<s>
Dired	B-Operating_System
(	O
for	O
Directory	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
a	O
computer	B-Application
program	I-Application
for	O
editing	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
directories	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
typically	O
runs	O
inside	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Application
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
as	O
a	O
specialized	O
mode	O
,	O
though	O
standalone	O
versions	O
have	O
been	O
written	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dired	B-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
or	O
visual	O
editor	O
of	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
Dired	B-Operating_System
was	O
written	O
as	O
a	O
stand-alone	O
program	O
independently	O
in	O
1972	O
by	O
Dave	O
Lebling	O
at	O
Project	O
MAC	O
,	O
and	O
circa	O
1974	O
by	O
Stan	O
Kugell	O
at	O
the	O
Stanford	O
Artificial	O
Intelligence	O
Laboratory	O
(	O
SAIL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
incorporated	O
into	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
from	O
the	O
earliest	O
versions	O
,	O
and	O
re-implemented	O
in	O
C	B-Language
and	O
C++	B-Language
on	O
other	O
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
run	O
in	O
Emacs	B-Application
,	O
dired	B-Operating_System
displays	O
an	O
ls-like	O
file	O
listing	O
in	O
an	O
Emacs	B-Application
buffer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
scripts	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
extend	O
Dired	B-Operating_System
in	O
Emacs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
combination	O
with	O
Tramp	O
it	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
access	O
remote	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
for	O
editing	O
files	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
SSH	B-Protocol
,	O
FTP	B-Protocol
,	O
telnet	B-Protocol
and	O
many	O
other	O
protocols	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
accessing	O
local	O
files	O
as	O
another	O
user	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
session	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
functions	O
that	O
make	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
rename	O
multiple	O
files	O
via	O
Emacs	B-Application
search	O
and	O
replace	O
capabilities	O
or	O
apply	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
for	O
marking	O
(	O
selecting	O
)	O
multiple	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
marked	O
,	O
files	O
can	O
be	O
operated	O
on	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
from	O
deleting	O
,	O
to	O
renaming	O
,	O
to	O
executing	O
an	O
external	O
shell	O
command	O
or	O
elisp	B-Operating_System
function	O
on	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
means	O
of	O
the	O
Lisp	O
package	O
dired-x	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
possible	O
to	O
handle	O
existing	O
ls-like	O
directory	B-Application
listings	O
in	O
a	O
virtual	O
Dired	B-Operating_System
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
saved	O
again	O
,	O
often	O
using	O
the	O
filename	O
extension	O
dired	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
