<s>
In	O
computing	O
and	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
,	O
data	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
creating	O
data	O
element	O
mappings	O
between	O
two	O
distinct	O
data	B-Application
models	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
first	O
step	O
for	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
integration	I-General_Concept
tasks	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
transmit	O
and	O
receive	O
purchases	O
and	O
invoices	O
with	O
other	O
companies	O
might	O
use	O
data	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
to	O
create	O
data	B-General_Concept
maps	I-General_Concept
from	O
a	O
company	O
's	O
data	O
to	O
standardized	O
ANSI	O
ASC	O
X12	O
messages	O
for	O
items	O
such	O
as	O
purchase	O
orders	O
and	O
invoices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
W3C	O
introduced	O
as	O
a	O
standard	O
for	O
mapping	B-Algorithm
data	O
in	O
a	O
Relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
to	O
data	O
expressed	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
Resource_Description_Framework	O
(	O
RDF	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
tools	O
based	O
on	O
semantic	O
web	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
Resource	O
Description	O
Framework	O
(	O
RDF	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
Web	B-Language
Ontology	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
OWL	B-Language
)	O
and	O
standardized	O
metadata	O
registry	O
will	O
make	O
data	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
a	O
more	O
automatic	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Full	O
automated	O
data	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
very	O
difficult	O
problem	O
(	O
see	O
semantic	B-Application
translation	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
mappings	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
done	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
ways	O
using	O
procedural	O
code	O
,	O
creating	O
XSLT	B-Application
transforms	O
or	O
by	O
using	O
graphical	O
mapping	B-Algorithm
tools	O
that	O
automatically	O
generate	O
executable	O
transformation	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
graphical	O
data	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
tools	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
"	O
auto-connect	O
"	O
a	O
source	O
and	O
a	O
destination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transformation	O
programs	O
are	O
automatically	O
created	O
in	O
SQL	O
,	O
XSLT	B-Application
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
or	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
kinds	O
of	O
graphical	O
tools	O
are	O
found	O
in	O
most	O
ETL	O
(	O
extract	O
,	O
transform	O
,	O
and	O
load	O
)	O
tools	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
means	O
of	O
entering	O
data	B-General_Concept
maps	I-General_Concept
to	O
support	O
data	O
movement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
newest	O
approach	O
in	O
data	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
and	O
involves	O
simultaneously	O
evaluating	O
actual	O
data	O
values	O
in	O
two	O
data	O
sources	O
using	O
heuristics	O
and	O
statistics	O
to	O
automatically	O
discover	O
complex	O
mappings	O
between	O
two	O
data	O
sets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semantic	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
auto-connect	O
feature	O
of	O
data	O
mappers	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
that	O
a	O
metadata	O
registry	O
can	O
be	O
consulted	O
to	O
look	O
up	O
data	O
element	O
synonyms	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
source	O
system	O
lists	O
FirstName	O
but	O
the	O
destination	O
lists	O
PersonGivenName	O
,	O
the	O
mappings	O
will	O
still	O
be	O
made	O
if	O
these	O
data	O
elements	O
are	O
listed	O
as	O
synonyms	B-Application
in	O
the	O
metadata	O
registry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semantic	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
is	O
only	O
able	O
to	O
discover	O
exact	O
matches	O
between	O
columns	O
of	O
data	O
and	O
will	O
not	O
discover	O
any	O
transformation	O
logic	O
or	O
exceptions	O
between	O
columns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Operating_System
lineage	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
track	O
of	O
the	O
life	O
cycle	O
of	O
each	O
piece	O
of	O
data	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
ingested	O
,	O
processed	O
,	O
and	O
output	O
by	O
the	O
analytics	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
