<s>
Deepfake	B-Application
pornography	O
,	O
or	O
simply	O
fake	O
pornography	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
synthetic	O
porn	O
that	O
is	O
created	O
via	O
altering	O
already-existing	O
pornographic	O
material	O
by	O
applying	O
deepfake	B-Application
technology	O
to	O
the	O
faces	O
of	O
the	O
actors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
deepfake	B-Application
porn	O
has	O
sparked	O
controversy	O
because	O
it	O
involves	O
the	O
making	O
and	O
sharing	O
of	O
realistic	O
videos	O
featuring	O
non-consenting	O
individuals	O
,	O
typically	O
female	O
celebrities	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
sometimes	O
used	O
for	O
revenge	O
porn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
deepfake''	O
was	O
coined	O
in	O
2017	O
on	O
a	O
Reddit	B-Application
forum	O
where	O
users	O
shared	O
altered	O
pornographic	O
videos	O
created	O
using	O
machine	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deepfake	B-Application
porn	O
was	O
originally	O
created	O
on	O
a	O
small	O
individual	O
scale	O
using	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
machine	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
,	O
computer	O
vision	O
techniques	O
,	O
and	O
AI	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
process	O
began	O
by	O
gathering	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
source	O
material	O
(	O
including	O
both	O
images	O
and	O
videos	O
)	O
of	O
a	O
person	O
face	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
using	O
a	O
deep	O
learning	O
model	O
to	O
train	O
a	O
Generative	B-Algorithm
Adversarial	I-Algorithm
Network	I-Algorithm
(	O
GAN	O
)	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
fake	O
video	O
that	O
convincingly	O
swaps	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
material	O
onto	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
a	O
porn	O
performer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
downloadable	O
Windows	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
application	O
called	O
DeepNude	B-Algorithm
was	O
released	O
which	O
used	O
GAN	O
to	O
remove	O
clothing	O
from	O
images	O
of	O
women	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
GitHub	B-Application
,	O
the	O
open-source	B-License
version	O
of	O
this	O
program	O
called	O
"	O
open-deepnude	O
"	O
was	O
deleted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
open-source	B-License
version	O
had	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
allowing	O
to	O
be	O
trained	O
on	O
a	O
larger	O
dataset	O
of	O
nude	O
images	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
resulting	O
nude	O
image	O
's	O
accuracy	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2019	O
a	O
deepfake	B-Application
bot	O
service	O
was	O
launched	O
on	O
messaging	O
app	O
Telegram	B-Application
that	O
uses	O
AI	B-Application
technology	O
to	O
create	O
nude	O
images	O
of	O
women	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
service	O
is	O
connected	O
to	O
seven	O
Telegram	B-Application
channels	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
main	O
channel	O
that	O
hosts	O
the	O
bot	O
,	O
technical	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
image	O
sharing	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deepfake	B-Application
technology	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
non-consensual	O
and	O
pornographic	O
images	O
and	O
videos	O
of	O
famous	O
women	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
examples	O
occurred	O
in	O
2017	O
when	O
a	O
deepfake	B-Application
pornographic	O
video	O
of	O
Gal	O
Gadot	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
a	O
Reddit	B-Application
user	O
and	O
quickly	O
spread	O
online	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
numerous	O
instances	O
of	O
similar	O
deepfake	B-Application
content	O
targeting	O
other	O
female	O
celebrities	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Emma	O
Watson	O
,	O
Natalie	O
Portman	O
,	O
and	O
Scarlett	O
Johansson	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2023	O
,	O
the	O
popular	O
Twitch	O
streamer	O
"	O
Atrioc''	O
stirred	O
controversy	O
when	O
he	O
accidentally	O
revealed	O
deepfake	B-Application
pornographic	O
material	O
featuring	O
fellow	O
female	O
streamers	O
while	O
on	O
live	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
influencer	O
has	O
since	O
admitted	O
to	O
paying	O
for	O
AI	B-Application
generated	O
porn	O
,	O
and	O
apologized	O
to	O
the	O
women	O
and	O
his	O
fans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
those	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
deepfakes	B-Application
were	O
Pokimane	O
,	O
Maya	O
Higa	O
,	O
and	O
QTCinderella	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deepfake	B-Application
technology	O
has	O
made	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
child	O
sexual	O
abuse	O
material	O
(	O
CSAM	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
often	O
referenced	O
to	O
as	O
child	O
pornography	O
,	O
faster	O
,	O
safer	O
and	O
easier	O
than	O
it	O
has	O
ever	O
been	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deepfakes	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
produce	O
new	O
CSAM	O
from	O
already	O
existing	O
material	O
or	O
creating	O
CSAM	O
from	O
children	O
who	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
subjected	O
to	O
sexual	O
abuse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deepfake	B-Application
CSAM	O
can	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
have	O
real	O
and	O
direct	O
implications	O
on	O
children	O
including	O
defamation	O
,	O
grooming	O
,	O
extortion	O
,	O
and	O
bullying	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deepfake	B-Application
detection	O
has	O
become	O
an	O
increasingly	O
important	O
area	O
of	O
research	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
as	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
fake	O
videos	O
and	O
images	O
has	O
become	O
more	O
prevalent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
promising	O
approach	O
to	O
detecting	O
deepfakes	B-Application
is	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Convolutional	B-Architecture
Neural	I-Architecture
Networks	I-Architecture
(	O
CNNs	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
shown	O
high	O
accuracy	O
in	O
distinguishing	O
between	O
real	O
and	O
fake	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
CNN-based	O
algorithm	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
specifically	O
for	O
deepfake	B-Application
detection	O
is	O
DeepRhythm	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
demonstrated	O
an	O
impressive	O
accuracy	O
score	O
of	O
0.98	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
algorithm	O
utilizes	O
a	O
pre-trained	O
CNN	B-Architecture
to	O
extract	O
features	O
from	O
facial	O
regions	O
of	O
interest	O
and	O
then	O
applies	O
a	O
novel	O
attention	O
mechanism	O
to	O
identify	O
discrepancies	O
between	O
the	O
original	O
and	O
manipulated	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
more	O
sophisticated	O
deepfake	B-Application
technology	O
presents	O
ongoing	O
challenges	O
to	O
detection	O
efforts	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
accuracy	O
of	O
algorithms	O
like	O
DeepRhythm	O
offers	O
a	O
promising	O
tool	O
for	O
identifying	O
and	O
mitigating	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
harmful	O
deepfakes	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
Deepware	O
launched	O
the	O
first	O
publicly	O
available	O
detection	O
tool	O
which	O
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
easily	O
scan	O
and	O
detect	O
deepfake	B-Application
videos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
upload	O
a	O
suspected	O
video	O
or	O
input	O
a	O
link	O
,	O
and	O
receive	O
a	O
confidence	O
score	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
manipulation	O
in	O
a	O
deepfake	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2023	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
legislation	O
that	O
specifically	O
addresses	O
deepfake	B-Application
pornography	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
legal	O
recourse	O
for	O
victims	O
of	O
deepfake	B-Application
porngraphy	O
is	O
pursuing	O
a	O
claim	O
of	O
“	O
revenge	O
porn	O
”	O
because	O
the	O
images	O
are	O
non-consensual	O
and	O
intimate	O
in	O
nature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
“	O
Deepfake	B-Application
Accountability	O
Act	O
”	O
was	O
introduced	O
to	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Congress	O
in	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
major	O
online	O
platforms	O
have	O
taken	O
steps	O
to	O
ban	O
deepfake	B-Application
pornography	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2018	O
,	O
gfycat	O
,	O
reddit	B-Application
,	O
Twitter	B-Application
,	O
Discord	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Pornhub	O
have	O
all	O
prohibited	O
the	O
uploading	O
and	O
sharing	O
of	O
deepfake	B-Application
pornographic	O
content	O
on	O
their	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
of	O
that	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
also	O
added	O
"	O
involuntary	O
synthetic	O
pornographic	O
imagery	O
"	O
to	O
its	O
ban	O
list	O
,	O
allowing	O
individuals	O
to	O
request	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
such	O
content	O
from	O
search	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
's	O
worth	O
noting	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
while	O
Pornhub	O
has	O
taken	O
a	O
stance	O
against	O
non-consensual	O
content	O
,	O
searching	O
for	O
"	O
deepfake	B-Application
''	O
on	O
their	O
website	O
still	O
yields	O
results	O
and	O
they	O
continue	O
to	O
run	O
ads	O
for	O
deepfake	B-Application
websites	O
and	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
