<s>
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
(	O
also	O
capitalised	O
as	O
defrag	B-Operating_System
,	O
abbreviated	O
as	O
df	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
name	O
comes	O
from	O
«	O
Défis	O
Fragdome	O
»	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
modification	O
for	O
id	O
Software	O
's	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
computer	O
game	O
Quake	B-Application
III	I-Application
Arena	I-Application
(	O
Q3A	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hence	O
it	O
constitutes	O
an	O
exception	O
among	O
other	O
Q3A	B-Application
mods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specially	O
designed	O
maps	O
are	O
provided	O
that	O
will	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
player	O
's	O
movement	O
abilities	O
to	O
be	O
completed	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
finish	O
line	O
,	O
while	O
standard	O
Q3A	B-Application
maps	O
and	O
Capture	B-Application
the	I-Application
Flag	I-Application
(	O
CTF	O
)	O
fast	O
captures	O
are	O
supported	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
gamespace	O
physics	O
from	O
both	O
the	O
original	O
Q3A	B-Application
and	O
the	O
Challenge	B-Operating_System
ProMode	I-Operating_System
Arena	I-Operating_System
(	O
CPMA	O
)	O
mod	O
are	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
was	O
selected	O
as	O
"	O
Mod	O
of	O
the	O
Week	O
"	O
at	O
Planet	O
Quake	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
was	O
initially	O
designed	O
for	O
making	O
possible	O
a	O
new	O
kind	O
of	O
competition	O
based	O
on	O
timed	O
runs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
competitions	O
called	O
"	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
runs	O
"	O
differ	O
from	O
common	O
speedruns	O
in	O
several	O
ways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
speedruns	O
,	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
runs	O
are	O
not	O
done	O
in	O
maps	O
from	O
an	O
out-of-the-box	O
original	O
game	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
specially	O
designed	O
and	O
customed	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
maps	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
opponents	O
to	O
be	O
vanquished	O
during	O
the	O
run	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Players	O
download	O
custom-designed	O
maps	O
(	O
more	O
than	O
16000	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
maps	O
are	O
available	O
)	O
and	O
aim	O
to	O
complete	O
the	O
map	O
's	O
objectives	O
in	O
the	O
shortest	O
time	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
mod	O
's	O
highest	O
popularity	O
,	O
the	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
development	O
team	O
periodically	O
released	O
new	O
map	O
packs	O
,	O
containing	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
officially	O
sanctioned	O
maps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
consequence	O
the	O
DeFraG	B-Operating_System
community	O
's	O
individual	O
members	O
engage	O
and	O
specialize	O
in	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
different	O
practices	O
:	O
trickjumping	O
itself	O
,	O
movie	O
making	O
,	O
map	O
making	O
,	O
coding	O
,	O
maintaining	O
websites	O
,	O
portals	O
(	O
for	O
interaction	O
and	O
as	O
archives	O
for	O
maps	O
and	O
movies	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
online	O
scoreboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
modification	O
completely	O
removes	O
violence	O
(	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
explode	O
into	O
bloody	O
chunks	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
otherwise	O
visceral	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
gameplay	O
mode	O
or	O
discipline	O
called	O
"	O
deathmatch	O
"	O
came	O
of	O
age	O
with	O
Doom	B-Application
and	O
was	O
also	O
in	O
Q3A	B-Application
,	O
the	O
latter	O
being	O
dedicated	O
to	O
multiplayer	O
competition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
Doom	B-Application
series	O
was	O
heavily	O
criticized	O
for	O
its	O
gory	O
content	O
,	O
the	O
problem	O
with	O
Q3A	B-Application
was	O
seen	O
to	O
be	O
its	O
focus	O
on	O
deathmatch	O
,	O
because	O
in	O
this	O
discipline	O
the	O
ultimate	O
objective	O
is	O
to	O
kill	O
(	O
"	O
frag	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
many	O
other	O
players	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
in	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
's	O
gameplay	O
modes	O
killing	O
opponents	O
has	O
no	O
place	O
whatsoever	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
gameplay	O
is	O
all	O
about	O
improving	O
the	O
skills	O
to	O
exploit	O
the	O
peculiarities	O
of	O
the	O
Q3A	B-Application
physics	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
move	O
faster	O
,	O
to	O
navigate	O
along	O
courses	O
through	O
the	O
map	O
topographies	O
formerly	O
deemed	O
to	O
be	O
impossible	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
perform	O
moves	O
as	O
yet	O
unseen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
players	O
use	O
them	O
as	O
tools	O
for	O
moving	O
around	O
gamespace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
mod	O
stars	O
prominently	O
in	O
this	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
high-skill	O
requirement	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
fast	O
pace	O
,	O
cause	O
that	O
game	O
movies	O
are	O
often	O
made	O
using	O
content	O
created	O
by	O
playing	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
game	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
demo-playback	O
system	O
includes	O
settings	O
to	O
view	O
the	O
primary	O
player	O
from	O
various	O
angles	O
and	O
perspectives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
machinima	O
phenomenon	O
which	O
originates	O
from	O
the	O
speedrun	O
community	O
of	O
Quake	B-Application
,	O
the	O
first	O
game	O
in	O
the	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
following	O
the	O
argumentation	O
of	O
Stanford	O
historian	O
of	O
science	O
and	O
technology	O
Henry	O
Lowood	O
,	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
called	O
an	O
instance	O
of	O
transformative	O
high-performance	O
play	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
categories	O
were	O
:	O
Best	O
Picture	O
,	O
Best	O
Audio	O
,	O
Best	O
Tech	O
,	O
Best	O
Editing	O
and	O
Direction	O
,	O
and	O
Best	O
Quake	B-Application
Movie	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
2005	O
the	O
art-house	O
short	O
movie	O
defragged	O
directed	O
by	O
Margit	O
Nobis	O
,	O
an	O
instance	O
of	O
Q3A	B-Application
machinima	O
(	O
its	O
name	O
is	O
borrowed	O
from	O
the	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
mod	O
)	O
was	O
shown	O
at	O
numerous	O
prestigious	O
festivals	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Vienna	O
Independent	O
Shorts	O
festival	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
accuracy	O
mode	O
,	O
map	O
is	O
completed	O
after	O
a	O
certain	O
number	O
of	O
targets	O
have	O
been	O
hit	O
with	O
the	O
railgun	O
(	O
a	O
Q3A	B-Application
sniper	O
rifle	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
game	O
physics	O
and	O
ruleset	O
modes	O
—	O
Vanilla	B-General_Concept
Quake	B-Application
3	I-Application
(	O
VQ3	B-Application
)	O
and	O
Challenge	B-Operating_System
ProMode	I-Operating_System
(	O
CPM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VQ3	B-Application
is	O
an	O
original	O
Q3A	B-Application
physics	O
and	O
game	O
ruleset	O
;	O
CPM	O
is	O
an	O
altered	O
game	O
physics	O
delivered	O
from	O
Challenge	B-Operating_System
ProMode	I-Operating_System
Arena	I-Operating_System
modification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
completion	O
of	O
a	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
map	O
requires	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
trickjumping	O
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
techniques	O
included	O
in	O
Q3A	B-Application
and	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
itself	O
includes	O
bunny	O
hopping	O
,	O
air	O
strafing	O
,	O
strafe-jumping	O
,	O
circle-jumping	O
,	O
ramp-jumping	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strafe-jumping	O
(	O
SJ	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
technique	O
necessary	O
to	O
complete	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
maps	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
fundamental	O
technique	O
in	O
trick	O
jumping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
already	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
Quake	B-Application
it	O
was	O
discovered	O
that	O
by	O
non-trivial	O
timed	O
sequences	O
of	O
striking	O
the	O
direction	O
keys	O
(	O
involving	O
moving	O
sideways	O
,	O
"	O
strafing	O
"	O
in	O
gamer	O
language	O
)	O
and	O
movements	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	O
,	O
this	O
limitation	O
of	O
speed	O
could	O
be	O
overcome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
Quake	B-Application
engines	O
are	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
many	O
games	O
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
strafe	O
jumping	O
is	O
existing	O
within	O
other	O
games	O
,	O
too	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
Q3A	B-Application
's	O
trickjumping	O
community	O
developed	O
several	O
distinct	O
sub-techniques	O
including	O
single-beat	O
strafe-jumping	O
,	O
single-beat	O
strafe-jumping	O
with	O
airchange	O
,	O
double-beat	O
strafe-jumping	O
,	O
half-beat	O
strafe-jumping	O
,	O
and	O
inverted	O
strafe-jumping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
mod	O
includes	O
a	O
helping	O
tool	O
,	O
the	O
Camping	O
Gaz	O
Head-Up	O
Display	O
(	O
CGazHUD	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
conveniently	O
graphically	O
formatted	O
real-time	O
feedback	O
on	O
acceleration	O
and	O
angles	O
involved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Q3A	B-Application
four	O
weapons	O
makes	O
self-splash	O
damage	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
combined	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
—	O
rocket	O
and	O
grenade	O
launcher	O
,	O
BFG10K	O
and	O
plasma	O
gun	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rocket-jumping	O
(	O
RJ	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
tricking	O
technique	O
using	O
a	O
weapon	O
that	O
can	O
commonly	O
be	O
observed	O
in	O
Q3A	B-Application
professional	O
deathmatch	O
competition	O
—	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
resulting	O
cost	O
in	O
health	O
with	O
self-inflicting	O
splash	O
damage	O
enabled	O
in	O
this	O
game	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
playing	O
in	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
's	O
multiplayer	O
mode	O
,	O
projectiles	O
fired	O
by	O
other	O
players	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
every	O
weapon	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
this	O
technique	O
;	O
the	O
other	O
player	O
's	O
weapon	O
may	O
deliver	O
additional	O
momentum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
various	O
combinations	O
of	O
direction-keys	O
and	O
mouselook	B-General_Concept
horizontal	O
and	O
diagonal	O
paths	O
are	O
possible	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Techniques	O
exploiting	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
capitalize	O
on	O
flaws	B-Error_Name
in	O
the	O
game	O
engine	O
which	O
in	O
some	O
maps	O
lend	O
special	O
qualities	O
to	O
certain	O
locations	O
resulting	O
in	O
Q3A	B-Application
physics	O
anomalies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DeFRaG	B-Operating_System
mod	O
includes	O
an	O
"	O
overbounce	O
detector	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
tool	O
that	O
helps	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
identify	O
locations	O
in	O
maps	O
where	O
an	O
overbounce	O
is	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
