<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
comprises	O
all	O
disciplines	O
related	O
to	O
handling	O
data	O
as	O
a	O
valuable	O
resource	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
arose	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
as	O
technology	O
moved	O
from	O
sequential	B-General_Concept
processing	O
(	O
first	O
punched	B-Architecture
cards	I-Architecture
,	O
then	O
magnetic	B-Architecture
tape	I-Architecture
)	O
to	O
random	B-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
it	O
was	O
now	O
possible	O
to	O
store	O
a	O
discrete	O
fact	O
and	O
quickly	O
access	O
it	O
using	O
random	B-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
disk	B-Device
technology	O
,	O
those	O
suggesting	O
that	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
was	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
business	O
process	O
management	O
used	O
arguments	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
customer	O
's	O
home	O
address	O
is	O
stored	O
in	O
75	O
(	O
or	O
some	O
other	O
large	O
number	O
)	O
places	O
in	O
our	O
computer	O
systems.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
during	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
random	B-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
processing	O
was	O
not	O
competitively	O
fast	O
,	O
so	O
those	O
suggesting	O
"	O
process	O
management	O
"	O
was	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
"	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
"	O
used	O
batch	O
processing	O
time	O
as	O
their	O
primary	O
argument	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
application	B-Application
software	I-Application
evolved	O
into	O
real-time	O
,	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
usage	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
obvious	O
that	O
both	O
management	O
processes	O
were	O
important	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Topics	O
in	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
has	O
become	O
information	B-Application
management	I-Application
or	O
knowledge	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
data	O
has	O
staged	O
a	O
comeback	O
with	O
the	O
popularisation	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
big	B-Application
data	I-Application
,	O
which	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
collection	O
and	O
analyses	O
of	O
massive	O
sets	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
organisations	O
have	O
established	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
centers	O
(	O
DMC	O
)	O
for	O
their	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
