<s>
The	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
was	O
a	O
mass-produced	O
programmable	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
usable	O
as	O
a	O
computer	O
,	O
designed	O
by	O
Computer	B-General_Concept
Terminal	I-General_Concept
Corporation	O
(	O
CTC	O
)	O
founders	O
Phil	O
Ray	O
and	O
Gus	O
Roche	O
and	O
announced	O
by	O
CTC	O
in	O
June	O
1970	O
(	O
with	O
units	O
shipping	O
in	O
1971	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
initially	O
presented	O
by	O
CTC	O
as	O
a	O
versatile	O
and	O
cost-efficient	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
for	O
connecting	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
mainframes	B-Architecture
by	O
loading	O
various	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
emulations	B-Application
from	O
tape	O
rather	O
than	O
being	O
hardwired	O
as	O
most	O
contemporary	O
terminals	O
,	O
including	O
their	O
earlier	O
Datapoint	B-Device
3300	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
industrial	O
designer	O
John	O
"	O
Jack	O
"	O
Frassanito	O
has	O
later	O
claimed	O
that	O
Ray	O
and	O
Roche	O
always	O
intended	O
the	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
to	O
be	O
a	O
full-blown	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
but	O
that	O
they	O
chose	O
to	O
keep	O
quiet	O
about	O
this	O
so	O
as	O
not	O
to	O
concern	O
investors	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
significant	O
is	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
's	O
multi-chip	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
(	O
processor	O
)	O
'	O
s	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
became	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8008	I-General_Concept
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
inspired	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8080	I-General_Concept
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
x86	B-Operating_System
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
used	O
in	O
the	O
processors	O
for	O
the	O
original	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
and	O
its	O
descendants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
had	O
a	O
built-in	O
full-travel	O
keyboard	B-Device
,	O
a	O
built-in	O
12-line	O
,	O
80-column	O
green	B-Device
screen	I-Device
monitor	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
47	O
character-per-inch	O
cassette	O
tape	O
drives	O
each	O
with	O
130KB	O
capacity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
a	O
Diablo	O
2.5	O
MB	O
2315-type	O
removable	O
cartridge	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
was	O
available	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
modems	B-Application
,	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
serial	B-Protocol
interface	I-Protocol
,	O
parallel	B-Device
interface	I-Device
,	O
printers	O
and	O
a	O
punched	B-Architecture
card	I-Architecture
reader	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
an	O
8-inch	B-Device
floppy	I-Device
disk	O
drive	O
was	O
also	O
made	O
available	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
other	O
,	O
larger	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
1977	O
,	O
Datapoint	O
introduced	O
ARCNET	B-Protocol
local	O
area	O
networking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Type	O
2	O
2200	O
used	O
denser	O
1	O
kbit	O
RAM	B-Architecture
chips	I-Architecture
,	O
giving	O
it	O
a	O
default	O
4K	O
of	O
memory	O
,	O
expandable	O
to	O
16K	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
8-bit	O
processor	O
architecture	O
that	O
CTC	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
was	O
implemented	O
in	O
four	O
distinct	O
ways	O
,	O
all	O
with	O
nearly	O
identical	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
very	O
different	O
internal	O
microarchitectures	B-General_Concept
:	O
CTC	O
's	O
original	O
design	O
that	O
communicated	O
data	O
serially	O
,	O
CTC	O
's	O
parallel	O
design	O
,	O
the	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
TMC	O
1795	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8008	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
Version	O
II	O
(	O
CTC	O
's	O
parallel	O
design	O
)	O
was	O
much	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
TMC	O
1795	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
slightly	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
original	O
serial	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
was	O
considerably	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
8008	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fact	O
that	O
most	O
laptops	O
and	O
cloud	O
computers	O
today	O
store	O
numbers	O
in	O
little-endian	O
format	O
is	O
carried	O
forward	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
original	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
had	O
a	O
serial	B-General_Concept
processor	I-General_Concept
,	O
it	O
needed	O
to	O
start	O
with	O
the	O
lowest	O
bit	O
of	O
the	O
lowest	O
byte	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
handle	O
carries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microprocessors	B-Architecture
descended	O
from	O
the	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
(	O
the	O
8008	B-General_Concept
,	O
Z80	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
the	O
x86	B-Operating_System
chips	O
used	O
in	O
most	O
laptops	O
and	O
cloud	O
computers	O
today	O
)	O
kept	O
the	O
little-endian	O
format	O
used	O
by	O
that	O
original	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
design	O
called	O
for	O
a	O
single-chip	O
8-bit	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
for	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
,	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
processor	O
built	O
from	O
discrete	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
modules	O
as	O
was	O
conventional	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CTC	O
released	O
the	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
using	O
about	O
100	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
components	O
(	O
SSI/MSI	O
chips	O
)	O
instead	O
of	O
a	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
,	O
while	O
Intel	O
's	O
single-chip	O
design	O
,	O
eventually	O
designated	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8008	I-General_Concept
,	O
was	O
finally	O
released	O
in	O
April	O
1972	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
though	O
the	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
processor	O
design	O
employed	O
a	O
1-bit	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
,	O
operating	O
serially	O
one	O
bit	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
performed	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8008	I-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
which	O
employed	O
an	O
8-bit	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Possibly	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
speed	O
advantages	O
compared	O
to	O
MOS	O
circuits	O
,	O
Datapoint	O
continued	O
to	O
build	O
processors	O
out	O
of	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
chips	O
until	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nonetheless	O
the	O
8008	B-General_Concept
was	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
seminal	O
importance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
Intel	O
's	O
line	O
of	O
8-bit	O
CPUs	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
their	O
assembly	O
language	O
compatible	O
16-bit	O
CPUs	O
—	O
the	O
first	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
x86	B-Operating_System
family	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
was	O
later	O
to	O
be	O
known	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Already	O
successful	O
and	O
widely	O
used	O
,	O
the	O
x86	B-Operating_System
architecture	I-Operating_System
's	O
further	O
rise	O
after	O
the	O
success	O
in	O
1981	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
IBM	B-Device
Personal	I-Device
Computer	I-Device
with	O
an	O
Intel	B-Device
8088	I-Device
CPU	B-General_Concept
means	O
that	O
most	O
desktop	O
,	O
laptop	O
and	O
server	O
computers	O
in	O
use	O
have	O
a	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
directly	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
CTC	O
's	O
engineers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
highly	O
successful	O
Zilog	B-General_Concept
Z80	I-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
can	O
also	O
be	O
traced	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
Datapoint	B-Device
2200	I-Device
as	O
the	O
Z80	B-General_Concept
was	O
backwards-compatible	O
with	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8080	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
immediately	O
,	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8008	I-General_Concept
was	O
adopted	O
by	O
very	O
early	O
microcomputers	B-Architecture
including	O
the	O
SCELBI	B-Device
,	O
Mark-8	B-Device
,	O
MCM/70	B-Device
and	O
Micral	B-Device
N	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Victor	O
Poor	O
and	O
Harry	O
Pyle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
design	O
they	O
ended	O
up	O
using	O
was	O
made	O
by	O
Gary	O
Asbell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Processor	O
:	O
8-bit	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
with	O
a	O
1-bit	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
made	O
from	O
standard	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8008	I-General_Concept
was	O
a	O
nearly	O
100%	O
compatible	O
8-bit	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
design	O
and	O
LSI	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
