<s>
The	O
Data	B-Operating_System
Access	I-Operating_System
Manager	I-Operating_System
(	O
DAM	O
)	O
was	O
a	O
database	O
access	O
API	B-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1991	O
as	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
System	B-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
in	O
concept	O
to	O
ODBC	B-Application
,	O
DAM	O
saw	O
little	O
use	O
and	O
was	O
eventually	O
dropped	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
modern	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
,	O
and	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
use	O
ODBC	B-Application
for	O
this	O
role	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DAM	O
and	O
ODBC	B-Application
are	O
similar	O
in	O
many	O
ways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
a	O
typical	O
query	O
document	O
might	O
contain	O
a	O
query	O
string	O
that	O
would	O
log	O
into	O
the	O
database	O
server	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
that	O
was	O
successful	O
,	O
look	O
up	O
the	O
current	O
date	O
from	O
the	O
local	O
client	O
machine	O
using	O
a	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
call	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
use	O
that	O
date	O
in	O
a	O
query	O
that	O
returns	O
inventory	O
in	O
a	O
warehouse	O
for	O
a	O
given	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Query	O
documents	O
could	O
also	O
include	O
computer	O
code	O
and	O
resources	B-Operating_System
needed	O
to	O
support	O
this	O
process	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
a	O
dialog	O
box	O
asking	O
for	O
the	O
username	O
and	O
password	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
simply	O
opened	O
the	O
document	O
,	O
which	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
resources	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
ran	O
each	O
query	O
resource	O
inside	O
in	O
turn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DAM	O
also	O
included	O
two	O
more	O
direct	O
API	B-General_Concept
's	O
,	O
the	O
High	O
Level	O
interface	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Low	O
Level	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High	O
Level	O
was	O
fairly	O
similar	O
to	O
using	O
query	O
documents	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
was	O
expected	O
that	O
the	O
application	O
would	O
construct	O
the	O
queries	O
in	O
code	O
rather	O
than	O
resources	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
High	O
Level	O
interface	O
is	O
broadly	O
similar	O
to	O
ODBC	B-Application
's	O
public	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
major	O
difference	O
between	O
DAM	O
and	O
ODBC	B-Application
came	O
about	O
largely	O
by	O
accident	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
DAM	O
,	O
Apple	O
had	O
purchased	O
a	O
database	O
middleware	O
product	O
they	O
sold	O
as	O
the	O
Data	B-Operating_System
Access	I-Operating_System
Language	I-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
DAL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
ODBC	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
from	O
the	O
start	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
SQL-based	O
system	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
standardized	O
Call-Level	O
Interface	O
from	O
X/Open	O
(	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
the	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
OBDC	B-Application
,	O
every	O
data	O
source	O
was	O
made	O
to	O
look	O
like	O
a	O
SQL	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
ODBC	B-Application
,	O
all	O
data	O
source	O
drivers	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
understand	O
SQL	O
and	O
translate	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
local	O
dialect	O
if	O
needed	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
convert	O
data	O
into	O
standard	O
formats	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
returned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
difference	O
made	O
DAM	O
much	O
less	O
useful	O
than	O
ODBC	B-Application
in	O
practice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
it	O
was	O
expected	O
that	O
DAL	O
would	O
be	O
providing	O
query	O
standardization	O
,	O
DAM	O
had	O
no	O
layer	O
similar	O
to	O
ODBC	B-Application
's	O
for	O
translating	O
different	O
dialects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
clients	O
for	O
DAM	O
was	O
HyperCard	B-Application
,	O
Apple	O
's	O
data	O
manager/rapid	O
application	O
development	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Combining	O
HyperCard	B-Application
's	O
excellent	O
forms	O
system	O
with	O
data	O
from	O
DAM	O
resulted	O
in	O
something	O
that	O
no-one	O
had	O
ever	O
seen	O
before	O
data-driven	O
GUI	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
demo	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
showed	O
a	O
HyperCard	B-Application
stack	I-Application
querying	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
Baskin-Robbins	O
databases	O
,	O
formerly	O
impossible	O
because	O
each	O
regional	O
area	O
used	O
their	O
own	O
database	O
servers	O
which	O
DAL	O
now	O
combined	O
into	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
was	O
so	O
impressive	O
that	O
it	O
made	O
other	O
database	O
vendors	O
scramble	O
to	O
provide	O
similar	O
systems	O
;	O
Oracle	B-Application
Corporation	I-Application
immediately	O
purchased	O
PLUS	O
from	O
Spinnaker	O
Software	O
,	O
releasing	O
it	O
first	O
as	O
Oracle	B-Application
Card	I-Application
,	O
and	O
then	O
Oracle	B-Application
Media	I-Application
Objects	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Work	O
on	O
DAM	O
ended	O
in	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
and	O
disappeared	O
entirely	O
sometime	O
before	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
"	B-Application
classic	I-Application
"	I-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
version	O
of	O
ODBC	B-Application
was	O
available	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
,	O
although	O
support	O
was	O
limited	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.2	O
Jaguar	O
,	O
Apple	O
started	O
distributing	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
iODBC	B-Language
cross-platform	O
ODBC	B-Application
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.4	O
Tiger	O
Apple	O
has	O
introduced	O
a	O
new	O
and	O
much	O
"	O
higher	O
level	O
"	O
system	O
known	O
as	O
Core	B-Application
Data	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Core	B-Application
Data	I-Application
allows	O
developers	O
to	O
serialize	O
data	O
into	O
SQLite	B-Language
for	O
processing	O
,	O
similar	O
in	O
concept	O
to	O
ODBC	B-Application
when	O
used	O
with	O
a	O
non-SQL	O
data	O
source	O
.	O
</s>
