<s>
A	O
data	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
(	O
DPU	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
channel	B-Device
controller	I-Device
,	O
a	O
programmable	O
specialized	O
electronic	O
circuit	O
with	O
hardware	B-General_Concept
acceleration	I-General_Concept
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
for	O
data-centric	O
computing.The	O
data	O
is	O
transmitted	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
component	O
as	O
multiplexed	O
packets	B-Protocol
of	O
information.A	O
DPU	O
generally	O
contains	O
a	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
,	O
NIC	B-Protocol
and	O
programmable	O
data	O
acceleration	B-General_Concept
engines	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
DPUs	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
generality	O
and	O
the	O
programmability	O
of	O
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
units	I-General_Concept
while	O
being	O
specialized	O
to	O
operate	O
efficiently	O
on	O
networking	B-Protocol
packets	I-Protocol
,	O
storage	O
requests	O
or	O
analytics	O
requests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
acceleration	B-General_Concept
engines	I-General_Concept
differentiates	O
itself	O
from	O
a	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
by	O
a	O
larger	O
degree	O
of	O
parallelism	O
(	O
required	O
to	O
process	O
many	O
requests	O
)	O
and	O
from	O
a	O
GPU	B-Architecture
by	O
a	O
MIMD	B-Operating_System
architecture	O
rather	O
than	O
an	O
SIMD	B-Device
architecture	O
(	O
required	O
as	O
each	O
request	O
needs	O
to	O
make	O
different	O
decisions	O
and	O
follow	O
a	O
different	O
path	O
through	O
the	O
chip	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DPUs	O
can	O
be	O
either	O
ASIC-based	O
,	O
FPGA-based	B-Architecture
or	O
SoC-based	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
DPUs	O
have	O
been	O
increasingly	O
used	O
in	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
and	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
since	O
their	O
introduction	O
in	O
the	O
2010s	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
rise	O
in	O
use	O
of	O
data-centric	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
,	O
big	B-Application
data	I-Application
,	O
security	O
,	O
and	O
artificial	O
intelligence/machine	O
learning/deep	O
learning	O
.	O
</s>
