<s>
A	O
dialog	B-General_Concept
manager	I-General_Concept
(	O
DM	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
a	O
dialog	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
DS	O
)	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
state	O
and	O
flow	O
of	O
the	O
conversation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
input	O
to	O
the	O
DM	O
is	O
the	O
human	O
utterance	O
,	O
usually	O
converted	O
to	O
some	O
system-specific	O
semantic	O
representation	O
by	O
the	O
Natural	B-General_Concept
language	I-General_Concept
understanding	I-General_Concept
(	O
NLU	O
)	O
component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
flight-planning	O
dialog	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
input	O
may	O
look	O
like	O
"	O
ORDER( from	O
=	O
TA	O
,	O
to	O
=	O
JER	O
,	O
date	O
=	O
2012-01-01	O
)	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
output	O
of	O
the	O
DM	O
is	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
instructions	O
to	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
dialog	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
usually	O
in	O
a	O
semantic	O
representation	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
"	O
TELL( 	O
flight-num	O
=	O
123	O
,	O
flight-time	O
=	O
12:34	O
)	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
semantic	O
representation	O
is	O
usually	O
converted	O
to	O
human	O
language	O
by	O
the	O
Natural	B-General_Concept
language	I-General_Concept
generation	I-General_Concept
(	O
NLG	O
)	O
component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
common	O
use	O
of	O
dialog	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
is	O
as	O
a	O
replacement	O
to	O
forms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
simple	O
solution	O
is	O
to	O
use	O
system-initiative	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
dialog	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
asks	O
the	O
user	O
about	O
each	O
piece	O
of	O
information	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
user	O
must	O
fill	O
them	O
in	O
that	O
exact	O
order	O
,	O
like	O
in	O
this	O
dialog	O
(	O
from	O
a	O
presentation	O
by	O
David	O
Traum	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
may	O
help	O
authors	O
re-use	O
general	O
rules	O
for	O
dialog	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
rules	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
dialog	O
theories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
split	O
the	O
dialog	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
into	O
several	O
modules	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
dialog	B-General_Concept
manager	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
connected	O
with	O
an	O
expert	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
respond	O
with	O
specific	O
expertise	O
.	O
</s>
