<s>
Databending	B-Error_Name
(	O
or	O
data	B-Error_Name
bending	I-Error_Name
)	O
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
manipulating	O
a	O
media	O
file	O
of	O
a	O
certain	O
format	O
,	O
using	O
software	O
designed	O
to	O
edit	O
files	O
of	O
another	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
databending	B-Error_Name
is	O
derived	O
from	O
circuit	O
bending	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
objects	O
such	O
as	O
children	O
's	O
toys	O
,	O
effects	O
pedals	O
and	O
electronic	O
keyboards	O
are	O
deliberately	O
short	O
circuited	O
by	O
bending	O
the	O
circuit	O
board	O
to	O
produce	O
erratic	O
and	O
spontaneous	O
sounds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
circuit	O
bending	O
,	O
databending	B-Error_Name
involves	O
the	O
(	O
often	O
unpredictable	O
)	O
alteration	O
of	O
its	O
target	O
's	O
behavior	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Databending	B-Error_Name
achieves	O
this	O
alteration	O
by	O
manipulating	O
the	O
information	O
within	O
a	O
media	O
file	O
of	O
a	O
certain	O
format	O
,	O
using	O
software	O
designed	O
to	O
edit	O
files	O
of	O
a	O
different	O
format	O
;	O
distortions	O
in	O
the	O
medium	O
typically	O
occur	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
techniques	O
exist	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
hex	B-Application
editors	I-Application
to	O
manipulate	O
certain	O
components	O
of	O
a	O
compression	B-General_Concept
algorithm	I-General_Concept
,	O
to	O
comparatively	O
simple	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
such	O
method	O
involves	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
audio	O
effects	O
through	O
audio	B-Application
editing	I-Application
software	I-Application
to	O
distort	O
raw	O
data	O
interpretations	O
of	O
image	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
effects	O
produce	O
optical	O
analogues	O
:	O
adding	O
an	O
echo	B-Protocol
filter	O
duplicated	O
elements	O
of	O
a	O
photo	O
,	O
and	O
inversion	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
flipping	O
over	O
of	O
an	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
method	O
,	O
dubbed	O
"	O
the	O
WordPad	B-Application
effect	O
"	O
,	O
uses	O
the	O
program	O
WordPad	B-Application
to	O
manipulate	O
images	O
through	O
converting	O
the	O
raw	O
data	O
to	O
the	O
Rich	O
Text	O
Format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Forced	O
errors	O
:	O
Known	O
software	B-Error_Name
bugs	I-Error_Name
are	O
exploited	O
to	O
force	O
the	O
program	O
to	O
terminate	O
,	O
usually	O
while	O
writing	O
a	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
WordPad	B-Application
effect	O
"	O
would	O
fall	O
under	O
incorrect	O
editing	O
,	O
while	O
reinterpretation	O
contains	O
a	O
subcategory	O
called	O
sonification	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
data	O
other	O
than	O
audio	O
is	O
introduced	O
simultaneously	O
with	O
musical	O
audio	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Databending	B-Error_Name
is	O
frequently	O
employed	O
in	O
glitch	O
art	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
sub-category	O
of	O
the	O
genre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
groups	O
on	O
Flickr	B-Algorithm
explore	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
databending	B-Error_Name
on	O
imagery	O
;	O
an	O
Internet	B-Protocol
bot	I-Protocol
named	O
"	O
GlitchBot	O
"	O
was	O
created	O
to	O
scrape	O
Creative	O
Commons-licensed	O
imagery	O
and	O
apply	O
the	O
process	O
and	O
upload	O
the	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
on	O
Vimeo	O
who	O
deal	O
explicitly	O
with	O
databending	B-Error_Name
and	O
glitch	O
art	O
in	O
general	O
exist	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
Chicago-based	O
digital	O
art	O
project	O
named	O
GLI.TC/H	O
was	O
funded	O
using	O
Kickstarter	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
