<s>
Deterministic	B-Protocol
Networking	I-Protocol
(	O
DetNet	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
effort	O
by	O
the	O
IETF	O
DetNet	O
Working	O
Group	O
to	O
study	O
implementation	O
of	O
deterministic	B-General_Concept
data	O
paths	O
for	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
applications	I-General_Concept
with	O
extremely	O
low	O
data	O
loss	O
rates	O
,	O
packet	O
delay	O
variation	O
(	O
jitter	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
bounded	O
latency	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
streaming	O
,	O
industrial	O
automation	O
,	O
and	O
vehicle	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DetNet	O
operates	O
at	O
the	O
IP	B-Protocol
Layer	B-Application
3	I-Application
routed	O
segments	O
using	O
a	O
Software-Defined	O
Networking	O
layer	O
to	O
provide	O
IntServ	O
and	O
DiffServ	O
integration	O
,	O
and	O
delivers	O
service	O
over	O
lower	O
Layer	B-Protocol
2	I-Protocol
bridged	O
segments	O
using	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
MPLS	B-Protocol
and	O
IEEE	O
802.1	O
Time-Sensitive	B-Protocol
Networking	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deterministic	B-Protocol
Networking	I-Protocol
aims	O
to	O
migrate	O
time-critical	O
,	O
high-reliability	O
industrial	O
control	O
and	O
audio-video	O
applications	O
from	O
special-purpose	O
Fieldbus	O
networks	O
(	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
CAN	B-Protocol
bus	I-Protocol
,	O
PROFIBUS	O
,	O
RS-485	O
,	O
RS-422/RS	O
-232	O
,	O
and	O
I²C	O
)	O
to	O
packet	O
networks	O
and	O
IP	B-Protocol
in	O
particular	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
support	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
applications	I-General_Concept
,	O
DetNet	O
implements	O
reservation	O
of	O
data	O
plane	O
resources	O
in	O
intermediate	O
nodes	O
along	O
the	O
data	O
flow	O
path	O
,	O
calculation	O
of	O
explicit	O
routes	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
depend	O
on	O
network	O
topology	O
,	O
and	O
redistribute	O
data	O
packets	O
over	O
time	O
and/or	O
space	O
to	O
deliver	O
data	O
even	O
with	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
one	O
path	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEEE	O
Time-Sensitive	B-Protocol
Networking	I-Protocol
(	O
TSN	O
)	O
task	O
group	O
has	O
defined	O
deterministic	B-General_Concept
algorithms	I-General_Concept
for	O
queuing	O
,	O
shaping	O
and	O
scheduling	O
which	O
allow	O
each	O
node	O
to	O
allocate	O
bandwidth	O
and	O
latency	O
according	O
to	O
requirements	O
of	O
each	O
data	O
flow	O
,	O
by	O
computing	O
the	O
buffer	O
size	O
at	O
the	O
network	O
switch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
algorithms	O
can	O
be	O
employed	O
at	O
higher	O
network	B-Application
layers	I-Application
to	O
improve	O
delivery	O
of	O
IP	B-Protocol
packets	O
and	O
provide	O
interoperability	O
with	O
TSN	O
hardware	O
when	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deterministic	B-General_Concept
data	O
flow	O
,	O
which	O
shall	O
support	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Ethernet	O
packet	O
loss	O
ratio	O
from	O
10−9	O
to	O
10−12	O
,	O
wireless	O
mesh	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
around	O
10−5	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mesh	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
,	O
topology	O
events	O
such	O
as	O
failure	O
or	O
recovery	O
can	O
impact	O
data	O
flow	O
even	O
in	O
remote	O
network	O
segments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Real-time	B-General_Concept
networks	I-General_Concept
are	O
often	O
based	O
on	O
physical	O
rings	O
with	O
a	O
simple	O
control	O
protocol	O
and	O
two	O
ports	O
per	O
device	O
for	O
redundant	O
paths	O
,	O
though	O
at	O
a	O
cost	O
of	O
increased	O
hop	O
count	O
and	O
latency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Explicit	O
routes	O
can	O
be	O
established	O
with	O
RSVP-TE	O
,	O
Segment	O
Routing	O
,	O
IS-IS	O
,	O
MPLS-TE	O
label-switched	O
path	O
(	O
LSP	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
Software	O
Defined	O
Networking	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IETF	O
Traffic	O
Engineering	O
Architecture	O
and	O
Signaling	O
(	O
TEAS	O
)	O
work	O
group	O
maintains	O
MPLS-TE	O
LSP	O
and	O
RSVP-TE	O
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DetNet	O
flows	O
are	O
matched	O
by	O
destination	O
MAC	O
address	O
,	O
VLAN	O
ID	O
and	O
priority	O
parameters	O
to	O
Stream	O
ID	O
and	O
QoS	O
requirements	O
for	O
talkers	O
and	O
listeners	O
in	O
the	O
AVB/TSN	B-Protocol
sub-network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
pro	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
(	O
Audio	B-Protocol
Video	I-Protocol
Bridging	I-Protocol
)	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
wireless	O
industrial	O
mesh	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
;	O
</s>
<s>
private	O
blockchain	B-Application
;	O
</s>
