
in	O
practice	O
nearly	O
all	O
devices	O
do	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Devices	O
which	O
implement	O
dual-mode	O
will	O
detect	O
that	O
a	O
DVI	B-Protocol
or	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
adapter	O
is	O
attached	O
,	O
and	O
send	O
DVI/HDMI	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
signals	O
instead	O
of	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Dual-Mode	O
standard	O
(	O
version	O
1.0	O
)	O
,	O
used	O
in	O
DisplayPort1.1	O
devices	O
,	O
only	O
supported	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
clock	O
speeds	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
165MHz	O
(	O
4.95Gbit/s	O
bandwidth	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
VESA	O
released	O
the	O
Dual-Mode	O
1.1	O
standard	O
,	O
which	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
300MHz	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
clock	O
(	O
9.00Gbit/s	O
bandwidth	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
newer	O
DisplayPort1.2	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Limited	O
adapter	O
speed	O
Although	O
the	O
pinout	O
and	O
digital	O
signal	O
values	O
transmitted	O
by	O
the	O
DP	O
port	O
are	O
identical	O
to	O
a	O
native	O
DVI/HDMI	O
source	O
,	O
the	O
signals	O
are	O
transmitted	O
at	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
's	O
native	O
voltage	O
(	O
3.3V	O
)	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
5V	O
used	O
by	O
DVI	B-Protocol
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unidirectional	O
Although	O
the	O
dual-mode	O
standard	O
specifies	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
sources	O
to	O
output	O
DVI/HDMI	O
signals	O
using	O
simple	O
passive	O
adapters	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
counterpart	O
standard	O
to	O
give	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
displays	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
receive	O
DVI/HDMI	O
input	O
signals	O
through	O
passive	O
adapters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
displays	O
can	O
only	O
receive	O
native	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
signals	O
;	O
any	O
DVI	B-Protocol
or	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
input	O
signals	O
must	O
be	O
converted	O
to	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
format	O
with	O
an	O
active	O
conversion	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DVI	B-Protocol
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
sources	O
cannot	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
displays	O
using	O
passive	O
adapters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Single-link	O
DVI	B-Protocol
only	O
Since	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
dual-mode	O
operates	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
pins	O
of	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
to	O
send	O
DVI/HDMI	O
signals	O
,	O
the	O
20-pin	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
can	O
only	O
produce	O
a	O
single-link	O
DVI	B-Protocol
signal	O
(	O
which	O
uses	O
19	O
pins	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
dual-link	B-Protocol
DVI	I-Protocol
signal	O
uses	O
25	O
pins	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
therefore	O
impossible	O
to	O
transmit	O
natively	O
from	O
a	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
through	O
a	O
passive	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dual-link	B-Protocol
DVI	I-Protocol
signals	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
produced	O
by	O
converting	O
from	O
native	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
output	O
signals	O
with	O
an	O
active	O
conversion	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unavailable	O
on	O
USB-C	O
The	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
specification	O
for	O
sending	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
signals	O
over	O
a	O
USB-C	O
cable	O
does	O
not	O
include	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
dual-mode	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
DP-to-DVI	O
and	O
DP-to-HDMI	O
passive	O
adapters	O
do	O
not	O
function	O
when	O
chained	O
from	O
a	O
USB-C	O
to	O
DP	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
multiple	O
independent	O
displays	O
to	O
be	O
driven	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
DP	O
port	O
on	O
the	O
source	O
devices	O
by	O
multiplexing	B-Architecture
several	O
video	O
streams	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
stream	O
and	O
sending	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
branch	O
device	O
,	O
which	O
demultiplexes	B-Architecture
the	O
signal	O
into	O
the	O
original	O
streams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Daisy-chaining	O
requires	O
a	O
dedicated	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
output	O
port	O
on	O
the	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standard	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
input	O
ports	O
found	O
on	O
most	O
displays	O
cannot	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
daisy-chain	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort1.1	O
displays	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
MST	O
hubs	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
daisy-chain	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
last	O
display	O
in	O
the	O
chain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
environments	O
have	O
full	O
support	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
Apple	O
operating	O
systems	O
currently	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
MST	O
hubs	O
or	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
daisy-chaining	O
as	O
of	O
macOS	O
10.15	O
(	O
"	O
Catalina	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort-to-DVI	O
and	O
DisplayPort-to-HDMI	O
adapters/cables	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
function	O
from	O
an	O
MST	O
output	O
port	O
;	O
support	O
for	O
this	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
specific	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MST	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
USB	B-Protocol
Type-C	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
,	O
so	O
standard	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
daisy-chains	O
and	O
MST	O
hubs	O
do	O
function	O
from	O
Type-C	O
sources	O
with	O
a	O
simple	O
Type-C	O
to	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
implements	O
the	O
CTA	O
861.3	O
standard	O
for	O
transport	O
of	O
static	O
HDR	O
metadata	O
in	O
EDID	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort1.0	O
includes	O
optional	O
DPCP	O
(	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Content	O
Protection	O
)	O
from	O
Philips	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
128-bit	O
AES	B-Algorithm
encryption	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort1.1	O
added	O
optional	O
implementation	O
of	O
industry-standard	O
56-bit	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
(	O
High-bandwidth	B-Protocol
Digital	I-Protocol
Content	I-Protocol
Protection	I-Protocol
)	O
revision	O
1.3	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
separate	O
licensing	O
from	O
the	O
Digital	O
Content	O
Protection	O
LLC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort1.3	B-Protocol
added	O
support	O
for	O
HDCP2.2	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
by	O
HDMI2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VESA	O
,	O
the	O
creators	O
of	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
,	O
state	O
that	O
the	O
standard	O
is	O
royalty-free	O
to	O
implement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
March	O
2015	O
,	O
MPEG	O
LA	O
issued	O
a	O
press	O
release	O
stating	O
that	O
a	O
royalty	O
rate	O
of	O
$0.20	O
per	O
unit	O
applies	O
to	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
products	O
manufactured	O
or	O
sold	O
in	O
countries	O
that	O
are	O
covered	O
by	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
patents	O
in	O
the	O
MPEG	O
LA	O
license	O
pool	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
patents	O
from	O
Hitachi	O
Maxell	O
,	O
Philips	O
,	O
Lattice	O
Semiconductor	O
,	O
Rambus	O
,	O
and	O
Sony	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
,	O
VESA	O
updated	O
their	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
FAQ	O
page	O
with	O
the	O
following	O
statement	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
minimum	O
cost	O
is	O
presently	O
$	O
5,000	O
(	O
or	O
$	O
10,000	O
depending	O
on	O
Annual	O
Corporate	O
Sales	O
Revenue	O
)	O
annually	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2010	O
,	O
several	O
computer	O
vendors	O
and	O
display	O
makers	O
including	O
Intel	O
,	O
AMD	O
,	O
Dell	O
,	O
Lenovo	O
,	O
Samsung	O
and	O
LG	O
announced	O
they	O
would	O
begin	O
phasing	O
out	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
,	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
DVI-I	B-Protocol
over	O
the	O
next	O
few	O
years	O
,	O
replacing	O
them	O
with	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
has	O
several	O
advantages	O
over	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
DVI	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
High-speed	O
auxiliary	O
channel	O
for	O
DDC	O
,	O
EDID	B-General_Concept
,	O
MCCS	O
,	O
DPMS	B-General_Concept
,	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
,	O
adapter	O
identification	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
transmitting	O
bi-directional	O
USB	B-Protocol
,	O
touch-panel	O
data	O
,	O
CEC	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
has	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
functionality	O
as	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
complementary	O
connection	O
used	O
in	O
different	O
scenarios	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
dual-mode	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
port	O
can	O
emit	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
signal	O
via	O
a	O
passive	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2008	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Licensing	O
,	O
LLC	O
charged	O
an	O
annual	O
fee	O
of	O
US$	O
10,000	O
to	O
each	O
high-volume	O
manufacturer	O
and	O
a	O
per-unit	O
royalty	O
rate	O
of	O
US	O
$0.04	O
to	O
US	O
$0.15	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
is	O
royalty-free	O
,	O
but	O
implementers	O
thereof	O
are	O
not	O
prevented	O
from	O
charging	O
(	O
royalty	O
or	O
otherwise	O
)	O
for	O
that	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
has	O
more	O
bandwidth	O
at	O
21.6Gbit/s	O
(	O
17.28Gbit/s	O
with	O
overhead	O
removed	O
)	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
'	O
s	O
18Gbit/s	O
(	O
14.4Gbit/s	O
with	O
overhead	O
removed	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.3	I-Protocol
raises	O
that	O
to	O
32.4Gbit/s	O
(	O
25.92Gbit/s	O
with	O
overhead	O
removed	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
raises	O
that	O
up	O
to	O
48Gbit/s	O
(	O
42.67Gbit/s	O
with	O
overhead	O
removed	O
)	O
,	O
adding	O
an	O
additional	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
link	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
clock	O
lane	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
also	O
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
share	O
this	O
bandwidth	O
with	O
multiple	O
streams	O
of	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
to	O
separate	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
has	O
historically	O
had	O
higher	O
bandwidth	O
than	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
standard	O
available	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
exception	O
is	O
from	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
(	O
2017	O
)	O
having	O
higher	O
transmission	O
bandwidth	O
@48Gbit	O
/s	O
than	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.3	I-Protocol
(	O
2014	O
)	O
@32	O
.4Gbit/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
2.0	O
(	O
2019	O
)	O
retook	O
transmission	O
bandwidth	O
superiority	O
@80	O
.0Gbit/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
in	O
native	O
mode	O
lacks	O
some	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
features	O
such	O
as	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Control	O
(	O
CEC	O
)	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.3	I-Protocol
added	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
transmitting	O
CEC	O
commands	O
over	O
the	O
AUX	O
channel	O
From	O
its	O
very	O
first	O
version	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
features	O
CEC	O
to	O
support	O
connecting	O
multiple	O
sources	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
display	O
as	O
is	O
typical	O
for	O
a	O
TV	B-Device
screen	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
reflects	O
the	O
facts	O
that	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
originated	O
from	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
companies	O
whereas	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
is	O
owned	O
by	O
VESA	O
which	O
started	O
as	O
an	O
organization	O
for	O
computer	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
can	O
accept	O
longer	O
maximum	O
cable	O
length	O
than	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
(	O
30	B-Application
meters	O
vs	O
15	O
meters	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
uses	O
unique	O
Vendor-Specific	O
Block	O
structure	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
for	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
additional	O
color	O
spaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
these	O
features	O
can	O
be	O
defined	O
by	O
CEA	O
EDID	B-General_Concept
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
and	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
have	O
published	O
specification	O
for	O
transmitting	O
their	O
signal	O
over	O
the	O
USB-C	O
connector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Figures	O
from	O
IDC	O
show	O
that	O
5.1	O
%	O
of	O
commercial	O
desktops	O
and	O
2.1	O
%	O
of	O
commercial	O
notebooks	B-Device
released	O
in	O
2009	O
featured	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
factor	O
behind	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
phase-out	O
of	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
that	O
both	O
Intel	O
and	O
AMD	O
planned	O
to	O
stop	O
building	O
products	O
with	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
by	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nearly	O
70%	O
of	O
LCD	O
monitors	O
sold	O
in	O
August	O
2014	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
UK	O
,	O
Germany	O
,	O
Japan	O
,	O
and	O
China	O
were	O
equipped	O
with	O
HDMI/DisplayPort	O
technology	O
,	O
up	O
7.5	O
%	O
on	O
the	O
year	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Digitimes	O
Research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IHS	O
Markit	O
,	O
an	O
analytics	O
firm	O
,	O
forecast	O
that	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
would	O
surpass	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
in	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
(	O
mDP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
standard	O
announced	O
by	O
Apple	O
in	O
the	O
fourth	O
quarter	O
of	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
after	O
announcing	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
license	O
the	O
connector	O
technology	O
with	O
no	O
fee	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
year	O
,	O
in	O
early	O
2009	O
,	O
VESA	O
announced	O
that	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
would	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
upcoming	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
24	O
February	O
2011	O
,	O
Apple	O
and	O
Intel	O
announced	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
,	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
which	O
adds	O
support	O
for	O
PCI	O
Express	O
data	O
connections	O
while	O
maintaining	O
backwards	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
with	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
based	O
peripherals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Micro	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
would	O
have	O
targeted	O
systems	O
that	O
need	O
ultra-compact	O
connectors	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
phones	O
,	O
tablets	O
and	O
ultra-portable	O
notebook	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
standard	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
physically	O
smaller	O
than	O
the	O
currently	O
available	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
connectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
for	O
controller-less	O
monitors	O
where	O
the	O
display	O
panel	O
is	O
directly	O
driven	O
by	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
signal	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
available	O
resolutions	O
and	O
color	O
depth	O
are	O
limited	O
to	O
two-lane	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Embedded	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
(	O
eDP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
display	O
panel	O
interface	O
standard	O
for	O
portable	O
and	O
embedded	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
various	O
revisions	O
of	O
eDP	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
existing	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
eDP	O
version	O
1.4	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
,	O
while	O
eDP	O
version	O
1.4a	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.3	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
practice	O
,	O
embedded	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
has	O
displaced	O
LVDS	B-Architecture
as	O
the	O
predominant	O
panel	O
interface	O
in	O
modern	O
laptops	B-Device
and	O
modern	O
smartphones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
1.2	O
was	O
approved	O
in	O
May	O
2010	O
and	O
includes	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
HBR2	O
data	O
rates	O
,	O
120Hz	O
sequential	B-General_Concept
color	I-General_Concept
monitors	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
display	O
panel	O
control	O
protocol	O
that	O
works	O
through	O
the	O
AUX	O
channel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PSR	O
mode	O
allows	O
the	O
GPU	O
to	O
enter	O
a	O
power	O
saving	O
state	O
in	O
between	O
frame	O
updates	O
by	O
including	O
framebuffer	B-Algorithm
memory	O
in	O
the	O
display	O
panel	O
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
1.4a	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
February	O
2015	O
;	O
the	O
underlying	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
version	O
was	O
updated	O
to	O
1.3	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
support	O
HBR3	O
data	O
rates	O
,	O
Display	O
Stream	O
Compression	O
1.1	O
,	O
Segmented	O
Panel	O
Displays	O
,	O
and	O
partial	O
updates	O
for	O
Panel	O
Self-Refresh	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
1.5	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
October	O
2021	O
;	O
adds	O
new	O
features	O
and	O
protocols	O
,	O
including	O
enhanced	O
support	O
for	O
Adaptive-Sync	O
,	O
that	O
provide	O
additional	O
power	O
savings	O
and	O
improved	O
gaming	O
and	O
media	O
playback	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internal	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
(	O
iDP	O
)	O
1.0	O
was	O
approved	O
in	O
April	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
iDP	O
standard	O
defines	O
an	O
internal	O
link	O
between	O
a	O
digital	O
TV	O
system	B-Architecture
on	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
chip	I-Architecture
controller	O
and	O
the	O
display	O
panel	O
's	O
timing	O
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
aims	O
to	O
replace	O
currently	O
used	O
internal	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
lanes	O
with	O
a	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iDP	O
features	O
a	O
unique	O
physical	O
interface	O
and	O
protocols	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
directly	O
compatible	O
with	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
and	O
are	O
not	O
applicable	O
to	O
external	O
connection	O
,	O
however	O
they	O
enable	O
very	O
high	O
resolution	O
and	O
refresh	O
rates	O
while	O
providing	O
simplicity	O
and	O
extensibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iDP	O
features	O
a	O
non-variable	O
2.7GHz	O
clock	O
and	O
is	O
nominally	O
rated	O
at	O
3.24Gbit/s	O
per	O
lane	O
,	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
sixteen	O
lanes	O
in	O
a	O
bank	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
six-fold	O
decrease	O
in	O
wiring	O
requirements	O
over	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
for	O
a	O
1080p24	O
signal	O
;	O
other	O
data	O
rates	O
are	O
also	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iDP	O
was	O
built	O
with	O
simplicity	O
in	O
mind	O
so	O
does	O
n't	O
have	O
an	O
AUX	O
channel	O
,	O
content	O
protection	O
,	O
or	O
multiple	O
streams	O
;	O
it	O
does	O
however	O
have	O
frame	O
sequential	O
and	O
line	O
interleaved	O
stereo	B-Algorithm
3D	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Portable	O
Digital	O
Media	O
Interface	O
(	O
PDMI	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
an	O
interconnection	O
between	O
docking	O
stations/display	O
devices	O
and	O
portable	O
media	O
players	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
2-lane	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
v1.1a	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wireless	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
(	O
wDP	O
)	O
enables	O
the	O
bandwidth	O
and	O
feature	O
set	O
of	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
for	O
cable-free	O
applications	O
operating	O
in	O
the	O
60GHz	O
radio	O
band	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
November	O
2010	O
by	O
WiGig	B-General_Concept
Alliance	I-General_Concept
and	O
VESA	O
as	O
a	O
cooperative	O
effort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SlimPort	O
,	O
a	O
brand	O
of	O
Analogix	O
products	O
,	O
complies	O
with	O
Mobility	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
MyDP	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
industry	O
standard	O
for	O
a	O
mobile	O
audio/video	O
Interface	O
,	O
providing	O
connectivity	O
from	O
mobile	O
devices	O
to	O
external	O
displays	O
and	O
HDTVs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SlimPort	O
implements	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
video	O
up	O
to	O
4K-UltraHD	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
eight	O
channels	O
of	O
audio	O
over	O
the	O
micro-USB	O
connector	O
to	O
an	O
external	O
converter	O
accessory	O
or	O
display	B-Device
device	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
SlimPort	O
products	O
support	O
seamless	O
connectivity	O
to	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
and	O
VGA	B-Protocol
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MyDP	O
standard	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
June	O
2012	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
product	O
to	O
use	O
SlimPort	O
was	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Nexus	B-Device
4	I-Device
smartphone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
LG	O
smartphones	O
in	O
LG	B-Application
G	I-Application
series	I-Application
also	O
adopted	O
SlimPort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SlimPort	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
Mobile	B-Protocol
High-Definition	I-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
(	O
MHL	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayID	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
E-EDID	B-General_Concept
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayID	O
features	O
variable-length	O
structures	O
which	O
encompass	O
all	O
existing	O
EDID	B-General_Concept
extensions	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
new	O
extensions	O
for	O
3D	B-Algorithm
displays	I-Algorithm
and	O
embedded	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
December	O
2013	O
,	O
many	O
current	O
4K	B-Architecture
displays	I-Architecture
use	O
a	O
tiled	O
topology	O
,	O
but	O
lack	O
a	O
standard	O
way	O
to	O
report	O
to	O
the	O
video	O
source	O
which	O
tile	O
is	O
left	O
and	O
which	O
is	O
right	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
early	O
4K	B-Architecture
displays	I-Architecture
,	O
for	O
manufacturing	O
reasons	O
,	O
typically	O
use	O
two	O
1920×2160	O
panels	O
laminated	O
together	O
and	O
are	O
currently	O
generally	O
treated	O
as	O
multiple-monitor	O
setups	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayID	O
1.3	O
also	O
allows	O
8K	O
display	O
discovery	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
applications	O
in	O
stereo	B-Algorithm
3D	I-Algorithm
,	O
where	O
multiple	O
video	O
streams	O
are	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DockPort	O
,	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
Lightning	O
Bolt	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
to	O
include	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.0	O
data	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
power	O
for	O
charging	O
portable	O
devices	O
from	O
attached	O
external	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
22	O
September	O
2014	O
,	O
VESA	O
published	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
on	O
USB	B-Protocol
Type-C	O
Connector	O
Standard	O
,	O
a	O
specification	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
send	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
signals	O
over	O
the	O
newly	O
released	O
USB-C	O
connector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
,	O
two	O
or	O
all	O
four	O
of	O
the	O
differential	O
pairs	O
that	O
USB	B-Protocol
uses	O
for	O
the	O
SuperSpeed	O
bus	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
dynamically	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
lanes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
AUX	O
channel	O
is	O
also	O
supported	O
over	O
the	O
two	O
sideband	O
signals	O
over	O
the	O
same	O
connection	O
;	O
furthermore	O
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
Power	O
Delivery	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
newly	O
expanded	O
USB-PD	O
2.0	O
specification	O
is	O
possible	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
makes	O
the	O
Type-C	O
connector	O
a	O
strict	O
superset	O
of	O
the	O
use-cases	O
envisioned	O
for	O
DockPort	O
,	O
SlimPort	O
,	O
Mini	O
and	O
Micro	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
VirtualLink	O
is	O
a	O
proposal	O
that	O
allows	O
the	O
power	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
required	O
to	O
drive	O
virtual	O
reality	O
headsets	O
to	O
be	O
delivered	O
over	O
a	O
single	O
USB-C	O
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
its	O
introduction	O
in	O
2006	O
,	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
has	O
gained	O
popularity	O
within	O
the	O
computer	O
industry	O
and	O
is	O
featured	O
on	O
many	O
graphic	O
cards	O
,	O
displays	O
,	O
and	O
notebook	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dell	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
company	O
to	O
introduce	O
a	O
consumer	O
product	O
with	O
a	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
,	O
the	O
Dell	O
UltraSharp	O
3008WFP	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
Apple	O
introduced	O
several	O
products	O
featuring	O
a	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
connector	O
proprietary	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
eventually	O
became	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
,	O
however	O
Apple	O
reserves	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
void	O
the	O
license	O
should	O
the	O
licensee	O
"	O
commence	O
an	O
action	O
for	O
patent	O
infringement	O
against	O
Apple	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
AMD	O
followed	O
suit	O
with	O
their	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
5000	O
Series	O
of	O
graphics	O
cards	O
,	O
which	O
featured	O
the	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
on	O
the	O
Eyefinity	O
versions	O
in	O
the	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nvidia	O
launched	O
NVS	O
810	O
with	O
8	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
outputs	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
card	O
on	O
4	O
November	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nvidia	O
revealed	O
the	O
GeForce	B-Device
GTX	I-Device
1080	I-Device
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
graphics	O
card	O
with	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.4	O
support	O
on	O
6	O
May	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Radeon	O
RX	O
400	O
Series	O
will	O
support	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.3	I-Protocol
HBR	O
and	O
HDR10	B-Device
,	O
dropping	O
the	O
DVI	O
connector(s )	O
in	O
the	O
reference	O
board	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2017	O
,	O
VESA	O
and	O
Qualcomm	O
announced	O
that	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Alt	O
Mode	O
video	O
transport	O
will	O
be	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
Snapdragon	B-Architecture
835	O
mobile	O
chipset	O
,	O
which	O
powers	O
smartphones	O
,	O
VR/AR	O
head-mounted	O
displays	O
,	O
IP	O
cameras	O
,	O
tablets	O
and	O
mobile	O
PCs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
,	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
is	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
implemented	O
alternate	O
mode	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
video	O
output	O
on	O
devices	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
standard-size	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
or	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
ports	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
smartphones	O
,	O
tablets	O
,	O
and	O
laptops	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
USB-C	O
multiport	O
adapter	O
converts	O
the	O
device	O
's	O
native	O
video	O
stream	O
to	O
DisplayPort/HDMI/VGA	O
,	O
allowing	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
displayed	O
on	O
an	O
external	O
display	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
television	O
set	O
or	O
computer	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
devices	O
that	O
support	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
over	O
USB-C	O
include	O
:	O
MacBook	B-Device
,	O
Chromebook	B-Device
Pixel	I-Device
,	O
Surface	B-Device
Book	I-Device
2	I-Device
,	O
Samsung	B-Device
Galaxy	I-Device
Tab	I-Device
S4	I-Device
,	O
iPad	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
3rd	O
generation	O
)	O
,	O
HTC	O
10/U	O
Ultra/U11/U12	O
+	O
,	O
Huawei	O
Mate	O
10/20/30	O
,	O
LG	O
V20/V30/V40	O
*	O
/V50	O
,	O
OnePlus	B-Application
7	I-Application
and	O
newer	O
,	O
ROG	B-Application
Phone	I-Application
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
Galaxy	I-Application
S8	I-Application
and	O
newer	O
,	O
Sony	O
Xperia	O
1/5	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
companies	O
have	O
participated	O
in	O
preparing	O
the	O
drafts	O
of	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
,	O
eDP	O
,	O
iDP	O
,	O
DDM	O
or	O
DSC	O
standards	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
companies	O
have	O
additionally	O
announced	O
their	O
intention	O
to	O
implement	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
,	O
eDP	O
or	O
iDP	O
:	O
</s>
