<s>
Data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
is	O
the	O
principle	O
established	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
social	O
practice	O
in	O
both	O
public	O
and	O
Private	O
sectors	O
which	O
requires	O
all	O
staffs	O
and	O
decision-makers	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
information	O
conveyed	O
by	O
the	O
existing	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
make	O
decisions	O
and	O
changes	O
according	O
to	O
these	O
results	O
instead	O
of	O
leading	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
based	O
on	O
experience	O
in	O
the	O
particular	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
the	O
business	O
field	O
,	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
is	O
also	O
applied	O
in	O
the	O
social	O
infrastructure	O
system	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Urban	O
planning	O
projects	O
,	O
to	O
impact	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
data	O
production	O
and	O
data	O
practices	O
of	O
daily	O
usage	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Smart	B-Device
City	I-Device
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
general	O
,	O
to	O
build	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
,	O
the	O
departments	O
and	O
organizations	O
have	O
to	O
let	O
the	O
data	O
talk	O
itself	O
,	O
and	O
trust	O
the	O
steering	O
of	O
statistics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
idea	O
of	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
has	O
been	O
under	O
the	O
spotlight	O
of	O
business	O
field	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
gaining	O
popularity	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2000	O
,	O
Geoffrey	O
C	O
.	O
Bowker	O
conveyed	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
"	O
local	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
"	O
in	O
his	O
academic	O
paper	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
biodiversity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
made	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
announcements	O
including	O
their	O
intention	O
to	O
build	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
into	O
everyday	O
life	O
through	O
their	O
services	O
including	O
Office	B-Operating_System
365	I-Operating_System
,	O
Azure	B-Application
and	O
SQL	B-Application
Server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
organized	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
workshops	O
about	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
in	O
alliance	O
with	O
Hortonworks	B-Application
and	O
KPMG	O
UK	O
,	O
offering	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysts	I-General_Concept
and	O
other	O
professional	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
Big	B-Application
data	I-Application
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
of	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
help	O
them	O
build	O
their	O
own	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
in	O
private	O
sectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Participants	O
are	O
both	O
producers	O
of	O
data	O
and	O
people	O
who	O
can	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
by	O
making	O
influential	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
building	O
process	O
of	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
in	O
a	O
particular	O
entity	O
,	O
employees	O
at	O
different	O
levels	O
are	O
all	O
supposed	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
illustrating	O
their	O
works	O
with	O
relative	O
statistics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
analysts	I-General_Concept
serve	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
,	O
as	O
they	O
often	O
receive	O
first-hand	O
material	O
and	O
raw	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
connect	O
all	O
the	O
components	O
together	O
can	O
determine	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
communication	O
between	O
ordinary	O
participants	O
and	O
decision-makers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
,	O
decision	O
makers	O
have	O
to	O
emphasize	O
their	O
intention	O
of	O
requiring	O
data	O
analyses	O
,	O
therefore	O
driving	O
the	O
motivation	O
of	O
staffs	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
raw	O
materials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
focuses	O
on	O
data	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
and	O
Advocates	O
that	O
participants	O
and	O
employees	O
should	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
uses	O
tools	O
such	O
as	O
Power	B-Application
BI	I-Application
to	O
have	O
individual	O
workers	O
get	O
involved	O
and	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capita	O
is	O
a	O
British	O
agency	O
that	O
assists	O
clients	O
in	O
both	O
government	O
departments	O
and	O
enterprises	O
to	O
understand	O
themselves	O
better	O
,	O
using	O
advanced	O
techniques	O
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Established	O
in	O
1984	O
,	O
they	O
advocate	O
their	O
clients	O
to	O
build	O
their	O
own	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
with	O
relative	O
database	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
field	O
of	O
career	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
core	O
value	O
is	O
tied	O
to	O
open	O
data	O
and	O
they	O
tend	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
corporations	O
which	O
are	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
funding	O
to	O
process	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cloud-based	B-Architecture
service	O
they	O
provide	O
allow	O
government	O
departments	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
the	O
public	O
through	O
publishing	O
their	O
official	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
is	O
a	O
German	O
company	O
(	O
datenkultur	O
GmbH	O
)	O
which	O
serves	O
business	B-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
products	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
is	O
active	O
in	O
building	O
company	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
since	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technical	O
services	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
Microsoft	O
products	O
like	O
SQL	B-Application
Server	I-Application
data	O
warehouse	O
and	O
Power	B-Application
BI	I-Application
,	O
but	O
the	O
BI	O
strategic	O
services	O
are	O
not	O
directly	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
product	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fact	O
that	O
decision-making	O
process	O
is	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
executive	O
team	O
anymore	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
hesitation	O
of	O
some	O
people	O
on	O
the	O
management	O
level	O
,	O
therefore	O
they	O
refuse	O
to	O
develop	O
data	B-Device
culture	I-Device
.	O
</s>
