<s>
A	O
mobile	O
workstation	B-Device
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
desktop	B-Application
replacement	I-Application
computer	I-Application
(	O
DTR	O
)	O
or	O
workstation	B-Device
laptop	B-Device
,	O
is	O
a	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
that	O
provides	O
the	O
full	O
capabilities	O
of	O
a	O
workstation-class	O
desktop	B-Device
computer	I-Device
while	O
remaining	O
mobile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
often	O
larger	O
,	O
bulkier	O
laptops	B-Device
or	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
2-in-1	O
PCs	B-Device
with	O
a	O
tablet-like	O
form	O
factor	O
and	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
their	O
increased	O
size	O
,	O
this	O
class	O
of	O
computer	O
usually	O
includes	O
more	O
powerful	O
components	O
and	O
a	O
larger	O
display	B-Device
than	O
generally	O
used	O
in	O
smaller	O
portable	B-Device
computers	I-Device
and	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
relatively	O
limited	O
battery	O
capacity	O
(	O
or	O
none	O
at	O
all	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
sometimes	O
called	O
desknotes	B-Application
,	O
a	O
blend	O
of	O
"	O
desktop	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
notebook	B-Device
"	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
term	O
is	O
also	O
applied	O
to	O
desktop	B-Application
replacement	I-Application
computers	I-Application
in	O
general	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
names	O
being	O
monster	O
notebooks	B-Device
or	O
musclebooks	O
in	O
reference	O
to	O
muscle	O
cars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
forerunners	O
of	O
the	O
mobile	O
workstation	B-Device
were	O
the	O
portable	B-Device
computers	I-Device
of	O
the	O
early	O
to	O
mid-1980s	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Portal	O
R2E	O
CCMC	O
,	O
the	O
Osborne	B-Device
1	I-Device
,	O
Kaypro	O
II	O
,	O
the	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
and	O
the	O
Commodore	O
Executive	O
64	O
(	O
SX-64	O
)	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
computers	O
contained	O
the	O
CPU	B-Device
,	O
display	B-Device
,	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
and	O
power	O
supply	O
all	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
briefcase-like	O
enclosure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
in	O
performance	O
to	O
the	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
of	O
the	O
era	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
easily	O
transported	O
and	O
came	O
with	O
an	O
attached	O
keyboard	O
that	O
doubled	O
as	O
a	O
protective	O
cover	O
when	O
not	O
in	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
form	O
factor	O
gave	O
new	O
impetus	O
to	O
portable	B-Device
computer	I-Device
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
early	O
laptops	B-Device
were	O
feature-limited	O
in	O
the	O
interest	O
of	O
portability	O
,	O
requiring	O
such	O
mobility-limiting	O
accessories	O
as	O
external	O
floppy	B-Device
drives	I-Device
or	O
clip-on	O
trackball	B-Device
pointing	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
laptops	B-Device
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
standalone	O
computer	O
was	O
the	O
EUROCOM	O
2100	O
based	O
on	O
Intel	O
's	O
8088	O
CPU	B-Device
architecture	O
,	O
it	O
duplicated	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
the	O
desktop	O
models	O
without	O
requiring	O
an	O
external	O
docking	B-Device
station	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
modern	O
mobile	O
workstation	B-Device
came	O
with	O
the	O
realization	O
that	O
many	O
laptops	B-Device
were	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
semi-permanent	O
location	O
,	O
often	O
remaining	O
connected	O
to	O
an	O
external	O
power	O
source	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
suggested	O
that	O
a	O
market	O
existed	O
for	O
a	O
laptop-style	O
computer	O
that	O
would	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
reduced	O
need	O
for	O
portability	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
higher-performance	O
components	O
,	O
greater	O
expandability	O
,	O
and	O
higher-quality	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
workstations	B-Device
are	O
also	O
often	O
used	O
with	O
a	O
port	B-Device
replicator	I-Device
,	O
to	O
full	O
enjoy	O
the	O
desktop	O
comfort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
mobile	O
workstations	B-Device
generally	O
perform	O
better	O
than	O
traditional	O
laptop-style	O
computers	O
as	O
their	O
size	O
allows	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
more	O
powerful	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
their	O
increased	O
size	O
allows	O
for	O
more	O
modularity	B-Architecture
,	O
which	O
allows	O
for	O
a	O
greater	O
expandability	O
and	O
features	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
larger	O
and	O
brighter	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
these	O
advantages	O
generally	O
come	O
at	O
a	O
price	O
premium	O
,	O
with	O
many	O
computers	O
in	O
this	O
class	O
costing	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
two	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
with	O
similar	O
specifications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
a	O
laptop	B-Device
form	O
factor	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
mobile	O
workstations	B-Device
still	O
often	O
suffer	O
from	O
limitations	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
more	O
mobile	O
laptops	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
mobile	O
workstations	B-Device
can	O
offer	O
better	O
cooling	O
than	O
other	O
laptops	B-Device
,	O
they	O
rarely	O
dissipate	O
heat	O
efficiently	O
enough	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
high-end	O
desktop-class	O
components	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
may	O
not	O
reach	O
the	O
same	O
performance	O
levels	O
as	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
workstations	B-Device
computers	O
are	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
exceptions	O
,	O
difficult	O
to	O
upgrade	O
compared	O
to	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
with	O
many	O
of	O
their	O
major	O
components	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
display	B-Device
)	O
integral	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
machine	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
CPU	B-Device
and	O
GPU	B-Architecture
)	O
often	O
being	O
hard	O
to	O
access	O
and	O
replace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
small	O
segment	O
of	O
mobile	O
workstations	B-Device
do	O
not	O
include	O
a	O
battery	O
as	O
a	O
standard	O
feature	O
,	O
while	O
some	O
do	O
not	O
include	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
limitations	O
on	O
serviceability	O
as	O
laptops	B-Device
,	O
and	O
can	O
rarely	O
use	O
identical	O
components	O
to	O
a	O
desktop	B-Device
computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
