<s>
A	O
data	B-Language
manipulation	I-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
DML	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
computer	O
programming	O
language	O
used	O
for	O
adding	O
(	O
inserting	O
)	O
,	O
deleting	O
,	O
and	O
modifying	O
(	O
updating	O
)	O
data	O
in	O
a	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
DML	O
is	O
often	O
a	O
sublanguage	B-Application
of	O
a	O
broader	O
database	O
language	O
such	O
as	O
SQL	B-Language
,	O
with	O
the	O
DML	O
comprising	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
operators	O
in	O
the	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Read-only	O
selecting	O
of	O
data	O
is	O
sometimes	O
distinguished	O
as	O
being	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
separate	O
data	B-Application
query	I-Application
language	I-Application
(	O
DQL	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
closely	O
related	O
and	O
sometimes	O
also	O
considered	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
a	O
DML	O
;	O
some	O
operators	O
may	O
perform	O
both	O
selecting	O
(	O
reading	O
)	O
and	O
writing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
popular	O
data	B-Language
manipulation	I-Language
language	I-Language
is	O
that	O
of	O
Structured	B-Language
Query	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
SQL	B-Language
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
retrieve	O
and	O
manipulate	O
data	O
in	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
forms	O
of	O
DML	O
are	O
those	O
used	O
by	O
IMS/DLI	O
,	O
CODASYL	B-Language
databases	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
IDMS	B-Application
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
SQL	B-Language
,	O
the	O
data	B-Language
manipulation	I-Language
language	I-Language
comprises	O
the	O
SQL-data	O
change	O
statements	O
,	O
which	O
modify	O
stored	O
data	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
schema	B-Application
or	O
database	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manipulation	O
of	O
persistent	O
database	O
objects	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
tables	O
or	O
stored	B-General_Concept
procedures	I-General_Concept
,	O
via	O
the	O
SQL	B-Application
schema	I-Application
statements	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
data	O
stored	O
within	O
them	O
,	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
separate	O
data	B-Language
definition	I-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
DDL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
SQL	B-Language
these	O
two	O
categories	O
are	O
similar	O
in	O
their	O
detailed	O
syntax	O
,	O
data	O
types	O
,	O
expressions	O
etc.	O
,	O
but	O
distinct	O
in	O
their	O
overall	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SQL-data	O
change	O
statements	O
are	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
SQL-data	O
statements	O
;	O
this	O
also	O
contains	O
the	O
SELECT	B-Language
query	O
statement	O
,	O
which	O
strictly	O
speaking	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
DQL	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
DML	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
common	O
practice	O
though	O
,	O
this	O
distinction	O
is	O
not	O
made	O
and	O
SELECT	B-Language
is	O
widely	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
DML	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
DML	O
consists	O
of	O
all	O
SQL-data	O
statements	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
SQL-data	O
change	O
statements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SELECT	B-Language
...	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Language
manipulation	I-Language
languages	I-Language
have	O
their	O
functional	O
capability	O
organized	O
by	O
the	O
initial	O
word	O
in	O
a	O
statement	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
almost	O
always	O
a	O
verb	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
SQL	B-Language
,	O
these	O
verbs	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
SELECT	B-Language
...	O
</s>
<s>
INSERT	B-Language
INTO	I-Language
...	O
</s>
<s>
UPDATE	B-Language
...	I-Language
SET	I-Language
...	I-Language
WHERE	I-Language
...	I-Language
</s>
<s>
DELETE	B-Language
FROM	I-Language
...	I-Language
WHERE	I-Language
...	I-Language
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
command	O
to	O
insert	B-Language
a	O
row	O
into	O
table	O
employees	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
SQL	B-Language
database	I-Language
implementations	O
extend	O
their	O
SQL	B-Language
capabilities	O
by	O
providing	O
imperative	B-Application
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
procedural	B-Application
languages	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
these	O
are	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
's	O
PL/SQL	B-Language
and	O
IBM	B-Application
Db2	I-Application
's	O
SQL_PL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Language
manipulation	I-Language
languages	I-Language
tend	O
to	O
have	O
many	O
different	O
flavors	O
and	O
capabilities	O
between	O
database	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
standards	O
established	O
for	O
SQL	B-Language
by	O
ANSI	O
,	O
but	O
vendors	O
still	O
provide	O
their	O
own	O
extensions	O
to	O
the	O
standard	O
while	O
not	O
implementing	O
the	O
entire	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Language
manipulation	I-Language
languages	I-Language
are	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
types	O
,	O
procedural	B-Application
programming	I-Application
and	O
declarative	B-Language
programming	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Language
manipulation	I-Language
languages	I-Language
were	O
initially	O
only	O
used	O
within	O
computer	B-Application
programs	I-Application
,	O
but	O
with	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
SQL	B-Language
have	O
come	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
interactively	O
by	O
database	O
administrators	O
.	O
</s>
