<s>
Digital	O
"	O
darkroom	O
"	O
is	O
the	O
hardware	O
,	O
software	O
and	O
techniques	O
used	O
in	O
digital	B-Application
photography	I-Application
that	O
replace	O
the	O
darkroom	O
equivalents	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
enlarging	O
,	O
cropping	O
,	O
dodging	O
and	O
burning	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
processes	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
film	O
equivalent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Higher	O
end	O
cameras	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
tend	O
to	O
give	O
a	O
flatter	O
,	O
more	O
neutral	O
image	O
that	O
has	O
more	O
data	O
but	O
less	O
"	O
pop	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
digital	B-Algorithm
darkroom	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Setting	O
up	O
a	O
film	O
darkroom	O
was	O
primarily	O
an	O
issue	O
of	O
gathering	O
the	O
right	O
chemicals	O
and	O
lighting	O
;	O
a	O
digital	B-Algorithm
darkroom	I-Algorithm
consists	O
of	O
a	O
powerful	O
computer	O
,	O
a	O
high-quality	O
monitor	O
setup	O
(	O
dual	B-General_Concept
monitors	I-General_Concept
are	O
often	O
used	O
)	O
and	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
each	O
implementation	O
is	O
unique	O
,	O
most	O
share	O
several	O
traits	O
:	O
an	O
image	B-Application
editing	I-Application
workstation	O
as	O
the	O
cornerstone	O
,	O
often	O
a	O
database-driven	O
digital	O
asset	O
management	O
system	O
like	O
Media	B-Operating_System
Pro	I-Operating_System
1	I-Operating_System
to	O
manage	O
the	O
collection	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
,	O
a	O
RAW	B-Application
conversion	O
tool	O
like	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Photoshop	I-Operating_System
Lightroom	I-Operating_System
or	O
Capture	B-Operating_System
One	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
the	O
software	O
that	O
came	O
with	O
the	O
camera	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
automated	O
tool	O
to	O
"	O
upload	O
"	O
photos	O
to	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
machine	O
itself	O
is	O
almost	O
always	O
outfitted	O
with	O
as	O
much	O
RAM	B-Architecture
as	O
possible	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
storage	O
subsystem	O
-	O
big	O
hard	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAID	B-Architecture
and	O
external	O
USB	B-Protocol
and	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
drives	O
are	O
popular	O
for	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
was	O
coined	O
by	O
Gerard	O
Holzmann	O
of	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
for	O
a	O
book	O
entitled	O
Beyond	O
Photography	O
:	O
The	O
Digital	B-Algorithm
Darkroom	I-Algorithm
,	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
describes	O
his	O
pico	B-Language
image	B-Application
manipulation	I-Application
language	O
(	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
the	O
pico	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
software	O
employed	O
in	O
a	O
digital	B-Algorithm
darkroom	I-Algorithm
varies	O
greatly	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
photographer	O
's	O
needs	O
,	O
budget	O
and	O
skill	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
both	O
include	O
an	O
inbuilt	O
wizard	O
for	O
importing	O
images	O
,	O
including	O
scanning	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
professionals	O
however	O
may	O
choose	O
an	O
importation	O
tool	O
built	O
into	O
image	O
management	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Photoshop	I-Operating_System
Lightroom	I-Operating_System
,	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Aperture	I-Operating_System
,	O
ACDSee	B-Application
,	O
Capture	B-Operating_System
One	I-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
darktable	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
such	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Photoshop	I-Operating_System
Lightroom	I-Operating_System
,	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Aperture	I-Operating_System
and	O
Media	B-Operating_System
Pro	I-Operating_System
1	I-Operating_System
are	O
examples	O
of	O
major	O
image	O
management	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAW	B-Application
Software	O
:	O
software	O
,	O
either	O
stand	O
alone	O
or	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
image	O
library	O
management	O
software	O
that	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
import	O
and	O
process	O
RAW	B-Application
images	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
digital	O
cameras	O
capable	O
of	O
outputting	O
RAW	B-Application
images	I-Application
will	O
include	O
a	O
program	O
or	O
plug-in	O
for	O
this	O
purpose	O
such	O
as	O
Canon	O
RAW	B-Application
Image	I-Application
Converter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commercial	O
Programs	O
such	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Photoshop	I-Operating_System
Lightroom	I-Operating_System
,	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Aperture	I-Operating_System
and	O
Capture	B-Operating_System
One	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
open	O
source	O
projects	O
such	O
as	O
darktable	B-Language
and	O
RawTherapee	B-Algorithm
,	O
include	O
extensive	O
support	O
for	O
RAW	B-Application
importation	O
and	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Image	B-Application
Editing	I-Application
:	O
There	O
are	O
countless	O
image	B-Application
editing	I-Application
suites	O
,	O
programs	O
and	O
tools	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consumers	O
may	O
use	O
professional	O
software	O
or	O
choose	O
less	O
expensive	O
options	O
such	O
as	O
Adobe	O
Photoshop	O
Elements	O
,	O
Capture	B-Operating_System
One	I-Operating_System
Express	I-Operating_System
or	O
free	O
open	O
source	O
options	O
such	O
as	O
The	B-Application
GIMP	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Camera	O
Control	O
Software	O
:	O
software	O
that	O
can	O
remotely	O
control	O
a	O
camera	O
from	O
a	O
computer	O
connected	O
via	O
USB	B-Protocol
(	O
tethered	O
shooting	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cameras	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Canon	B-Device
40D	I-Device
include	O
such	O
software	O
and	O
a	O
live	O
view	O
mode	O
so	O
that	O
a	O
user	O
may	O
use	O
a	O
computer	O
to	O
control	O
numerous	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
camera	O
while	O
seeing	O
a	O
virtual	O
viewfinder	O
onscreen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capture	B-Operating_System
One	I-Operating_System
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
pioneer	O
software	O
programs	O
used	O
for	O
tethered	O
shooting	O
which	O
is	O
very	O
useful	O
especially	O
for	O
studio	O
photographers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
photographer	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
virtual	O
camera	O
display	O
on	O
an	O
iPhone	O
or	O
iPad	O
to	O
remotely	O
fire	O
the	O
camera	O
and	O
control	O
capture	O
parameters	O
such	O
as	O
ISO	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
exposure	O
mode	O
,	O
shutter	O
speed	O
,	O
aperture	B-Operating_System
,	O
exposure	O
compensation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capture	O
Pilot	O
requires	O
Capture	B-Operating_System
One	I-Operating_System
to	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
image	O
size	O
and	O
resolution	O
increases	O
,	O
so	O
do	O
the	O
requirements	O
for	O
hardware	O
in	O
a	O
digital	B-Algorithm
darkroom	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer	O
:	O
A	O
computer	O
in	O
a	O
digital	B-Algorithm
darkroom	I-Algorithm
typically	O
have	O
a	O
generous	O
amount	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
often	O
4GB	O
or	O
more	O
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
discrete	O
graphics	O
and	O
a	O
powerful	O
multicore	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
1980s	O
and	O
90s	O
,	O
Macintosh	B-Device
based	O
systems	O
were	O
dominant	O
in	O
the	O
digital	O
imaging	O
market	O
as	O
Adobe	O
's	O
powerful	O
new	O
Photoshop	O
software	O
had	O
only	O
then	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
Mac	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Windows-based	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
Dell	O
's	O
high-end	O
Precision	O
range	O
have	O
become	O
increasingly	O
popular	O
in	O
recent	O
times	O
;	O
better	O
value	O
for	O
money	O
than	O
Apple	O
's	O
high-end	O
Mac	O
Pro	O
and	O
a	O
more	O
familiar	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
are	O
both	O
factors	O
that	O
affect	O
the	O
choice	O
of	O
many	O
prospective	O
buyers	O
of	O
photo-editing	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Printers	O
:	O
In	O
addition	O
to	O
computers	O
and	O
displays	O
,	O
digital	B-Algorithm
darkrooms	I-Algorithm
may	O
include	O
printing	O
equipment	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
smaller	O
size	O
printers	O
for	O
proofing	O
to	O
large	O
format	O
productions	O
printers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Digital	B-Algorithm
Darkroom	I-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
the	O
trademarked	O
name	O
of	O
an	O
image	B-Application
editing	I-Application
program	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
published	O
by	O
Digimage	O
Arts	O
.	O
</s>
