<s>
Digital	B-Application
Negative	I-Application
(	O
DNG	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
patented	O
,	O
open	O
,	O
lossless	B-Algorithm
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
format	I-Application
developed	O
by	O
Adobe	O
and	O
used	O
for	O
digital	B-Application
photography	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
launch	O
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
DNG	O
specification	O
,	O
plus	O
various	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
free-of-charge	O
DNG	B-Application
converter	I-Application
utility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
Adobe	O
photo	O
manipulation	O
software	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Photoshop	I-Operating_System
and	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Lightroom	I-Operating_System
)	O
released	O
since	O
the	O
launch	O
supports	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
states	O
that	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
camera-brand-specific	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
,	O
it	O
introduced	O
DNG	O
as	O
a	O
standardized	O
and	O
backward-compatible	O
universal	O
file	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Assessment	O
:	O
The	O
US	O
Library	O
of	O
Congress	O
states	O
that	O
DNG	O
is	O
a	O
recommended	O
alternative	O
to	O
other	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
:	O
"	O
Less	O
desirable	O
file	O
formats	O
:	O
RAW	B-Application
;	O
Suggested	O
alternatives	O
:	O
TIFF_UNC	O
,	O
JP2_J2K_C_LL	O
,	O
DNG	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Digital	B-Application
Photography	I-Application
Best	O
Practices	O
and	O
Workflow	O
(	O
dpBestflow	O
)	O
project	O
,	O
funded	O
by	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Library	O
of	O
Congress	O
and	O
run	O
by	O
the	O
American	O
Society	O
of	O
Media	O
Photographers	O
(	O
ASMP	O
)	O
,	O
singles	O
out	O
DNG	O
,	O
and	O
states	O
"	O
DNG	B-Application
files	I-Application
have	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
significantly	O
more	O
useful	O
than	O
the	O
proprietary	O
raw	B-Application
files	I-Application
in	O
our	O
workflow	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Assessment	O
:	O
Software	O
could	O
support	O
raw	B-Application
formats	I-Application
without	O
DNG	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
reverse	O
engineering	O
and/or	O
dcraw	B-Algorithm
;	O
DNG	O
makes	O
it	O
easier	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
software	O
products	O
can	O
handle	O
,	O
via	O
DNG	O
,	O
images	O
from	O
cameras	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
no	O
specific	O
knowledge	O
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
unresolved	O
restriction	O
is	O
that	O
any	O
edit/development	O
settings	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
by	O
a	O
software	O
product	O
are	O
unlikely	O
to	O
be	O
recognized	O
by	O
a	O
product	O
from	O
a	O
different	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In-camera	O
use	O
by	O
camera	O
manufacturers	O
:	O
to	O
be	O
suitable	O
for	O
many	O
camera	O
manufacturers	O
to	O
use	O
as	O
a	O
native	O
or	O
optional	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
format	I-Application
in	O
many	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
for	O
more	O
than	O
230	O
camera	O
models	O
can	O
be	O
converted	O
to	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-vendor	O
interoperability	O
:	O
to	O
be	O
suitable	O
for	O
workflows	O
where	O
different	O
hardware	O
and	O
software	O
components	O
share	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
files	I-Application
and/or	O
transmit	O
and	O
receive	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Self-contained	O
file	O
format	O
:	O
a	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
contains	O
both	O
the	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
data	O
and	O
metadata	O
needed	O
to	O
render	O
an	O
image	O
without	O
needing	O
additional	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
camera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Freely-available	O
source-code-based	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kit	I-Application
(	O
SDK	O
)	O
:	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
SDK	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
source-code-based	O
(	O
as	O
can	O
be	O
verified	O
by	O
examination	O
)	O
;	O
and	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
downloaded	O
from	O
the	O
Adobe	O
website	O
without	O
needing	O
justification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Documented	O
to	O
have	O
no	O
known	O
intellectual	O
property	O
encumbrances	O
or	O
license	O
requirements	O
:	O
there	O
is	O
both	O
a	O
"	O
Digital	B-Application
Negative	I-Application
(	O
DNG	O
)	O
Specification	O
Patent	O
License	O
"	O
which	O
says	O
that	O
anyone	O
can	O
exploit	O
DNG	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
statement	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
known	O
intellectual	O
property	O
encumbrances	O
or	O
license	O
requirements	O
for	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lossless	B-Algorithm
and	O
lossy	O
compression	O
(	O
optional	O
)	O
:	O
DNG	O
support	O
optional	O
lossless	B-Algorithm
and	O
(	O
since	O
version	O
1.4	O
)	O
also	O
lossy	O
compression	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
always	O
contains	O
data	O
for	O
one	O
main	O
image	O
,	O
plus	O
metadata	O
,	O
and	O
optionally	O
contains	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
JPEG	O
preview	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DNG	O
is	O
both	O
a	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
format	I-Application
and	O
a	O
format	O
that	O
supports	O
"	O
non-raw	O
"	O
,	O
or	O
partly	O
processed	O
,	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latter	O
(	O
non-raw	O
)	O
format	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Linear	O
DNG	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linear	O
DNG	O
is	O
still	O
scene-referred	O
and	O
can	O
still	O
benefit	O
from	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
operations	O
typically	O
performed	O
by	O
a	O
raw	B-Application
converter	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
white	O
balance	O
,	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
a	O
camera	O
color	O
profile	O
,	O
HDR	O
compositing	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
images	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
supported	O
as	O
raw	B-Application
images	I-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
supported	O
as	O
Linear	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Images	O
from	O
the	O
Foveon	B-Algorithm
X3	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
or	O
similar	O
,	O
hence	O
especially	O
Sigma	O
cameras	O
,	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
supported	O
as	O
Linear	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DNG	O
can	O
contain	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
data	O
from	O
sensors	O
with	O
various	O
configurations	O
of	O
color	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
array	I-Algorithm
(	O
CFA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
:	O
conventional	O
Bayer	B-Algorithm
filters	I-Algorithm
,	O
using	O
three	O
colors	O
and	O
rectangular	O
pixels	O
;	O
four-color	O
CFAs	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
RGBE	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
used	O
in	O
the	O
Sony	B-Device
Cyber-shot	I-Device
DSC-F828	I-Device
;	O
rectangular	O
(	O
non-square	O
)	O
pixels	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
as	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
D1X	O
;	O
and	O
offset	O
sensors	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
with	O
octagonal	O
pixels	O
)	O
such	O
as	O
Super	B-Algorithm
CCD	I-Algorithm
sensors	O
of	O
various	O
types	O
,	O
as	O
used	O
in	O
various	O
Fujifilm	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
clip	O
's	O
image	O
stream	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
two	O
formats	O
:	O
either	O
as	O
video	O
essence	O
using	O
frame-based	O
wrapping	O
in	O
an	O
MXF	O
file	O
,	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
DNG	B-Application
files	I-Application
in	O
a	O
specified	O
file	O
directory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contrary	O
to	O
its	O
name	O
(	O
Digital	B-Application
Negative	I-Application
)	O
the	O
DNG	O
format	O
does	O
n't	O
distinguish	O
negative	O
and	O
positive	O
data	O
-	O
all	O
data	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
describing	O
a	O
positive	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
issue	O
when	O
working	O
with	O
images	O
from	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
(	O
which	O
are	O
always	O
positive	O
)	O
,	O
working	O
with	O
scanned	O
(	O
by	O
a	O
film	B-Device
scanner	I-Device
or	O
DSLR	B-Device
copy	O
stand	O
)	O
film	O
negatives	O
saved	O
as	O
raw	B-Application
DNG	B-Application
files	I-Application
is	O
complicated	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
resultant	O
image	O
is	O
not	O
automatically	O
inverted	O
and	O
thus	O
impossible	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Convertible	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
(	O
camera	O
models	O
whose	O
raw	B-Application
images	I-Application
can	O
be	O
converted	O
to	O
DNG	O
)	O
only	O
include	O
official	O
support	O
by	O
Adobe	B-Application
DNG	I-Application
converters	I-Application
;	O
not	O
unofficial	O
support	O
by	O
Adobe	O
products	O
(	O
sometimes	O
reaching	O
about	O
30	O
)	O
,	O
nor	O
support	O
by	O
other	O
DNG	B-Application
converters	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
2005	O
,	O
June	O
:	O
First	O
digital	B-Algorithm
back	I-Algorithm
to	O
write	O
DNG	O
,	O
the	O
Leica	O
DMR	O
(	O
Digital	O
Modul	O
R	O
)	O
back	O
for	O
the	O
R8	B-Algorithm
and	O
R9	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
2005	O
,	O
July	O
:	O
First	O
camera	O
manufacturer	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
DNG	B-Application
converter	I-Application
for	O
its	O
own	O
raw	B-Application
file	I-Application
formats	I-Application
-	O
Hasselblad	B-Algorithm
's	O
FlexColor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2005	O
,	O
July	O
:	O
First	O
genuine	O
digital	B-Device
SLR	I-Device
camera	I-Device
to	O
write	O
DNG	O
,	O
Hasselblad	B-Algorithm
H2D	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Convertible	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
:	O
70+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2005	O
,	O
October	O
:	O
First	O
compact	O
camera	O
to	O
write	O
DNG	O
,	O
Ricoh	B-Device
GR	I-Device
Digital	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
2006	O
,	O
July	O
:	O
First	O
monochrome	O
digital	B-Algorithm
back	I-Algorithm
to	O
write	O
DNG	O
,	O
MegaVision	B-Device
E	O
Series	O
MonoChrome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2006	O
,	O
September	O
:	O
First	O
rangefinder	O
camera	O
to	O
write	O
DNG	O
,	O
Leica	B-Algorithm
M8	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
2006	O
,	O
September	O
:	O
First	O
camera	O
to	O
offer	O
the	O
user	O
a	O
choice	O
of	O
proprietary	O
raw	B-Application
or	O
DNG	O
,	O
Pentax	B-Algorithm
K10D	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Convertible	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
:	O
110+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2007	O
,	O
May	O
:	O
First	O
raw	B-Application
converter	O
&	O
photo-editor	O
whose	O
first	O
raw-handling	O
release	O
only	O
supported	O
DNG	O
,	O
Pixelmator	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Convertible	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
:	O
160+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2007	O
,	O
October	O
:	O
First	O
digital	O
scan	O
back	O
system	O
and	O
first	O
360-degree	O
panorama	B-Application
system	O
to	O
write	O
DNG	O
,	O
Seitz	O
6x17	O
Digital	O
and	O
Seitz	O
Roundshot	O
D3	O
with	O
D3	O
digital	O
scan	O
back	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2008	O
,	O
April	O
:	O
Adobe	O
announces	O
CinemaDNG	O
initiative	O
,	O
using	O
DNG	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
individual	O
raw	B-Application
images	I-Application
of	O
a	O
movie	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2008	O
,	O
September	O
:	O
First	O
movie	O
camera	O
to	O
use	O
DNG	O
as	O
a	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
format	I-Application
,	O
Ikonoskop	O
A-cam	O
dII	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Convertible	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
:	O
180+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2008	O
,	O
September	O
:	O
First	O
DNG	B-Application
converter	I-Application
running	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
(	O
among	O
several	O
other	O
things	O
)	O
,	O
digiKam	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Convertible	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
:	O
230+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2009	O
,	O
November	O
:	O
First	O
"	O
interchangeable	O
unit	O
"	O
camera	O
to	O
write	O
DNG	O
,	O
Ricoh	B-Device
GXR	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
2010	O
,	O
March	O
:	O
First	O
medium	O
format	O
camera	O
to	O
offer	O
the	O
user	O
a	O
choice	O
of	O
proprietary	O
raw	B-Application
or	O
DNG	O
,	O
Pentax	B-Algorithm
645D	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Convertible	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
:	O
290+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
first	O
5	O
years	O
when	O
about	O
38	O
camera	O
models	O
were	O
launched	O
that	O
wrote	O
DNG	O
,	O
Adobe	O
software	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
about	O
21	O
Canon	O
models	O
,	O
about	O
20	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
models	O
,	O
and	O
about	O
22	O
Olympus	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nikon	B-Algorithm
and	O
Canon	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
only	O
support	O
DNG	O
from	O
cameras	O
writing	O
DNG	O
,	O
or	O
from	O
cameras	O
supported	O
via	O
native	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenRAW	B-Application
was	O
an	O
advocacy	O
and	O
lobby	O
group	O
with	O
the	O
motto	O
"	O
Digital	O
Image	O
Preservation	O
Through	O
Open	O
Documentation	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
DNG	O
conversion	O
"	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
generating	O
a	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
from	O
a	O
non-DNG	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
This	O
is	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
"	O
raw	B-Application
conversion	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
typically	O
refers	O
to	O
reading	O
and	O
processing	O
a	O
raw	B-Application
file	I-Application
,	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
,	O
and	O
generating	O
some	O
other	O
type	O
of	O
output	O
from	O
it	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DNG	O
conversion	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
sources	O
of	O
DNG	B-Application
files	I-Application
,	O
the	O
other	O
being	O
direct	O
output	O
from	O
cameras	O
and	O
digital	B-Algorithm
backs	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
such	O
product	O
is	O
Adobe	B-Application
DNG	I-Application
Converter	I-Application
or	O
DNG	B-Application
Converter	I-Application
,	O
a	O
freely-available	O
stand-alone	O
utility	O
from	O
Adobe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
Adobe	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
ACR	O
plugin	O
to	O
Photoshop	B-Operating_System
or	O
Lightroom	B-Operating_System
can	O
also	O
generate	O
DNG	B-Application
files	I-Application
from	O
other	O
image	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
DNG	B-Application
converters	I-Application
are	O
supplied	O
by	O
companies	O
other	O
than	O
Adobe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
software	O
that	O
Pentax	B-Application
supplies	O
with	O
all	O
their	O
dSLR	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
can	O
convert	O
PEF	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
files	I-Application
from	O
Pentax	B-Application
cameras	I-Application
into	O
DNG	B-Application
files	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flexcolor	O
and	O
Phocus	O
from	O
Hasselblad	B-Algorithm
can	O
convert	O
3FR	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
files	I-Application
from	O
Hasselblad	B-Algorithm
cameras	O
and	O
digital	B-Algorithm
backs	I-Algorithm
into	O
DNG	B-Application
files	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capture	O
One	O
from	O
Phase	O
One	O
is	O
a	O
raw	B-Application
converter	O
that	O
can	O
process	O
not	O
only	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
files	I-Application
from	O
Phase	O
One	O
digital	B-Algorithm
backs	I-Algorithm
,	O
but	O
also	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
files	I-Application
from	O
many	O
other	O
cameras	O
too	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KDE	B-Language
Image	I-Language
Plugin	I-Language
Interface	I-Language
is	O
an	O
API	B-Application
that	O
can	O
save	O
the	O
images	O
it	O
is	O
processing	O
to	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
standalone	O
or	O
with	O
any	O
image	O
processing	O
applications	O
of	O
the	O
KDE	B-Application
desktop	O
environment	O
under	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
DNG	B-Application
converters	I-Application
have	O
been	O
developed	O
by	O
"	O
amateurs	O
"	O
to	O
enable	O
raw	B-Application
images	I-Application
from	O
their	O
favored	O
camera	O
or	O
digital	B-Algorithm
back	I-Algorithm
to	O
be	O
processed	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
range	O
of	O
raw	B-Application
converters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
cases	O
where	O
cameras	O
have	O
been	O
hacked	O
to	O
output	O
raw	B-Application
images	I-Application
that	O
have	O
then	O
been	O
converted	O
to	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
process	O
of	O
DNG	O
conversion	O
involves	O
extracting	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
data	O
from	O
the	O
source	O
file	O
and	O
assembling	O
it	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
DNG	O
specification	O
into	O
the	O
required	O
TIFF	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
DNG	B-Application
converter	I-Application
must	O
therefore	O
have	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
camera	O
model	O
concerned	O
,	O
and	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
process	O
the	O
source	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
file	I-Application
including	O
key	O
metadata	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
written	O
as	O
a	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
DNG	O
conversion	O
typically	O
leaves	O
the	O
original	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
file	I-Application
intact	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
safety	O
,	O
many	O
photographers	O
retain	O
the	O
original	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
file	I-Application
on	O
one	O
medium	O
while	O
using	O
the	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
on	O
another	O
,	O
enabling	O
them	O
to	O
recover	O
from	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
hardware	O
,	O
software	O
and	O
human	O
failures	O
and	O
errors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
user	O
forums	O
that	O
some	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Application
DNG	I-Application
Converter	I-Application
do	O
n't	O
preserve	O
all	O
the	O
raw	B-Application
data	O
from	O
raw	B-Application
images	I-Application
from	O
some	O
camera	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
file	I-Application
handling	O
products	O
from	O
Adobe	O
now	O
support	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Application
DNG	I-Application
Converter	I-Application
was	O
utility	O
software	O
published	O
by	O
Adobe	O
Systems	O
on	O
September	O
27	O
,	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
converts	O
different	O
camera	B-Application
raw	I-Application
format	O
files	O
into	O
the	O
Digital	B-Application
Negative	I-Application
(	O
DNG	O
)	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
supports	O
lossless	B-Algorithm
data	I-Algorithm
compression	I-Algorithm
when	O
converting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
smartphone	O
cameras	O
using	O
iOS	B-Application
10	O
,	O
Android	O
5	O
or	O
Windows	O
10	O
Mobile	O
that	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
shooting	O
RAW	B-Application
images	I-Application
typically	O
use	O
DNG	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
and	O
Nokia	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High-end	O
Nokia	O
(	O
now	O
Microsoft	O
)	O
Lumia	O
smartphones	O
like	O
Nokia	B-Application
Lumia	I-Application
Icon	I-Application
,	O
930	B-Application
,	O
950	B-Application
,	O
1020	B-Device
and	O
1520	B-Application
,	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
smartphone	O
cameras	O
to	O
support	O
DNG	B-Application
files	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
's	O
high-end	O
smartphones	O
(	O
Galaxy	O
S6	O
or	O
later	O
)	O
also	O
uses	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Huawei	O
Android	O
phones	O
using	O
Leica-designed	O
cameras	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Mate	O
9	O
and	O
Mate	O
10	O
Pro	O
)	O
can	O
save	O
raw	B-Application
files	I-Application
to	O
DNG	O
format	O
when	O
shooting	O
in	O
"	O
Pro	O
"	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Niche	O
camera	O
manufacturers	O
typically	O
use	O
DNG	O
in	O
new	O
cameras	O
(	O
including	O
a	O
digiscope	O
,	O
panorama	B-Application
cameras	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
movie	O
camera	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
article	O
on	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
illustrates	O
the	O
complicated	O
relationship	O
between	O
new	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
and	O
third-party	O
software	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Camera	O
manufacturers	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
supply	O
their	O
own	O
software	O
for	O
processing	O
raw	B-Application
images	I-Application
typically	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
always	O
,	O
use	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pentax	B-Application
typically	O
offers	O
users	O
the	O
option	O
of	O
whether	O
to	O
use	O
Pentax	B-Application
's	O
own	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
format	I-Application
(	O
PEF	O
)	O
or	O
DNG	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
Pentax	B-Device
Q	I-Device
,	I-Device
Q10	I-Device
and	I-Device
Q7	I-Device
,	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
PEF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
digital	B-Device
SLR	I-Device
Camera	I-Device
Pentax	B-Device
K-x	I-Device
does	O
offer	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
save	O
PEF	O
or	O
DNG	O
or	O
even	O
DNG+	O
which	O
saves	O
two	O
files	O
,	O
a	O
DNG	O
and	O
a	O
separate	O
JPEG	O
file	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Canon	O
,	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
,	O
Sony	O
,	O
Panasonic	O
,	O
Olympus	O
and	O
Fuji	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
DNG	O
in	O
their	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
that	O
support	O
DNG	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
DxO	B-Algorithm
supports	O
DNG	O
in	O
their	O
DxO	B-Algorithm
ONE	O
camera	O
(	O
introduced	O
2015	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Leica	O
's	O
Digital	O
Modul	O
R	O
for	O
the	O
Leica	B-Algorithm
R8	I-Algorithm
or	O
Leica	B-Algorithm
R9	I-Algorithm
and	O
the	O
Leica	B-Algorithm
M8	I-Algorithm
or	O
Leica	B-Algorithm
M9	I-Algorithm
natively	O
support	O
the	O
DNG	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MegaVision	B-Device
E	O
Series	O
Monochrome	O
back	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Panoscan	B-Device
MK-3	O
digital	O
panoramic	O
camera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pentax	B-Application
supports	O
DNG	O
in	O
their	O
645D	B-Algorithm
,	O
645Z	B-Algorithm
,	O
K10D	B-Algorithm
,	O
K20D	B-Algorithm
,	O
K200D	B-Algorithm
,	O
K2000	B-Algorithm
,	O
K-7	B-Algorithm
,	O
K-x	B-Device
,	O
K-r	B-Algorithm
,	O
K-5	B-Algorithm
,	O
K-30	B-Algorithm
,	O
K-5II(s )	O
,	O
K-50	B-Algorithm
,	O
K-500	B-Algorithm
,	O
K-3	B-Algorithm
,	O
K-3II	B-Algorithm
,	O
K-S1	B-Algorithm
,	O
K-S2	B-Algorithm
,	O
K-70	B-Algorithm
and	O
K-1	B-Algorithm
DSLR	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
;	O
alongside	O
the	O
K-01	B-Algorithm
,	O
Q	B-Algorithm
,	O
Q10	B-Algorithm
,	O
Q7	B-Algorithm
and	O
Q-S1	B-Algorithm
mirrorless	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ricoh	B-Device
GXR	I-Device
mirrorless	B-Device
interchangeable	I-Device
lens	I-Device
camera	I-Device
unit	O
use	O
also	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
supports	O
DNG	O
in	O
their	O
Pro815	O
"	O
prosumer	O
"	O
camera	O
and	O
GX-10	B-Algorithm
and	O
GX-20	B-Algorithm
DSLR	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Seitz	O
Roundshot	O
D3	O
digital	B-Algorithm
back	I-Algorithm
,	O
used	O
in	O
cameras	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
6×17	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Silicon	B-Algorithm
Imaging	I-Algorithm
Silicon	B-Algorithm
Imaging	I-Algorithm
Digital	O
Cinema	O
SI-1920HDVR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sinar	B-Algorithm
now	O
uses	O
DNG	O
as	O
the	O
raw	B-Application
file	I-Application
standard	O
for	O
their	O
eMotion	O
series	O
of	O
digital	B-Algorithm
backs	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
's	O
iPhones	B-Device
and	O
other	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
expose	O
an	O
API	B-Application
for	O
third-party	O
apps	O
such	O
as	O
Halide	O
or	O
Lightroom	B-Operating_System
CC	I-Operating_System
to	O
capture	O
DNG	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
iOS	B-Application
14.3	O
on	O
the	O
iPhone	O
12	O
Pro/Pro	O
Max	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
Apple	O
's	O
ProRAW	O
feature	O
can	O
be	O
enabled	O
which	O
allows	O
the	O
Camera	O
app	O
to	O
capture	O
and	O
save	O
as	O
DNG	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProRAW	O
combines	O
the	O
RAW	B-Application
image	I-Application
with	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
's	O
image	O
processing	O
information	O
into	O
a	O
12-bit	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
Canon	O
cameras	O
can	O
shoot	O
as	O
DNG	O
using	O
additional	O
free	O
software	O
CHDK	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
built-in	O
camera	O
function	O
in	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Lightroom	I-Operating_System
Mobile	O
app	O
saves	O
to	O
DNG	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DJI	B-Device
supports	O
DNG	O
in	O
its	O
middle-end	O
and	O
high-end	O
drones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
majority	O
of	O
raw	B-Application
handling	O
software	O
products	O
support	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
few	O
third-party	O
software	O
products	O
that	O
process	O
raw	B-Application
images	I-Application
but	O
do	O
n't	O
support	O
DNG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
specification	O
remain	O
valid	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
sense	O
that	O
DNG	B-Application
files	I-Application
conforming	O
to	O
old	O
versions	O
should	O
still	O
be	O
read	O
and	O
processed	O
by	O
DNG	O
readers	O
capable	O
of	O
processing	O
later	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
a	O
rare	O
,	O
possibly	O
unique	O
,	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
format	I-Application
specification	O
published	O
by	O
its	O
owner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
proved	O
capable	O
of	O
representing	O
raw	B-Application
images	I-Application
for	O
a	O
large	O
variety	O
of	O
cameras	O
(	O
both	O
when	O
written	O
in-camera	O
or	O
via	O
conversion	O
from	O
other	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
)	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
version	O
still	O
typically	O
written	O
in-camera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Opcode	O
is	O
an	O
algorithm	O
to	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
some	O
or	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
data	O
,	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
specification	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
optionally	O
)	O
implemented	O
in	O
the	O
product	O
that	O
reads	O
and	O
processes	O
the	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
itself	O
holds	O
lists	O
of	O
Opcodes	O
to	O
be	O
executed	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
parameters	O
to	O
be	O
applied	O
on	O
execution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
effect	O
,	O
the	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
can	O
contain	O
lists	O
of	O
"	O
function	O
calls	O
"	O
to	O
be	O
executed	O
at	O
various	O
stages	O
in	O
the	O
raw	B-Application
conversion	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
an	O
algorithm	O
that	O
cannot	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
data	O
itself	O
before	O
it	O
is	O
placed	O
into	O
the	O
DNG	B-Application
file	I-Application
,	O
because	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
executed	O
after	O
demosaicing	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
1.4.0.0	O
,	O
published	O
September	O
2012	O
This	O
version	O
added	O
Floating	O
Point	O
Image	O
Data	O
,	O
Transparent	O
Pixels	O
,	O
Proxy	O
DNG	B-Application
Files	I-Application
,	O
and	O
additional	O
tags	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1.5.0.0	O
,	O
published	O
May	O
2019	O
This	O
version	O
added	O
Depth	O
Maps	O
and	O
processed	O
Enhanced	O
Image	O
Data	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
stored	O
alongside	O
the	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
,	O
with	O
some	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
processing	O
performed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2001	O
:	O
The	O
ISO	O
standard	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
format	I-Application
,	O
ISO	O
12234-2	O
,	O
better	O
known	O
as	O
TIFF/EP	O
,	O
was	O
ratified	O
and	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
supports	O
"	O
non-raw	O
"	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
processed	O
"	O
,	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TIFF/EP	O
provided	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
cameras	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
typically	O
added	O
their	O
own	O
proprietary	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
DNG	O
supports	O
more	O
sensor	O
configurations	O
than	O
TIFF/EP	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
cameras	O
from	O
Fujifilm	O
using	O
Super	B-Algorithm
CCD	I-Algorithm
sensors	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
does	O
n't	O
support	O
all	O
sensor	O
types	O
as	O
raw	B-Application
images	I-Application
,	O
especially	O
those	O
using	O
the	O
Foveon	B-Algorithm
X3	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
or	O
similar	O
,	O
hence	O
especially	O
Sigma	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2008	O
,	O
September	O
&	O
October	O
:	O
Minutes	O
of	O
ISO/TC	O
130/WG2	O
—	O
Prepress	O
Data	O
Exchange	O
,	O
37th	O
Meeting	O
:	O
"	O
WG	O
18	O
is	O
revising	O
the	O
two-part	O
standard	O
(	O
ISO	O
12234	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
addresses	O
digital	B-Device
camera	I-Device
removable	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
progress	O
report	O
from	O
ISO	O
about	O
the	O
revision	O
of	O
TIFF/EP	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
revision	O
"	O
currently	O
...	O
includes	O
two	O
"	O
interoperability-profiles	O
,	O
"	O
"	O
IP	O
1	O
"	O
for	O
processed	O
image	O
data	O
,	O
using	O
"	O
.TIF	O
"	O
extension	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
IP	O
2	O
"	O
for	O
"	O
raw	B-Application
"	O
image	O
data	O
,	O
"	O
.DNG	B-Application
"	O
extension	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2009	O
,	O
September	O
:	O
Minutes	O
of	O
ISO/TC	O
130/WG2	O
—	O
Prepress	O
Data	O
Exchange	O
,	O
39th	O
Meeting	O
:	O
the	O
revision	O
of	O
TIFF/EP	O
"	O
is	O
comprehensive	O
to	O
support	O
many	O
different	O
use	O
cases	O
,	O
including	O
backward	O
compatibility	O
with	O
current	O
TIFF	O
readers	O
and	O
support	O
of	O
Adobe	B-Application
DNG	I-Application
...	O
</s>
<s>
Profile	O
2	O
(	O
proposed	O
extension	O
.dng	B-Application
,	O
if	O
Adobe	O
is	O
in	O
agreement	O
)	O
is	O
intended	O
for	O
camera	B-Application
raw	I-Application
images	O
,	O
including	O
un-demosaiced	O
images	O
...	O
</s>
