<s>
Defender	B-Application
is	O
a	O
horizontally	O
scrolling	O
shooter	O
video	O
game	O
developed	O
by	O
Williams	O
Electronics	O
in	O
1980	O
and	O
released	O
for	O
arcades	B-Application
in	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
was	O
led	O
by	O
Eugene	O
Jarvis	O
,	O
a	O
pinball	O
programmer	O
at	O
Williams	O
;	O
Defender	B-Application
was	O
Jarvis	O
 '	O
first	O
video	O
game	O
project	O
and	O
drew	O
inspiration	O
from	O
Space	B-Application
Invaders	I-Application
and	O
Asteroids	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defender	B-Application
was	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
late	O
1980	O
,	O
before	O
entering	O
production	O
in	O
early	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defender	B-Application
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
titles	O
of	O
the	O
golden	O
age	O
of	O
arcade	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
selling	O
over	O
55,000	O
units	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
best-selling	O
game	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
highest-grossing	O
arcade	B-Application
games	O
ever	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defender	B-Application
is	O
a	O
side-view	O
,	O
horizontally	O
scrolling	O
shooter	O
set	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
an	O
unnamed	O
planet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
last	O
resort	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
hyperspace	B-Application
"	O
button	O
works	O
as	O
in	O
Asteroids	B-Application
:	O
the	O
player	O
's	O
ship	O
reappears	O
in	O
a	O
random	O
—	O
possibly	O
unsafe	O
—	O
location	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
ship	O
is	O
lost	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
hit	O
by	O
an	O
enemy	O
or	O
its	O
projectiles	O
,	O
or	O
if	O
a	O
hyperspace	B-Application
jump	O
goes	O
wrong	O
(	O
as	O
they	O
randomly	O
do	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defender	B-Application
was	O
Williams	O
Electronics	O
 '	O
first	O
attempt	O
at	O
developing	O
a	O
new	O
video	O
game	O
;	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
earlier	O
game	O
was	O
a	O
Pong	B-Application
clone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popularity	O
of	O
coin-operated	O
arcade	B-Application
games	O
in	O
1979	O
spurred	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
shift	O
its	O
focus	O
from	O
pinball	O
games	O
to	O
arcade	B-Application
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
Jarvis	O
spent	O
3	O
–	O
4months	O
developing	O
color	O
variations	O
of	O
Taito	O
's	O
Space	B-Application
Invaders	I-Application
and	O
Atari	O
's	O
Asteroids	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
inspired	O
by	O
Space	B-Application
Invaders	I-Application
,	O
he	O
created	O
a	O
similar	O
game	O
with	O
new	O
gameplay	O
mechanics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
then	O
shifted	O
to	O
emulating	O
Atari	O
's	O
Asteroids	B-Application
,	O
but	O
hardware	O
differences	O
between	O
Asteroids	B-Application
and	O
Defenders	B-Application
proposed	O
specifications	O
were	O
problematic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Asteroids	B-Application
displays	O
vector	O
graphics	O
on	O
a	O
special	O
monitor	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
staff	O
planned	O
to	O
use	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
graphics	I-Algorithm
on	O
a	O
conventional	O
monitor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
team	O
experimented	O
with	O
recreating	O
the	O
game	O
with	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
graphics	I-Algorithm
,	O
but	O
also	O
abandoned	O
it	O
because	O
they	O
felt	O
the	O
gameplay	O
lacked	O
enjoyment	O
and	O
visual	O
appeal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Expanding	O
on	O
the	O
idea	O
,	O
they	O
envisioned	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Space	B-Application
Invaders	I-Application
rotated	O
90degrees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
changing	O
the	O
orientation	O
of	O
Space	B-Application
Invaders	I-Application
design	O
,	O
the	O
ship	O
moved	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
while	O
flying	O
horizontally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Large	O
asteroids	B-Application
,	O
an	O
element	O
from	O
Asteroids	B-Application
,	O
were	O
then	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
game	O
world	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
later	O
removed	O
because	O
the	O
staff	O
felt	O
it	O
lacked	O
enjoyment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inspired	O
by	O
the	O
1960s	O
television	O
show	O
The	O
Defenders	B-Application
,	O
Jarvis	O
titled	O
the	O
game	O
Defender	B-Application
,	O
reasoning	O
that	O
the	O
title	O
helped	O
justify	O
the	O
violence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
enemies	O
quickly	O
follow	O
the	O
spaceship	O
to	O
collide	O
with	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
similar	O
enemy	O
in	O
Asteroids	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
evening	O
before	O
the	O
trade	O
show	O
,	O
the	O
arcade	B-Application
cabinets	O
were	O
delivered	O
for	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
developers	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
forgot	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
attract	O
mode	O
(	O
an	O
automated	O
sequence	O
designed	O
to	O
entice	O
an	O
audience	O
to	O
play	O
)	O
and	O
high	O
score	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
and	O
began	O
working	O
on	O
them	O
that	O
night	O
,	O
with	O
DeMar	O
coding	O
the	O
attract	O
mode	O
,	O
Dussault	O
and	O
Dicker	O
creating	O
the	O
high	O
score	O
table	O
,	O
and	O
Jarvis	O
doing	O
playtesting	O
and	O
bug	B-Error_Name
fixes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
the	O
next	O
morning	O
,	O
the	O
team	O
created	O
the	O
final	O
EPROM	B-General_Concept
chips	O
for	O
the	O
mode	O
and	O
installed	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
cabinet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
chips	O
were	O
put	O
in	O
backwards	O
,	O
causing	O
an	O
electrical	O
short	O
when	O
the	O
cabinet	O
was	O
turned	O
on	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
team	O
had	O
to	O
quickly	O
burn	O
a	O
new	O
set	O
of	O
EPROMs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
features	O
amplified	O
monaural	O
sound	O
and	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
graphics	I-Algorithm
on	O
a	O
CRT	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Motorola	B-Device
6809	I-Device
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
handles	O
the	O
graphics	O
and	O
gameplay	O
,	O
while	O
a	O
Motorola	B-Device
6800	I-Device
microprocessor	O
handles	O
the	O
audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
pack	O
of	O
three	O
AA	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
provide	O
power	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
settings	O
and	O
high	O
scores	O
when	O
the	O
machine	O
is	O
unplugged	O
from	O
an	O
electrical	O
outlet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
games	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
relied	O
on	O
hardware	O
to	O
animate	O
graphics	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
developers	O
decided	O
to	O
use	O
software	O
to	O
handle	O
animation	O
and	O
programmed	O
the	O
game	O
in	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jarvis	O
designed	O
the	O
controls	O
to	O
emulate	O
both	O
Space	B-Application
Invaders	I-Application
and	O
Asteroids	B-Application
simultaneously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
player	O
's	O
left	O
hand	O
manipulates	O
the	O
joystick	O
similar	O
to	O
Space	B-Application
Invaders	I-Application
and	O
the	O
right	O
hand	O
pushes	O
buttons	O
similar	O
to	O
Asteroids	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
button	O
functions	O
also	O
use	O
a	O
similar	O
layout	O
to	O
Asteroids	B-Application
,	O
with	O
the	O
button	O
to	O
shoot	O
projectiles	O
and	O
accelerate	O
on	O
the	O
far	O
right	O
and	O
left	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
well-received	O
in	O
arcades	B-Application
,	O
and	O
crowds	O
gathered	O
around	O
the	O
cabinet	O
during	O
its	O
first	O
nights	O
of	O
play	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defender	B-Application
eventually	O
became	O
Williams	O
 '	O
best-selling	O
arcade	B-Application
game	O
,	O
with	O
over	O
55,000	O
units	O
sold	O
worldwide	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
became	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
highest	O
grossing	O
arcade	B-Application
games	O
ever	O
,	O
earning	O
over	O
US$1billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
it	O
has	O
sold	O
70,000	O
arcade	B-Application
units	O
and	O
grossed	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
1981	O
arcade	B-Application
game	O
charts	O
,	O
it	O
topped	O
the	O
Play	O
Meter	O
arcade	B-Application
chart	O
in	O
August	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
RePlay	O
arcade	B-Application
charts	O
for	O
most	O
months	O
between	O
April	O
and	O
November	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
annual	O
Cash	O
Box	O
and	O
RePlay	O
arcade	B-Application
charts	O
listed	O
Defender	B-Application
as	O
the	O
second	O
highest-grossing	O
arcade	B-Application
game	I-Application
of	I-Application
1981	I-Application
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
just	O
below	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amusement	O
&	O
Music	O
Operators	O
Association	O
(	O
AMOA	O
)	O
later	O
listed	O
Defender	B-Application
among	O
America	O
's	O
six	O
highest-grossing	O
arcade	B-Application
games	I-Application
of	I-Application
1982	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Japan	O
,	O
Defender	B-Application
was	O
not	O
as	O
highly	O
successful	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
a	O
moderate	O
success	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
tied	O
with	O
Turbo	B-Application
and	O
Galaxian	B-Application
as	O
Japan	O
's	O
18th	O
highest-grossing	O
arcade	B-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
of	I-Application
1981	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
VCS	I-General_Concept
port	O
sold	O
over	O
copies	O
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
second	O
best-selling	O
Atari	O
home	B-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
of	I-Application
1982	I-Application
(	O
just	O
below	O
the	O
Atari	O
version	O
of	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
68,993	O
copies	O
of	O
Defender	B-Application
were	O
returned	O
in	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Softline	O
in	O
1983	O
wrote	O
that	O
it	O
"	O
remains	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
hardest	O
arcade	B-Application
games	O
ever	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ed	O
Driscoll	O
reviewed	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
version	O
of	O
Defender	B-Application
(	O
where	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
graphical	O
limitations	O
,	O
was	O
reformatted	O
to	O
a	O
city	O
setting	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
planet	O
setting	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
arcade	B-Application
version	O
)	O
in	O
The	O
Space	O
Gamer	O
No	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defender	B-Application
lovers	O
have	O
a	O
few	O
gripes	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
would	O
recommend	O
this	O
one	O
to	O
any	O
VCS	O
owner	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
port	O
won	O
the	O
"	O
Best	O
Science	O
Fiction/Fantasy	O
Videogame	O
"	O
category	O
in	O
the	O
1983	O
Arcade	B-Application
Awards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1983	O
Softline	O
readers	O
named	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
8-bit	I-Device
version	O
fifth	O
on	O
the	O
magazine	O
's	O
Top	O
Thirty	O
list	O
of	O
Atari	O
programs	O
by	O
popularity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
magazine	O
was	O
more	O
critical	O
,	O
stating	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
appeal	O
does	O
not	O
justify	O
its	O
unreasonable	O
cost	O
"	O
of	O
being	O
shipped	O
on	O
ROM	B-Protocol
cartridges	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
David	O
H	O
.	O
Ahl	O
of	O
Creative	O
Computing	O
Video	O
&	O
Arcade	B-Application
Games	O
said	O
in	O
1983	O
that	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
5200	I-General_Concept
version	O
was	O
"	O
a	O
substantial	O
challenge	O
to	O
the	O
most	O
seasoned	O
space	O
gamers	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer	O
Games	O
magazine	O
reviewed	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
conversion	O
,	O
giving	O
it	O
a	O
mixed	O
review	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	O
,	O
Flux	O
magazine	O
rated	O
Defender	B-Application
34th	O
in	O
its	O
Top	O
100	O
Video	O
Games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
lauded	O
the	O
game	O
stating	O
:	O
"	O
the	O
ultimate	O
side	O
scrolling	O
arcade	B-Application
shooter.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Next	O
Generation	O
ranked	O
the	O
arcade	B-Application
version	O
as	O
number	O
13	O
on	O
their	O
1996	O
"	O
Top	O
100	O
Games	O
of	O
All	O
Time	O
"	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
its	O
balanced	O
difficulty	O
makes	O
gamers	O
keep	O
coming	O
back	O
for	O
more	O
instead	O
of	O
giving	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
,	O
Next	O
Generation	O
listed	O
Defender	B-Application
as	O
number	O
23	O
on	O
their	O
"	O
Top	O
50	O
Games	O
of	O
All	O
Time	O
"	O
,	O
commenting	O
that	O
"	O
despite	O
exceptionally	O
complicated	O
controls	O
,	O
gamers	O
fell	O
in	O
love	O
at	O
first	O
sight	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
Defender	B-Application
was	O
inducted	O
into	O
GameSpot	O
's	O
list	O
of	O
the	O
greatest	O
games	O
of	O
all	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
Guinness	O
World	O
Records	O
listed	O
it	O
as	O
the	O
number	O
six	O
arcade	B-Application
game	O
in	O
technical	O
,	O
creative	O
,	O
and	O
cultural	O
impact	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
Retro	O
Gamer	O
rated	O
the	O
game	O
number	O
ten	O
on	O
their	O
list	O
of	O
"	O
Top	O
25	O
Arcade	B-Application
Games	O
"	O
,	O
citing	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
technical	O
achievement	O
and	O
a	O
difficult	O
title	O
with	O
addictive	O
gameplay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
Edge	O
ranked	O
Defender	B-Application
the	O
sixth	O
best	O
game	O
from	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GameSpy	O
's	O
David	O
Cuciz	O
lauded	O
Defenders	B-Application
challenging	O
gameplay	O
,	O
commenting	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
representative	O
of	O
what	O
other	O
games	O
should	O
be	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GameDaily	O
in	O
2009	O
rated	O
Defender	B-Application
the	O
ninth	O
most	O
difficult	O
game	O
,	O
citing	O
the	O
attack	O
and	O
rescue	O
gameplay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Author	O
Steven	O
L	O
.	O
Kent	O
called	O
it	O
"	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
toughest	O
games	O
in	O
arcade	B-Application
history	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sellers	O
described	O
Defender'''s	O
difficulty	O
as	O
"	O
humbling	O
"	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
few	O
could	O
play	O
it	O
with	O
proficiency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Edge	O
magazine	O
called	O
Defender	B-Application
"	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
difficult-to-master	O
"	O
games	O
,	O
describing	O
its	O
controls	O
as	O
"	O
daunting	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Competitive	O
playing	O
for	O
the	O
longest	O
play	O
time	O
was	O
popularized	O
by	O
Mario	O
Suarez	O
from	O
Atlantic	O
City	O
,	O
who	O
played	O
Defender	B-Application
for	O
over	O
21	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
hours	O
in	O
1982	O
at	O
the	O
Claridge	O
Casino	O
Hotel	O
in	O
Atlantic	O
City	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Expert	O
players	O
exploited	O
software	B-Error_Name
bugs	I-Error_Name
to	O
extend	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
their	O
play	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defender	B-Application
was	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
Twin	O
Galaxies	O
video	O
game	O
contest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
bug	B-Error_Name
,	O
related	O
to	O
how	O
the	O
game	O
keeps	O
track	O
of	O
scoring	O
,	O
allows	O
players	O
to	O
earn	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
"	O
extra	O
lives	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
allow	O
the	O
ship	O
to	O
avoid	O
damage	O
from	O
the	O
enemies	O
,	O
also	O
prolonging	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
play.Defender	O
is	O
considered	O
the	O
first	O
side-scrolling	O
shoot	O
'	O
em	O
up	O
,	O
predating	O
Scramble	B-Application
by	O
two	O
months	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Professor	O
Jim	O
Whitehead	O
described	O
Defender	B-Application
as	O
a	O
breakthrough	O
title	O
for	O
its	O
use	O
of	O
full	O
2D	O
motion	O
,	O
multiple	O
goals	O
,	O
and	O
complex	O
gameplay	O
that	O
provides	O
players	O
with	O
several	O
methods	O
to	O
play	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
James	O
Hague	O
of	O
Dadgum	O
Games	O
called	O
Defender	B-Application
a	O
landmark	O
title	O
from	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cuciz	O
stated	O
that	O
Defenders	B-Application
use	O
of	O
scrolling	O
introduced	O
the	O
"	O
first	O
true	O
'	O
gaming	O
environment	O
 '	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
further	O
said	O
that	O
though	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
mini-map	O
feature	O
had	O
been	O
introduced	O
before	O
,	O
Defender	B-Application
integrated	O
it	O
into	O
the	O
gameplay	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
essential	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
commented	O
that	O
its	O
realism	O
and	O
technological	O
advances	O
pushed	O
developers	O
to	O
create	O
more	O
popular	O
games	O
,	O
citing	O
Gorf	B-Application
and	O
Phoenix	B-Application
as	O
examples	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ellis	O
stated	O
that	O
prior	O
to	O
Defender	B-Application
,	O
companies	O
designed	O
video	O
games	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
balanced	O
challenge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Loguidice	O
and	O
Barton	O
commented	O
that	O
Defenders	B-Application
success	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
Robotron	B-Application
:	I-Application
2084	I-Application
,	O
illustrated	O
that	O
video	O
game	O
enthusiasts	O
were	O
ready	O
for	O
more	O
difficult	O
games	O
,	O
which	O
spurred	O
developers	O
to	O
create	O
more	O
complex	O
game	O
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Author	O
John	O
Vince	O
considered	O
him	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
originators	O
of	O
"	O
high-action	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
reflex-based	O
"	O
arcade	B-Application
games	O
,	O
citing	O
Defenders	B-Application
gameplay	O
among	O
other	O
games	O
designed	O
by	O
Jarvis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ellis	O
said	O
that	O
Jarvis	O
established	O
himself	O
as	O
an	O
early	O
"	O
hard-core	O
"	O
designer	O
with	O
Defender	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
IGN	O
listed	O
Eugene	O
Jarvis	O
as	O
a	O
top	O
game	O
designer	O
whose	O
titles	O
(	O
Defender	B-Application
,	O
Robotron	B-Application
:	I-Application
2084	I-Application
and	O
Smash	B-Application
TV	I-Application
)	O
have	O
influenced	O
the	O
video	O
game	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Barton	O
and	O
Loguidice	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
game	O
helped	O
establish	O
Williams	O
and	O
Jarvis	O
as	O
key	O
figures	O
in	O
the	O
arcade	B-Application
game	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
Defender	B-Application
,	O
Williams	O
expanded	O
their	O
business	O
by	O
building	O
a	O
new	O
facility	O
and	O
hired	O
more	O
employees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
green	O
,	O
white	O
,	O
and	O
red	O
icon	O
in	O
the	O
upper	O
right	O
corner	O
partially	O
covers	O
a	O
brown-and-yellow	O
alien	O
creature.	O
|A	O
2002	B-Application
remake	I-Application
with	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
has	O
gameplay	O
elements	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
3D	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
success	O
of	O
Defender	B-Application
prompted	O
Williams	O
to	O
approach	O
Vid	O
Kidz	O
,	O
who	O
originally	O
wanted	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DeMar	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
suggested	O
creating	O
an	O
enhanced	O
version	O
of	O
Defender	B-Application
to	O
meet	O
Williams	O
 '	O
four-month	O
deadline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vid	O
Kidz	O
titled	O
the	O
game	O
Stargate	B-Application
,	O
and	O
developed	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
sequel	O
to	O
Defender	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
home	O
ports	O
of	O
Stargate	B-Application
were	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
title	O
Defender	B-Application
II	I-Application
for	O
trademark	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Williams	O
released	O
a	O
Defender-themed	O
pinball	O
machine	O
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Midway	O
's	O
1991	O
Strike	B-Application
Force	I-Application
is	O
an	O
arcade	B-Application
update	O
to	O
Defender	B-Application
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
that	O
Smash	B-Application
TV	I-Application
is	O
an	O
update	O
to	O
Robotron	B-Application
:	I-Application
2084	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	O
Corporation	O
released	O
Defender	B-Application
2000	O
in	O
1995	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
Jaguar	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
written	O
by	O
Jeff	O
Minter	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
previously	O
updated	O
Tempest	B-Application
as	O
Tempest	B-Application
2000.Defender	O
is	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
1996	O
compilation	O
Williams	O
Arcade	B-Application
's	O
Greatest	O
Hits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1997	O
,	O
Tiger	O
Electronics	O
released	O
a	O
handheld	O
edition	O
of	O
Defender	B-Application
with	O
a	O
grayscale	O
LCD	B-Device
screen	I-Device
,	O
which	O
doubles	O
as	O
a	O
keychain	B-Application
ornament	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2002	B-Application
remake	I-Application
,	O
published	O
simply	O
as	O
Defender	B-Application
,	O
uses	O
3D	O
graphics	O
and	O
a	O
third-person	O
viewpoint	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
Xbox	B-Protocol
,	O
GameCube	B-Application
,	O
and	O
PlayStation	B-Device
2	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Home	O
games	O
that	O
copied	O
Defenders	B-Application
design	O
include	O
Gorgon	B-Device
(	O
1981	O
)	O
and	O
Repton	B-Application
(	O
1983	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
Alien	O
Defense	O
(	O
1981	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
TRS	O
80	O
Model	O
III	O
,	O
Defender	B-Application
64	O
(	O
1983	O
)	O
and	O
Guardian	O
(	O
1984	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
Commodore	O
64	O
,	O
Invasion	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Body	I-Application
Snatchas	I-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
(	O
1983	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
,	O
Dropzone	B-Application
(	O
1984	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
8-bit	I-Device
family	I-Device
,	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
BBC	B-Device
Micro	I-Device
Defender	B-Application
(	O
1982	O
)	O
was	O
renamed	O
to	O
Planetoid	O
(	O
1984	O
)	O
to	O
avoid	O
litigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
influenced	O
Jeff	O
Minter	O
's	O
Andes	O
Attack	O
for	O
the	O
VIC-20	B-Device
home	O
computer	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
his	O
bigravitational	O
Sheep	B-Device
in	I-Device
Space	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
games	O
built	O
upon	O
the	O
core	O
concept	O
of	O
protecting	O
people	O
or	O
vehicles	O
along	O
the	O
ground	O
in	O
a	O
horizontally	O
scrolling	O
world	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Protector	B-Application
II	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
8-bit	I-Device
family	I-Device
,	O
Chopper	B-Application
Command	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
Choplifter	B-Application
,	O
all	O
three	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
released	O
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
later	O
games	O
were	O
also	O
influenced	O
by	O
Defender	B-Application
,	O
like	O
Datastorm	B-Application
(	O
1989	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
Amiga	O
and	O
Fantasy	B-Application
Zone	I-Application
(	O
1986	O
)	O
for	O
arcades	B-Application
and	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
home	B-Device
consoles	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
has	O
been	O
referenced	O
in	O
music	O
:	O
Lou	O
Reed	O
's	O
song	O
"	O
Down	O
At	O
The	O
Arcade	B-Application
"	O
on	O
his	O
1984	O
album	O
New	O
Sensations	O
,	O
Manilla	O
Road	O
's	O
song	O
"	O
Defender	B-Application
"	O
on	O
their	O
1982	O
album	O
Metal	O
,	O
Buckner	O
&	O
Garcia	O
's	O
song	O
"	O
The	O
Defender	B-Application
"	O
on	O
their	O
1982	O
album	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
Fever	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Beastie	O
Boys	O
 '	O
song	O
"	O
Body	O
Movin	O
 '	O
"	O
on	O
their	O
1998	O
album	O
Hello	O
Nasty	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nerdcore	O
rapper	O
MC	O
Chris	O
mentions	O
Defender	B-Application
in	O
the	O
chorus	O
of	O
his	O
anthemic	O
song	O
"	O
Never	O
Give	O
Up	O
"	O
from	O
his	O
2008	O
album	O
,	O
MC	O
Chris	O
is	O
Dead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
artists	O
to	O
have	O
used	O
sound	O
effects	O
from	O
Defender	B-Application
include	O
Aphex	O
Twin	O
(	O
on	O
"	O
Mt	O
Saint	O
Michel	O
+	O
Saint	O
Michaels	O
Mount	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Bucephalus	O
Bouncing	O
Ball	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Limp	O
Bizkit	O
(	O
used	O
to	O
censor	O
swearing	O
on	O
the	O
clean	O
version	O
of	O
"	O
My	O
Generation	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Ready	O
Player	O
One	O
,	O
the	O
ship	O
from	O
Defender	B-Application
is	O
referenced	O
,	O
mentioning	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
jump	O
into	O
hyperspace	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Wonder	O
Woman	O
1984	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
Shopping	O
Mall	O
scene	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
Defender	B-Application
machine	O
visible	O
inside	O
the	O
Amusement	O
Centre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
fourth	O
episode	O
of	O
season	O
3	O
of	O
NewsRadio''	O
entitled	O
"	O
Arcade	B-Application
"	O
,	O
station	O
manager	O
Dave	O
's	O
addiction	O
to	O
Defender	B-Application
as	O
a	O
teenager	O
returns	O
when	O
the	O
station	O
gets	O
a	O
Defender	B-Application
arcade	B-Application
machine	O
to	O
replace	O
an	O
unused	O
sandwich	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defender	B-Application
is	O
one	O
of	O
many	O
classic	O
arcade	B-Application
games	O
that	O
appear	O
in	O
the	O
Midway	O
Arcade	B-Application
World	O
in	O
Lego	B-Application
Dimensions	I-Application
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
played	O
in	O
Gamer	O
Kid	O
’s	O
level	O
“	O
Retro	O
Wreckage	O
”	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
level	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
is	O
shown	O
playing	O
Defender	B-Application
on	O
his	O
phone	O
while	O
he	O
has	O
his	O
headphones	O
in	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
playable	O
in	O
Gamer	O
Kid	O
’s	O
world	O
using	O
the	O
Arcade	B-Application
Machine	O
vehicle	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
Gamer	O
Kid	O
’s	O
Level	O
Pack	O
.	O
</s>
