<s>
Database	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
organization	O
of	O
data	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
database	B-General_Concept
model	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
this	O
information	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
begin	O
to	O
fit	O
the	O
data	O
to	O
the	O
database	B-General_Concept
model	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
database	B-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
manages	O
the	O
data	O
accordingly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Database	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
involves	O
classifying	O
data	O
and	O
identifying	O
interrelationships	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
is	O
doing	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
a	O
database	O
is	O
a	O
person	O
with	O
expertise	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
database	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
,	O
rather	O
than	O
expertise	O
in	O
the	O
domain	O
from	O
which	O
the	O
data	O
to	O
be	O
stored	O
is	O
drawn	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
NOTE	O
:	O
A	O
common	O
misconception	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
relational	B-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
is	O
so	O
called	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
stating	O
of	O
relationships	O
between	O
data	O
elements	O
therein	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
relational	B-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
is	O
so	O
named	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
based	O
upon	O
the	O
mathematical	O
structures	O
known	O
as	O
relations	B-Algorithm
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
the	O
relationships	O
and	O
dependencies	O
amongst	O
the	O
various	O
pieces	O
of	O
information	O
have	O
been	O
determined	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
arrange	O
the	O
data	O
into	O
a	O
logical	O
structure	O
which	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
mapped	O
into	O
the	O
storage	O
objects	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
database	B-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
relational	B-Application
databases	I-Application
the	O
storage	O
objects	O
are	O
tables	B-Application
which	O
store	O
data	O
in	O
rows	O
and	O
columns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
Object	B-Application
database	I-Application
the	O
storage	O
objects	O
correspond	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
objects	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
used	O
to	O
write	O
the	O
applications	O
that	O
will	O
manage	O
and	O
access	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Relationships	O
between	O
tables	B-Application
may	O
then	O
be	O
stored	O
as	O
links	O
connecting	O
child	O
tables	B-Application
with	O
parents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
complex	O
logical	O
relationships	O
are	O
themselves	O
tables	B-Application
they	O
will	O
probably	O
have	O
links	O
to	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
parent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Database	B-General_Concept
designs	I-General_Concept
also	O
include	O
ER	O
(	O
entity	B-Architecture
–	I-Architecture
relationship	I-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
)	O
diagrams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
ER	B-Architecture
diagram	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
diagram	O
that	O
helps	O
to	O
design	O
databases	B-Application
in	O
an	O
efficient	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Attributes	O
in	O
ER	B-Architecture
diagrams	I-Architecture
are	O
usually	O
modeled	O
as	O
an	O
oval	O
with	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
attribute	O
,	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
entity	O
or	O
relationship	O
that	O
contains	O
the	O
attribute	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ER	B-Architecture
models	I-Architecture
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
information	O
system	O
design	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
describe	O
information	O
requirements	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
the	O
types	O
of	O
information	O
to	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
database	O
during	O
the	O
conceptual	O
structure	O
design	O
phase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Divide	O
the	O
information	O
into	O
tables	B-Application
–	O
Divide	O
information	O
items	O
into	O
major	O
entities	O
or	O
subjects	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Products	O
or	O
Orders	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Set	O
up	O
the	O
table	O
relationships	O
–	O
Look	O
at	O
each	O
table	O
and	O
decide	O
how	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
one	O
table	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
other	O
tables	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Add	O
fields	O
to	O
tables	B-Application
or	O
create	O
new	O
tables	B-Application
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
relationships	O
,	O
as	O
necessary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Create	O
tables	B-Application
and	O
add	O
a	O
few	O
records	O
of	O
sample	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Check	O
if	O
results	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
tables	B-Application
as	O
expected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apply	O
the	O
normalization	B-Application
rules	I-Application
–	O
Apply	O
the	O
data	O
normalization	B-Application
rules	I-Application
to	O
see	O
if	O
tables	B-Application
are	O
structured	O
correctly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Make	O
adjustments	O
to	O
the	O
tables	B-Application
,	O
as	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
relational	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
,	O
normalization	B-Application
is	O
a	O
systematic	O
way	O
of	O
ensuring	O
that	O
a	O
database	O
structure	O
is	O
suitable	O
for	O
general-purpose	O
querying	O
and	O
free	O
of	O
certain	O
undesirable	O
characteristics	O
—	O
insertion	O
,	O
update	O
,	O
and	O
deletion	B-Application
anomalies	I-Application
that	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
loss	O
of	O
data	O
integrity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
standard	O
piece	O
of	O
database	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
guidance	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
designer	O
should	O
create	O
a	O
fully	O
normalized	O
design	O
;	O
selective	O
denormalization	O
can	O
subsequently	O
be	O
performed	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
for	O
performance	O
reasons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
modeling	O
disciplines	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
dimensional	B-Application
modeling	I-Application
approach	O
to	O
data	O
warehouse	O
design	O
,	O
explicitly	O
recommend	O
non-normalized	O
designs	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Document	O
databases	B-Application
take	O
a	O
different	O
approach	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
document	O
that	O
is	O
stored	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
database	O
,	O
typically	O
would	O
contain	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
normalized	B-Application
data	I-Application
unit	O
and	O
often	O
the	O
relationships	O
between	O
the	O
units	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
consideration	O
is	O
that	O
reading	O
and	O
writing	O
a	O
single	O
document	O
in	O
such	O
databases	B-Application
will	O
require	O
a	O
single	O
transaction	O
–	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
consideration	O
in	O
a	O
Microservices	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
detailed	O
specification	O
of	O
data	O
elements	O
,	O
data	O
types	O
,	O
indexing	B-Data_Structure
options	O
and	O
other	O
parameters	O
residing	O
in	O
the	O
DBMS	O
data	B-Application
dictionary	I-Application
.	O
</s>
