<s>
DNOS	B-Protocol
or	O
Dell	B-Protocol
Networking	I-Protocol
Operating	I-Protocol
System	I-Protocol
is	O
a	O
network	B-Protocol
operating	I-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
running	O
on	O
switches	B-Protocol
from	O
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
either	O
the	O
PowerConnect	B-Operating_System
OS	O
(	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
6.x	O
)	O
or	O
Force10	O
OS/FTOS	O
(	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
)	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
10G	O
and	O
faster	O
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
S-series	O
switches	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
Z-series	O
40G	O
core	O
switches	B-Protocol
and	O
DNOS6	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
N-series	O
switches	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
network	B-Protocol
operating	I-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
family	O
comes	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
main	O
versions	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
DNOS	B-Protocol
3.x	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
firmware	O
for	O
the	O
campus	O
access	O
switches	B-Protocol
that	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
managed	O
using	O
a	O
web	O
based	O
GUI	O
or	O
run	O
as	O
unmanaged	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DNOS	B-Protocol
6.x	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
running	O
on	O
the	O
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
N-series	O
(	O
campus	O
)	O
networking	B-Protocol
switches	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
latest	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
'	O
PowerConnect	B-Operating_System
 '	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
running	O
on	O
a	O
Linux	O
Kernel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
available	O
as	O
upgrade	O
for	O
the	O
PowerConnect	B-Operating_System
8100	O
series	O
switches	B-Protocol
(	O
which	O
then	O
become	O
a	O
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
N40xx	O
switch	O
)	O
and	O
it	O
also	O
is	O
installed	O
on	O
all	O
DN	O
N1000	O
,	O
N2000	O
and	O
N3000	O
series	O
switches	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
a	O
full	O
web-based	O
GUI	O
together	O
with	O
a	O
full	O
CLI	O
(	O
command	O
line	O
interface	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
CLI	O
will	O
be	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
PowerConnect	B-Operating_System
CLI	O
,	O
though	O
with	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
new	O
features	O
like	O
PVSTP	O
(	O
per	O
VLAN	B-General_Concept
spanning	O
tree	O
)	O
,	O
Policy	O
Based	O
Routing	O
and	O
MLAG	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
:	O
TeUTg	O
on	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
the	O
PowerConnect	B-Operating_System
8100	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
6.x	O
:	O
all	O
other	O
PowerConnect	B-Operating_System
ethernet	B-Protocol
switches	I-Protocol
will	O
continue	O
to	O
run	O
its	O
own	O
PowerConnect	B-Operating_System
OS	O
(	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
VxWorks	O
)	O
while	O
the	O
PowerConnect	B-Operating_System
W-series	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
Dell	O
specific	O
version	O
of	O
ArubaOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
S	O
-	O
xxxx	O
and	O
Z9x00	O
series	O
will	O
run	O
on	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
where	O
the	O
other	O
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
switches	B-Protocol
will	O
continue	O
to	O
run	O
FTOS	B-Protocol
8.x	O
firmware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS10	O
is	O
a	O
Linux-based	O
open	O
networking	O
OS	O
that	O
can	O
run	O
on	O
all	O
Open	B-Application
Network	I-Application
Install	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
(	O
ONIE	B-Application
)	O
switches	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
it	O
runs	O
directly	O
in	O
a	O
Linux	O
environment	O
network	O
admins	O
can	O
highly	O
automate	O
the	O
network	O
platform	O
and	O
manage	O
the	O
switches	B-Protocol
in	O
a	O
similar	O
way	O
as	O
the	O
(	O
Linux	O
)	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Three	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
product	O
families	O
from	O
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
are	O
using	O
the	O
Broadcom	O
Trident+	O
ASICs	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
company	O
does	O
n't	O
use	O
the	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
from	O
Broadcom	O
:	O
the	O
developers	O
at	O
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
have	O
written	O
their	O
own	O
Hardware	B-Operating_System
Abstraction	I-Operating_System
Layer	I-Operating_System
so	O
that	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
can	O
run	O
on	O
different	O
hardware	O
platforms	O
with	O
minimal	O
impact	O
for	O
the	O
firmware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
three	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
DN	O
switch	O
families	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Broadcom	O
Trident	O
family	O
(	O
while	O
the	O
4th	O
-	O
the	O
E-series	O
-	O
run	O
on	O
self-developed	O
ASICs	O
)	O
;	O
and	O
two	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
running	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
(	O
S	O
-	O
and	O
Z	O
-	O
series	O
)	O
and	O
if	O
the	O
product	O
developers	O
want	O
or	O
need	O
to	O
use	O
different	O
hardware	O
for	O
new	O
products	O
they	O
only	O
need	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
HAL	O
for	O
that	O
new	O
hardware	O
and	O
the	O
same	O
firmware	O
can	O
run	O
on	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
underlying	O
OS	O
on	O
which	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
,	O
runs	O
,	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
NetBSD	B-Device
(	O
while	O
the	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
6.x	O
runs	O
on	O
a	O
Linux	O
kernel	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
implementation	O
which	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
embedded	O
networking-systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
is	O
a	O
very	O
stable	O
,	O
open	O
source	O
,	O
OS	O
running	O
on	O
many	O
different	O
hardware	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
choosing	O
for	O
a	O
proven	O
technology	O
with	O
extended	O
TCP	O
functionality	O
built	O
into	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
it	O
reduces	O
time	O
during	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
products	O
or	O
extending	O
the	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
with	O
new	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
is	O
also	O
modular	O
where	O
different	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
run	O
independently	O
from	O
each	O
other	O
within	O
one	O
switch	O
:	O
if	O
one	O
process	O
would	O
fail	O
the	O
impact	O
on	O
other	O
processes	O
on	O
the	O
switch	O
are	O
limited	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
same	O
approach	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
newer	O
firmware-families	O
from	O
Cisco	O
like	O
the	O
NX-OS	B-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
Nexus	B-Protocol
product-line	O
or	O
the	O
IOS	B-Device
XR	I-Device
for	O
the	O
high-end	O
routers	O
(	O
the	O
Carrier	B-Protocol
Routing	I-Protocol
Systems	I-Protocol
)	O
from	O
Cisco	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
and	O
unlike	O
the	O
original	O
IOS	B-Protocol
:	O
processes	O
under	O
IOS	B-Protocol
are	O
n't	O
isolated	O
from	O
each	O
other	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
based	O
switches	B-Protocol
offer	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
layer2	O
and	O
layer3	O
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
features	O
are	O
available	O
on	O
all	O
switches	B-Protocol
:	O
some	O
switch	O
models	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
S-series	O
)	O
offer	O
an	O
additional	O
license	O
for	O
layer3	O
or	O
routing	O
:	O
this	O
additional	O
license	O
is	O
NOT	O
required	O
to	O
use	O
that	O
protocol	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
required	O
to	O
get	O
support	O
from	O
the	O
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
support	O
department	O
on	O
using	O
these	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
interfaces	O
on	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
running	O
switches	B-Protocol
are	O
configured	O
as	O
a	O
layer3	O
interface	O
and	O
by	O
default	O
shutdown	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
6.x	O
(	O
which	O
provide	O
web	O
and	O
CLI	O
-	O
with	O
extensive	O
API	B-General_Concept
control	O
via	O
undocumented	O
"	O
dedug	O
console	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
dev	O
help	O
"	O
commands	O
)	O
,	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
only	O
offers	O
a	O
documented	O
command	O
line	O
interface	O
(	O
CLI	O
)	O
to	O
configure	O
and	O
monitor	O
the	O
switch	O
directly	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
with	O
the	O
"	O
Automation	O
Tools	O
"	O
to	O
create	O
your	O
own	O
webGui	O
on	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
switches	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
standardized	O
ethernet	O
standards	O
are	O
supported	O
by	O
switches	B-Protocol
running	O
FTOS	B-Protocol
including	O
:	O
Spanning	B-Protocol
Tree	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
and	O
RSTP	O
,	O
VLAN	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
IEEE	O
802.1Q	O
standards	O
,	O
QinQ	O
or	O
IEEE	O
802.1ad	O
,	O
Link	B-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
Discovery	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
and	O
LLDP	B-Protocol
MED	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
S-series	O
switches	B-Protocol
ending	O
with	O
a	O
V	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
E-series	O
line-cards	O
support	O
Power	B-Device
over	I-Device
Ethernet	I-Device
or	O
PoE	B-Device
with	O
the	O
standards	O
for	O
this	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
mentioned	O
above	O
,	O
by	O
default	O
an	O
interface	O
on	O
a	O
switch	O
running	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
are	O
configured	O
as	O
a	O
layer3	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
these	O
switches	B-Protocol
are	O
thus	O
routers	O
with	O
many	O
interfaces	O
that	O
can	O
(	O
and	O
most	O
often	O
are	O
)	O
reconfigured	O
into	O
a	O
layer2	O
ethernet	B-Protocol
switch	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9	O
switches	B-Protocol
run	O
at	O
least	O
the	O
following	O
routing	O
protocols	O
:	O
Routing	B-Protocol
Information	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
and	O
RIP	O
version	O
2	O
,	O
OSPF	B-Protocol
,	O
IS-IS	B-Protocol
and	O
Border	B-Protocol
Gateway	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
version	O
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
name	O
OpenAutomation	O
2.0	O
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
switches	B-Protocol
running	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
offers	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
features	O
under	O
this	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
switches	B-Protocol
support	O
so	O
called	O
smart	O
scripting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
develop	O
scripts	O
that	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
switches	B-Protocol
running	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Perl	B-Language
and	O
Python	B-Language
are	O
supported	O
as	O
scripting	O
languages	O
to	O
automate	O
environment	O
specific	O
repetitive	O
tasks	O
or	O
to	O
build	O
in	O
custom	O
behavior	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
who	O
write	O
such	O
scripts	O
are	O
promoted	O
to	O
share	O
these	O
scripts	O
with	O
the	O
user-community	O
and	O
make	O
them	O
available	O
to	O
other	O
Force10/DNOS	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
switches	B-Protocol
support	O
a	O
bare	O
metal	O
provisioning	O
option	O
:	O
if	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
deploy	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
similar	O
switches	B-Protocol
you	O
can	O
put	O
both	O
(	O
desired/latest	O
)	O
firmware	O
release	O
and	O
standard	O
user-specific	O
configuration	O
on	O
a	O
USB	O
key	O
:	O
when	O
deploying	O
the	O
switches	B-Protocol
you	O
can	O
insert	O
the	O
USB	O
key	O
,	O
power-up	O
the	O
switch	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
automatically	O
load	O
the	O
correct	O
firmware	O
and	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
combination	O
with	O
smart	O
scripting	O
someone	O
can	O
combine	O
these	O
features	O
for	O
a	O
fully	O
automated	O
installation	O
and	O
configuration	O
of	O
new	O
switches	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
possible	O
to	O
run	O
BMP	O
via	O
the	O
network	O
:	O
unless	O
re-configured	O
to	O
start	O
in	O
'	O
normal	O
 '	O
mode	O
all	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
9.x	O
switches	B-Protocol
(	O
and	O
the	O
earlier	O
FTOS	B-Protocol
switches	B-Protocol
)	O
will	O
check	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
BMP	O
server	O
on	O
the	O
network	O
by	O
sending	O
out	O
a	O
DHCP/BOOTP	O
request	O
at	O
boot	O
:	O
if	O
it	O
gets	O
the	O
correct	O
response	O
from	O
the	O
DHCP	O
server	O
(	O
IP	O
address	O
,	O
address	O
of	O
TFTP	O
server	O
and	O
a	O
script/config	O
file	O
name	O
)	O
it	O
will	O
contact	O
a	O
TFTP	O
server	O
to	O
download	O
correct	O
firmware	O
and	O
configuration	O
files	O
and	O
run	O
that	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
will	O
create	O
new	O
challenges	O
for	O
networking	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
datacenter	O
,	O
support	O
automated	O
configuration	O
of	O
datacenter	O
switches	B-Protocol
to	O
connect	O
newly	O
created	O
virtual	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
some	O
models	O
Dell	B-Application
Networking	I-Application
switches	B-Protocol
(	O
currently	O
the	O
S3048-ON	O
,	O
S4048-ON	O
,	O
S4810-ON	O
,	O
S6000-ON	O
and	O
Z9100	O
)	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
run	O
an	O
alternative	O
network	B-Protocol
OS	I-Protocol
:	O
Cumulus	O
Linux	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
will	O
run	O
instead	O
of	O
DNOS	B-Protocol
on	O
top	O
of	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
