<s>
DIY	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
umbrella	O
term	O
for	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
grassroots	O
networking	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
wireless	O
community	O
network	O
,	O
mesh	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
,	O
ad-hoc	B-Protocol
network	I-Protocol
,	O
stressing	O
on	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
Wireless	O
technology	O
offers	O
to	O
create	O
"	O
offline	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
off-the-cloud	O
"	O
local	B-General_Concept
area	I-General_Concept
networks	I-General_Concept
(	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
operate	O
outside	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Do	O
it	O
yourself	O
(	O
DiY	O
)	O
networking	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
such	O
Wireless	B-Architecture
LAN	I-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
that	O
are	O
created	O
organically	O
through	O
the	O
interconnection	O
of	O
nodes	O
owned	O
and	O
deployed	O
by	O
individuals	O
or	O
small	O
organizations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Single-board	B-Device
computers	I-Device
such	O
as	O
Arduino	O
,	O
or	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
DiY	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
purposes	O
,	O
since	O
such	O
computers	O
are	O
open-source	B-License
,	O
relatively	O
cheap	O
,	O
have	O
low	O
power	O
demands	O
,	O
support	O
multiple	O
protocols	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
portable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
EU	O
Horizon2020	O
research	O
funding	O
framework	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
specifically	O
CAPS	O
(	O
Collective	O
Awareness	O
Platforms	O
for	O
Sustainability	O
and	O
social	O
innovation	O
)	O
has	O
funded	O
two	O
3-year	O
projects	O
on	O
DIY	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
:	O
1	O
)	O
project	O
MAZI	O
,	O
"	O
A	O
DIY	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
toolkit	O
for	O
location-based	O
collective	O
awareness	O
"	O
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
small-scale	O
networks	O
and	O
aiming	O
to	O
provide	O
tools	O
and	O
interdisciplinary	O
knowledge	O
for	O
individual	O
or	O
small	O
groups	O
to	O
create	O
their	O
own	O
off-the-cloud	O
networks	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
)	O
project	O
netCommons	O
,	O
"	O
Network	O
Infrastructure	O
as	O
Commons	O
"	O
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
existing	O
large-scale	O
community	O
networks	O
like	O
Guifi.net,	O
Freifunk	O
,	O
Ninux	O
and	O
combining	O
research	O
from	O
different	O
disciplines	O
in	O
close	O
collaboration	O
with	O
key	O
actors	O
to	O
address	O
important	O
economic	O
,	O
social	O
,	O
and	O
political	O
challenges	O
that	O
these	O
networks	O
face	O
today	O
.	O
</s>
