<s>
Digital	B-General_Concept
empathy	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
principles	O
of	O
empathy	B-Language
compassion	O
,	O
cognition	O
,	O
and	O
emotion	O
into	O
technical	O
designs	O
to	O
enhance	O
user	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Friesem	O
(	O
2016	O
)	O
,	O
digital	B-General_Concept
empathy	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
cognitive	O
and	O
emotional	O
ability	O
to	O
be	O
reflective	O
and	O
socially	O
responsible	O
while	O
strategically	O
using	O
digital	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Digital	B-General_Concept
empathy	I-General_Concept
finds	O
its	O
roots	O
in	O
empathy	B-Language
,	O
a	O
human	O
behaviour	O
explained	O
by	O
cognitive	O
and	O
behavioral	O
neuroscientists	O
as	O
,	O
“	O
a	O
multifaceted	O
construct	O
used	O
to	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
share	O
and	O
understand	O
the	O
thoughts	O
and	O
feelings	O
of	O
others.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
neurological	O
basis	O
for	O
empathy	B-Language
lies	O
in	O
mirror	O
neurons	O
,	O
where	O
perception	O
and	O
imitation	O
facilitate	O
empathy	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
centre	O
of	O
empathy	B-Language
creation	O
is	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
communication	O
became	O
increasingly	O
online	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
rapid	O
adoption	O
of	O
digital	O
communications	B-General_Concept
technology	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
through	O
the	O
2000s	O
,	O
society	O
’s	O
communication	O
patterns	O
altered	O
rapidly	O
,	O
both	O
positively	O
and	O
negatively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
observed	O
and	O
researched	O
that	O
digital	O
conversations	O
threaten	O
the	O
appropriate	O
expression	O
of	O
empathy	B-Language
,	O
largely	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
“	O
online	O
disinhibition	O
effect	O
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Increasingly	O
online	O
communication	O
patterns	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
associated	O
phenomenon	O
of	O
online	O
disinhibition	O
,	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
research	O
on	O
"	O
digital	B-General_Concept
empathy	I-General_Concept
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Christopher	O
Terry	O
and	O
Cain	O
(	O
2015	O
)	O
in	O
their	O
research	O
paper	O
“	O
The	O
Emerging	O
Issue	O
of	O
Digital	B-General_Concept
Empathy	I-General_Concept
”	O
define	O
digital	B-General_Concept
empathy	I-General_Concept
as	O
the	O
“	O
traditional	O
empathic	O
characteristics	O
such	O
as	O
concern	O
and	O
caring	O
for	O
others	O
expressed	O
through	O
computer-mediated	O
communications.	O
”	O
Yonty	O
Friesem	O
(	O
2016	O
)	O
wrote	O
that	O
“	O
digital	B-General_Concept
empathy	I-General_Concept
seeks	O
to	O
expand	O
our	O
thinking	O
about	O
traditional	O
empathy	B-Language
phenomena	O
into	O
the	O
digital	O
arena.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
handbook	O
of	O
research	O
on	O
media	O
literacy	O
in	O
the	O
digital	O
age	O
,	O
Friesem	O
(	O
2015	O
)	O
further	O
elaborates	O
on	O
this	O
concept	O
by	O
stating	O
that	O
,	O
“	O
digital	B-General_Concept
empathy	I-General_Concept
explores	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
analyze	O
and	O
evaluate	O
another	O
’s	O
internal	O
state	O
(	O
empathy	B-Language
accuracy	O
)	O
,	O
have	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
identity	O
and	O
agency	O
(	O
self-empathy	O
)	O
,	O
recognize	O
,	O
understand	O
and	O
predict	O
other	O
’s	O
thoughts	O
and	O
emotions	O
(	O
cognitive	O
empathy	B-Language
)	O
,	O
feel	O
what	O
others	O
feel	O
(	O
affective	O
empathy	B-Language
)	O
,	O
role	O
play	O
(	O
imaginative	O
empathy	B-Language
)	O
,	O
and	O
be	O
compassionate	O
to	O
others	O
(	O
empathic	O
concern	O
)	O
via	O
digital	O
media.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Digital	B-General_Concept
empathy	I-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
in	O
DEX	O
(	O
Digital	O
employee	O
experience	O
)	O
,	O
healthcare	O
and	O
education	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Nina	O
Margarita	O
Gonzalez	O
,	O
digitally	O
empathetic	O
tools	O
in	O
healthcare	O
should	O
meet	O
these	O
conditions	O
of	O
physician	O
empathy	B-Language
by	O
designing	O
empathetic	O
tools	O
through	O
3	O
key	O
steps	O
:	O
understand	O
,	O
check	O
,	O
and	O
act	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
ensuring	O
that	O
the	O
digital	O
tool	O
understands	O
the	O
patient	O
experience	O
,	O
the	O
tool	O
can	O
act	O
through	O
“	O
automated	O
empathy	B-Language
”	O
to	O
provide	O
validating	O
statements	O
or	O
tips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
health	O
communications	B-General_Concept
technology	I-General_Concept
and	O
telehealth	O
makes	O
clear	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
medical	O
practitioners	O
to	O
recognize	O
and	O
adapt	O
to	O
online	O
disinhibition	O
and	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
nonverbal	O
cues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
University	O
of	O
the	O
Highlands	O
and	O
Islands	O
Experience	O
Lab	O
completed	O
a	O
study	O
on	O
empathy	B-Language
in	O
video	O
conferencing	O
consultations	O
with	O
diabetes	O
patients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
found	O
that	O
many	O
factors	O
impact	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
perceived	O
empathy	B-Language
in	O
a	O
video	O
conferencing	O
consultation	O
,	O
including	O
clarity	O
of	O
verbal	O
communication	O
,	O
choice	O
in	O
pathways	O
of	O
care	O
,	O
and	O
preparation	O
and	O
access	O
to	O
information	O
before	O
the	O
consultation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Given	O
the	O
particular	O
challenge	O
that	O
the	O
online	O
disinhibition	O
effect	O
poses	O
to	O
telehealth	O
or	O
other	O
digital	O
health	O
communications	O
,	O
Terry	O
and	O
Cain	O
suggest	O
that	O
,	O
for	O
physicians	O
to	O
effectively	O
communicate	O
empathy	B-Language
through	O
digitally-mediated	O
interactions	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
be	O
taught	O
traditional	O
empathy	B-Language
more	O
broadly	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
foundational	O
principles	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
education	O
,	O
researchers	O
are	O
often	O
concerned	O
with	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
digital	O
technologies	O
to	O
teach	O
empathy	B-Language
and	O
how	O
to	O
teach	O
students	O
to	O
be	O
empathetic	O
when	O
using	O
digital	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
“	O
Empathy	B-Language
for	O
the	O
Digital	O
Age	O
”	O
,	O
Yonty	O
Friesem	O
(	O
2016	O
)	O
found	O
that	O
empathy	B-Language
can	O
be	O
taught	O
to	O
youth	O
through	O
video	O
production	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
students	O
experienced	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
empathy	B-Language
after	O
writing	O
,	O
producing	O
,	O
creating	O
,	O
and	O
screening	O
their	O
videos	O
in	O
a	O
project	O
designed	O
to	O
foster	O
empathy	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cheryl	O
Wei-yu	O
Chen	O
similarly	O
found	O
that	O
video	O
projects	O
can	O
help	O
youth	O
develop	O
awareness	O
of	O
empathy	B-Language
in	O
digitally-mediated	O
interactions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
their	O
research	O
,	O
Friesem	O
and	O
Greene	O
(	O
2020	O
)	O
used	O
digital	B-General_Concept
empathy	I-General_Concept
to	O
promote	O
digital	O
and	O
media	O
literacy	O
skills	O
of	O
foster	O
youth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Practicing	O
cognitive	O
,	O
emotional	O
and	O
social	O
empathy	B-Language
through	O
digital	O
media	O
have	O
been	O
effective	O
to	O
support	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
academic	O
skills	O
of	O
the	O
foster	O
youth	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
their	O
well	O
being	O
,	O
sense	O
of	O
belonging	O
and	O
media	O
literacy	O
skills	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
important	O
practice	O
of	O
digital	O
literacy	O
and	O
media	O
education	O
,	O
digital	B-General_Concept
empathy	I-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
inclusive	O
and	O
collaborative	O
experience	O
as	O
students	O
learn	O
to	O
produce	O
their	O
own	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DEX	O
market	O
leaders	O
1E	O
use	O
concepts	O
of	O
Digital	B-General_Concept
Empathy	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
their	O
DEX	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
describe	O
Digital	B-General_Concept
Empathy	I-General_Concept
as	O
the	O
solution	O
to	O
"	O
IT	O
Friction	O
"	O
which	O
occurs	O
when	O
devices	O
,	O
applications	O
and	O
systems	O
do	O
not	O
work	O
or	O
react	O
as	O
users	O
expect	O
them	O
to	O
,	O
causing	O
user	O
frustration	O
,	O
increasing	O
IT	O
costs	O
and	O
loss	O
of	O
productivity	O
.	O
</s>
