<s>
Wine	O
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
compatibility	B-General_Concept
layer	I-General_Concept
that	O
aims	O
to	O
allow	O
application	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
computer	O
games	O
developed	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
to	O
run	O
on	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
software	B-Library
library	I-Library
,	O
named	O
Winelib	B-Application
,	O
against	O
which	O
developers	O
can	O
compile	B-Language
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
to	O
help	O
port	O
them	O
to	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
provides	O
its	O
compatibility	B-General_Concept
layer	I-General_Concept
for	O
Windows	O
runtime	B-Device
system	I-Device
(	O
also	O
called	O
runtime	B-Device
environment	I-Device
)	O
which	O
translates	O
Windows	B-Library
API	I-Library
calls	O
into	O
POSIX	O
API	O
calls	O
,	O
recreating	O
the	O
directory	B-Architecture
structure	I-Architecture
of	O
Windows	O
,	O
and	O
providing	O
alternative	O
implementations	O
of	O
Windows	O
system	B-Library
libraries	I-Library
,	O
system	O
services	O
through	O
wineserver	O
and	O
various	O
other	O
components	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
the	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Registry	I-Protocol
Editor	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
msiexec	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
selection	O
of	O
"	O
Wine	B-Application
is	I-Application
Not	I-Application
an	I-Application
Emulator	I-Application
"	O
as	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
Wine	B-Application
Project	I-Application
was	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
naming	O
discussion	O
in	O
August	O
1993	O
and	O
credited	O
to	O
David	O
Niemi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
some	O
confusion	O
caused	O
by	O
an	O
early	O
FAQ	O
using	O
Windows	B-Application
Emulator	I-Application
and	O
other	O
invalid	O
sources	O
that	O
appear	O
after	O
the	O
Wine	B-Application
Project	I-Application
name	O
being	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
code	O
emulation	B-Application
or	O
virtualization	B-General_Concept
occurs	O
when	O
running	O
a	O
Windows	O
application	B-Application
under	O
Wine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Emulation	B-Application
"	O
usually	O
would	O
refer	O
to	O
execution	B-General_Concept
of	O
compiled	B-Language
code	O
intended	O
for	O
one	O
processor	B-General_Concept
(	O
such	O
as	O
x86	B-Operating_System
)	O
by	O
interpreting/recompiling	O
software	O
running	O
on	O
a	O
different	O
processor	B-General_Concept
(	O
such	O
as	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
is	O
primarily	O
developed	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
,	O
,	O
well-maintained	O
packages	O
available	O
for	O
both	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
2007	O
survey	O
by	O
desktoplinux.com	O
of	O
38,500	O
Linux	B-Application
desktop	O
users	O
,	O
31.5	O
%	O
of	O
respondents	O
reported	O
using	O
Wine	O
to	O
run	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
plurality	O
was	O
larger	O
than	O
all	O
x86	B-General_Concept
virtualization	I-General_Concept
programs	O
combined	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
larger	O
than	O
the	O
27.9	O
%	O
who	O
reported	O
not	O
running	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bob	O
Amstadt	O
,	O
the	O
initial	O
project	O
leader	O
,	O
and	O
Eric	O
Youngdale	O
started	O
the	O
Wine	B-Application
project	I-Application
in	O
1993	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
run	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
on	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
two	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
 '	O
products	O
,	O
the	O
Wabi	B-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
Solaris	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
Public	O
Windows	O
Initiative	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
Windows	B-Library
API	I-Library
fully	O
reimplemented	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
domain	O
as	O
an	O
ISO	O
standard	O
but	O
rejected	O
due	O
to	O
pressure	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
in	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
originally	O
targeted	O
16-bit	B-Device
applications	O
for	O
Windows	O
3.x	O
,	O
but	O
focuses	O
on	O
32-bit	O
and	O
64-bit	B-Device
versions	O
which	O
have	O
become	O
the	O
standard	O
on	O
newer	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
originated	O
in	O
discussions	O
on	O
Usenet	B-Application
in	O
comp.os.linux	O
in	O
June	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
has	O
proven	O
time-consuming	O
and	O
difficult	O
for	O
the	O
developers	O
,	O
mostly	O
because	O
of	O
incomplete	O
and	O
incorrect	O
documentation	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Library
API	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Microsoft	O
extensively	O
documents	O
most	O
Win32	B-Library
functions	O
,	O
some	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
file	O
formats	O
and	O
protocols	O
have	O
no	O
publicly	O
or	O
incomplete	O
available	O
specification	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
and	O
Windows	O
also	O
includes	O
undocumented	O
low-level	O
functions	O
,	O
undocumented	O
behavior	O
and	O
obscure	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
that	O
Wine	O
must	O
duplicate	O
precisely	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
allow	O
some	O
applications	O
to	O
work	O
properly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consequently	O
,	O
the	O
Wine	O
team	O
has	O
reverse-engineered	O
many	O
function	O
calls	O
and	O
file	O
formats	O
in	O
such	O
areas	O
as	O
thunking	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wine	B-Application
project	I-Application
originally	O
released	O
Wine	O
under	O
the	O
same	O
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
as	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
owing	O
to	O
concern	O
about	O
proprietary	B-Application
versions	O
of	O
Wine	O
not	O
contributing	O
their	O
changes	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
core	O
project	O
,	O
work	O
as	O
of	O
March	O
2002	O
has	O
used	O
the	O
LGPL	B-Application
for	O
its	O
licensing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine-staging	O
is	O
an	O
independently	O
maintained	O
set	O
of	O
aggressive	O
patches	B-Application
not	O
deemed	O
ready	O
by	O
WineHQ	B-Application
developers	O
for	O
merging	O
into	O
the	O
Wine	O
repository	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
considered	O
useful	O
by	O
the	O
wine-compholio	O
fork	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
mainly	O
covers	O
experimental	O
functions	O
and	O
bug	B-Error_Name
fixes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
January	O
2017	O
,	O
patches	B-Application
in	O
wine-staging	O
begins	O
to	O
be	O
actively	O
merged	O
into	O
the	O
WineHQ	B-Application
upstream	B-General_Concept
as	O
wine-compholio	O
transferred	O
the	O
project	O
to	O
Alistair	O
Leslie-Hughes	O
,	O
a	O
key	O
WineHQ	B-Application
developer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
WineHQ	B-Application
also	O
provides	O
pre-built	O
versions	O
of	O
wine-staging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
corporate	O
sponsor	O
of	O
Wine	O
is	O
CodeWeavers	O
,	O
which	O
employs	O
Julliard	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
Wine	O
developers	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
Wine	O
and	O
on	O
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
,	O
CodeWeavers	O
 '	O
supported	O
version	O
of	O
Wine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
includes	O
some	O
application-specific	O
tweaks	O
not	O
considered	O
suitable	O
for	O
the	O
upstream	B-General_Concept
version	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
some	O
additional	O
proprietary	B-Application
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Corel	O
had	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
porting	O
WordPerfect	O
Office	O
,	O
its	O
office	O
suite	O
,	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
(	O
especially	O
Corel	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Corel	O
later	O
cancelled	O
all	O
Linux-related	O
projects	O
after	O
Microsoft	O
made	O
major	O
investments	O
in	O
Corel	O
,	O
stopping	O
their	O
Wine	O
effort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
corporate	O
sponsors	O
include	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
which	O
hired	O
CodeWeavers	O
to	O
fix	O
Wine	O
so	O
Picasa	B-Application
ran	O
well	O
enough	O
to	O
be	O
ported	O
directly	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
using	O
the	O
same	O
binary	O
as	O
on	O
Windows	O
;	O
Google	B-Application
later	O
paid	O
for	O
improvements	O
to	O
Wine	O
's	O
support	O
for	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Photoshop	I-Operating_System
CS2	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
regular	O
beneficiary	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Summer	B-Application
of	I-Application
Code	I-Application
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valve	O
works	O
with	O
CodeWeavers	O
to	O
develop	O
Proton	B-Application
,	O
a	O
Wine-based	O
compatibility	B-General_Concept
layer	I-General_Concept
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
games	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
Linux-based	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
includes	O
several	O
patches	B-Application
that	O
upstream	B-General_Concept
Wine	O
wo	O
n't	O
accept	O
for	O
various	O
reasons	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Linux-specific	O
implementations	O
of	O
Win32	B-Library
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valve	O
's	O
involvement	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Proton	B-Application
(	O
and	O
,	O
thus	O
,	O
the	O
improvement	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
)	O
has	O
helped	O
to	O
improve	O
Wine	O
compatibility	O
with	O
Windows	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
of	O
Wine	O
is	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
Windows	B-Library
APIs	I-Library
fully	O
or	O
partially	O
that	O
are	O
required	O
by	O
programs	O
that	O
the	O
users	O
of	O
Wine	O
wish	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
a	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
programming	O
interface	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
consists	O
largely	O
of	O
dynamic-link	O
libraries	O
(	O
DLLs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
contain	O
a	O
huge	O
number	O
of	O
wrapper	B-Library
sub-routines	O
for	O
the	O
system	O
calls	O
of	O
the	O
kernel	O
,	O
the	O
NTOS	O
kernel-mode	O
program	O
(	O
ntoskrnl.exe	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
typical	O
Windows	O
program	O
calls	O
some	O
Windows	O
DLLs	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
calls	O
user-mode	O
gdi/user32	O
libraries	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
uses	O
the	O
kernel32.dll	O
(	O
win32	B-Library
subsystem	O
)	O
responsible	O
for	O
dealing	O
with	O
the	O
kernel	O
through	O
system	O
calls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
implements	O
the	O
Windows	B-General_Concept
application	I-General_Concept
binary	I-General_Concept
interface	I-General_Concept
(	O
ABI	O
)	O
entirely	O
in	O
user	B-Operating_System
space	I-Operating_System
,	O
rather	O
than	O
as	O
a	O
kernel	B-Application
module	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
mostly	O
mirrors	O
the	O
hierarchy	O
,	O
with	O
services	O
normally	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
kernel	O
in	O
Windows	O
instead	O
provided	O
by	O
a	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
known	O
as	O
the	O
wineserver	O
,	O
whose	O
task	O
is	O
to	O
implement	O
basic	O
Windows	O
functionality	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
integration	O
with	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
translation	O
of	O
signals	B-Operating_System
into	O
native	O
Windows	O
exceptions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
built-in	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
basic	O
Windows	O
DLLs	O
,	O
namely	O
NTDLL	B-Application
,	O
KERNEL32	O
,	O
GDI32	O
,	O
and	O
USER32	O
,	O
uses	O
the	O
shared	O
object	O
method	O
because	O
they	O
must	O
use	O
functions	O
in	O
the	O
host	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DirectX	B-Application
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
APIs	O
for	O
rendering	O
,	O
audio	O
and	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2019	O
,	O
Wine	O
4.0	O
contains	O
a	O
DirectX	B-Application
12	O
implementation	O
for	O
Vulkan	B-Application
API	I-Application
,	O
and	O
DirectX	B-Application
11.2	O
for	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
4.0	O
also	O
allows	O
Wine	O
to	O
run	O
Vulkan	B-Application
applications	O
by	O
handing	O
draw	O
commands	O
to	O
the	O
host	O
OS	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
by	O
translating	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
Metal	B-Library
API	I-Library
by	O
MoltenVK	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Wine	O
4.3	O
uses	O
the	O
FAudio	O
library	O
(	O
and	O
Wine	O
4.13	O
included	O
a	O
fix	O
for	O
it	O
)	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
XAudio2	B-Device
audio	O
API	O
(	O
and	O
more	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
,	O
since	O
4.0	O
(	O
2019	O
)	O
,	O
supports	O
game	B-Device
controllers	I-Device
through	O
its	O
builtin	O
implementations	O
of	O
these	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
built	O
as	O
Unix	O
shared	O
objects	O
as	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
controller	O
interfaces	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
OS	O
,	O
specifically	O
through	O
SDL	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
of	O
Wine	O
's	O
DirectX	B-Application
effort	O
goes	O
into	O
building	O
WineD3D	O
,	O
a	O
translation	O
layer	O
from	O
Direct3D	B-Application
and	O
DirectDraw	B-Device
API	O
calls	O
into	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2019	O
,	O
this	O
component	O
supports	O
up	O
to	O
DirectX	B-Application
11	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
12	O
December	O
2016	O
,	O
Wine	O
is	O
good	O
enough	O
to	O
run	O
Overwatch	B-Application
with	O
D3D11	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
being	O
used	O
in	O
Wine	O
,	O
WineD3D	O
DLLs	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
on	O
Windows	O
itself	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
older	O
GPUs	O
to	O
run	O
games	O
using	O
newer	O
DirectX	B-Application
versions	O
and	O
for	O
old	O
DDraw-based	O
games	O
to	O
render	O
correctly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
work	O
is	O
ongoing	O
to	O
move	O
the	O
Direct3D	B-Application
backend	O
to	O
Vulkan	B-Application
API	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Direct3D	B-Application
12	O
support	O
in	O
4.0	O
is	O
provided	O
by	O
a	O
"	O
vkd3d	O
"	O
subproject	O
,	O
and	O
WineD3D	O
has	O
in	O
2019	O
been	O
experimentally	O
ported	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
Vulkan	B-Application
API	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
implementation	O
,	O
DXVK	O
,	O
translates	O
Direct3D	B-Application
9	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
and	O
11	O
calls	O
using	O
Vulkan	B-Application
as	O
well	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
separate	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
,	O
when	O
patched	O
,	O
can	O
alternatively	O
run	O
Direct3D	B-Application
9	O
API	O
commands	O
directly	O
via	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
Gallium3D	O
State	O
Tracker	O
(	O
aka	O
Gallium3D	O
GPU	O
driver	O
)	O
without	O
translation	O
into	O
OpenGL	B-Application
API	O
calls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
Gallium3D	O
layer	O
allows	O
a	O
direct	O
pass-through	O
of	O
DX9	B-Application
drawing	O
commands	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
performance	O
improvements	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
factor	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
the	O
utility	O
winecfg	B-Application
that	O
starts	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
with	O
controls	O
for	O
adjusting	O
basic	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
configuration	O
utility	O
included	O
with	O
Wine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Winecfg	B-Application
makes	O
configuring	O
Wine	O
easier	O
by	O
making	O
it	O
unnecessary	O
to	O
edit	O
the	O
registry	O
directly	O
,	O
although	O
,	O
if	O
needed	O
,	O
this	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
with	O
the	O
included	O
registry	B-Protocol
editor	I-Protocol
(	O
similar	O
to	O
Windows	O
regedit	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
applications	O
require	O
more	O
tweaking	O
than	O
simply	O
installing	O
the	O
application	B-Application
in	O
order	O
to	O
work	O
properly	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
manually	O
configuring	O
Wine	O
to	O
use	O
certain	O
Windows	O
DLLs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wine	B-Application
project	I-Application
does	O
not	O
integrate	O
such	O
workarounds	B-Application
into	O
the	O
Wine	O
codebase	O
,	O
instead	O
preferring	O
to	O
focus	O
solely	O
on	O
improving	O
Wine	O
's	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Library
API	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
this	O
approach	O
focuses	O
Wine	O
development	O
on	O
long-term	O
compatibility	O
,	O
it	O
makes	O
it	O
difficult	O
for	O
users	O
to	O
run	O
applications	O
that	O
require	O
workarounds	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consequently	O
,	O
many	O
third-party	O
applications	O
have	O
been	O
created	O
to	O
ease	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
those	O
applications	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
work	O
out	B-General_Concept
of	I-General_Concept
the	I-General_Concept
box	I-General_Concept
within	O
Wine	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wine	O
wiki	B-Protocol
maintains	O
a	O
page	O
of	O
current	O
and	O
obsolete	O
third-party	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Winetricks	O
is	O
a	O
script	B-Language
to	O
install	O
some	O
basic	O
components	O
(	O
typically	O
Microsoft	O
DLLs	O
and	O
fonts	O
)	O
and	O
tweak	O
settings	O
required	O
for	O
some	O
applications	O
to	O
run	O
correctly	O
under	O
Wine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
fully	O
automate	O
the	O
install	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
applications	O
and	O
games	O
,	O
including	O
applying	O
any	O
needed	O
workarounds	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Winetricks	O
has	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wine	B-Application
project	I-Application
will	O
accept	O
bug	B-Error_Name
reports	O
for	O
users	O
of	O
Winetricks	O
,	O
unlike	O
most	O
third-party	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Q4Wine	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
GUI	B-Application
for	O
advanced	O
setup	O
of	O
Wine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine-Doors	O
is	O
an	O
application	B-Application
management	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
which	O
adds	O
functionality	O
to	O
Wine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEs4Linux	B-Application
is	O
a	O
utility	O
to	O
install	O
all	O
versions	O
of	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
including	O
versions	O
4	O
to	O
6	O
and	O
version	O
7	O
(	O
in	O
beta	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wineskin	O
is	O
a	O
utility	O
to	O
manage	O
Wine	O
engine	O
versions	O
and	O
create	O
wrappers	O
for	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
PlayOnLinux	B-Language
is	O
an	O
application	B-Application
to	O
ease	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
(	O
primarily	O
games	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
corresponding	O
Macintosh	B-Device
version	O
called	O
PlayOnMac	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lutris	B-Language
is	O
an	O
open-source	O
application	B-Application
to	O
easily	O
install	O
Windows	O
games	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bordeaux	O
is	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
Wine	O
GUI	B-Application
configuration	O
manager	O
that	O
runs	O
winelib	B-Application
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bordeaux	O
currently	O
runs	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
PC-BSD	O
,	O
Solaris	B-Application
,	O
OpenSolaris	O
,	O
OpenIndiana	B-Application
,	O
and	O
macOS	B-Application
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bottles	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	O
graphical	O
Wine	O
prefix	O
and	O
runners	O
manager	O
for	O
Wine	O
based	O
on	O
GTK4+Libadwaita	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WineGUI	B-Application
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
graphical	B-Application
interface	I-Application
to	O
manage	O
Wine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
you	O
to	O
easily	O
create	O
Wine	O
bottles	O
and	O
install	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
or	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
developers	O
of	O
the	O
Direct3D	B-Application
portions	O
of	O
Wine	O
have	O
continued	O
to	O
implement	O
new	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
pixel	O
shaders	O
to	O
increase	O
game	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
can	O
also	O
use	O
native	O
DLLs	O
directly	O
,	O
thus	O
increasing	O
functionality	O
,	O
but	O
then	O
a	O
license	O
for	O
Windows	O
is	O
needed	O
unless	O
the	O
DLLs	O
were	O
distributed	O
with	O
the	O
application	B-Application
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
also	O
includes	O
its	O
own	O
open-source	O
implementations	O
of	O
several	O
Windows	O
programs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Notepad	B-Application
,	O
WordPad	B-Application
,	O
Control	O
Panel	O
,	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Explorer	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wine	O
Application	B-Application
Database	O
(	O
AppDB	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
community-maintained	O
on-line	O
database	O
about	O
which	O
Windows	O
programs	O
works	O
with	O
Wine	O
and	O
how	O
well	O
they	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
ensures	O
good	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
with	O
legacy	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
including	O
those	O
written	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
3.1x	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Windows	O
1.x	O
and	O
Windows	O
2.x	O
support	O
was	O
removed	O
from	O
Wine	O
development	O
version	O
1.3.12	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
DOSBox	B-Application
is	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
(	O
see	O
below	O
on	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
)	O
,	O
Wine	O
development	O
version	O
1.3.12	O
and	O
later	O
nevertheless	O
show	O
the	O
"	O
Windows	O
2.0	O
"	O
option	O
for	O
the	O
Windows	O
version	O
to	O
mimic	O
,	O
but	O
Wine	O
still	O
will	O
not	O
run	O
most	O
Windows	O
2.0	O
programs	O
because	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
and	O
Windows	O
functions	O
are	O
not	O
currently	O
integrated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Backward	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
in	O
Wine	O
is	O
generally	O
superior	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
Windows	O
,	O
as	O
newer	O
versions	O
of	O
Windows	O
can	O
force	O
users	O
to	O
upgrade	O
legacy	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
and	O
may	O
break	O
abandoned	O
software	O
forever	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
nobody	O
adjusting	O
the	O
program	O
for	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
can	O
run	O
16-bit	B-Library
Windows	I-Library
programs	O
(	O
Win16	B-Library
)	O
on	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
uses	O
an	O
x86-64	B-Device
(	O
64-bit	B-Device
)	O
CPU	O
,	O
a	O
functionality	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
64-bit	B-Device
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WineVDM	O
allows	O
16-bit	B-Library
Windows	I-Library
applications	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
64-bit	B-Device
versions	O
of	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
partially	O
supports	O
Windows	O
console	B-Device
applications	I-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
choose	O
which	O
backend	O
to	O
use	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
console	O
(	O
choices	O
include	O
raw	O
streams	O
,	O
curses	B-Device
,	O
and	O
user32	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
using	O
the	O
raw	O
streams	O
or	O
curses	B-Device
backends	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
will	O
run	O
in	O
a	O
Unix	O
terminal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Preliminary	O
support	O
for	O
64-bit	B-Device
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
was	O
added	O
to	O
Wine	O
1.1.10	O
,	O
in	O
December	O
2008	O
.	O
,	O
the	O
support	O
is	O
considered	O
stable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
versions	O
of	O
Wine	O
are	O
built	O
separately	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
only	O
building	O
wine64	O
produces	O
an	O
environment	O
only	O
capable	O
of	O
running	O
x86-64	B-Device
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Wine	O
has	O
stable	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
WoW64	B-Application
build	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
both	O
32-bit	O
and	O
64-bit	B-Device
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
to	O
run	O
inside	O
the	O
same	O
Wine	O
instance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
perform	O
such	O
a	O
build	O
,	O
one	O
must	O
first	O
build	O
the	O
64-bit	B-Device
version	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
build	O
the	O
32-bit	O
version	O
referencing	O
the	O
64-bit	B-Device
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Just	O
like	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
WoW64	B-Application
,	O
the	O
32-bit	O
build	O
process	O
will	O
add	O
parts	O
necessary	O
for	O
handling	O
32-bit	O
programs	O
to	O
the	O
64-bit	B-Device
build	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
run	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	O
programs	O
may	O
depend	O
on	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
programs	O
to	O
be	O
usable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
good	O
support	O
for	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
,	O
but	O
starting	O
with	O
development	O
version	O
1.3.12	O
,	O
Wine	O
tries	O
running	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
programs	O
in	O
DOSBox	B-Application
if	O
DOSBox	B-Application
is	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
bug	B-Error_Name
,	O
current	O
versions	O
of	O
Wine	O
incorrectly	O
identify	O
Windows	O
1.x	O
and	O
Windows	O
2.x	O
programs	O
as	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
programs	O
,	O
attempting	O
to	O
run	O
them	O
in	O
DOSBox	B-Application
(	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
work	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
provides	O
Winelib	B-Application
,	O
which	O
allows	O
its	O
shared-object	O
implementations	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Library
API	I-Library
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
actual	O
libraries	O
for	O
a	O
Unix	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
October	O
2010	O
,	O
Winelib	B-Application
also	O
works	O
on	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
Solaris	B-Application
SPARC	B-Architecture
was	O
dropped	O
in	O
version	O
1.5.26	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
provides	O
some	O
support	O
for	O
ARM	B-Architecture
(	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
ARM64/AArch64	O
)	O
processors	O
and	O
the	O
Windows	O
flavors	O
that	O
run	O
on	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Wine	O
can	O
run	O
ARM/Win32	O
applications	O
intended	O
for	O
unlocked	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
RT	I-Operating_System
devices	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
RT	I-Operating_System
programs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
support	O
(	O
either	O
x86	B-Operating_System
or	O
ARM	B-Architecture
)	O
is	O
missing	O
,	O
but	O
an	O
unofficial	O
,	O
pre-alpha	O
proof-of-concept	O
version	O
called	O
WineCE	O
allows	O
for	O
some	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
3	O
February	O
2013	O
at	O
the	O
FOSDEM	O
talk	O
in	O
Brussels	O
,	O
Alexandre	O
Julliard	O
demonstrated	O
an	O
early	O
demo	O
of	O
Wine	O
running	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Experimental	O
builds	O
of	O
WINE	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
(	O
x86	B-Operating_System
and	O
ARM	B-Architecture
)	O
were	O
released	O
in	O
late	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
builds	O
do	O
not	O
implement	O
cross-architecture	O
emulation	B-Application
via	O
QEMU	B-Application
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
ARM	B-Architecture
versions	O
will	O
only	O
run	O
ARM	B-Architecture
applications	O
that	O
use	O
the	O
Win32	B-Library
API	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
,	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
uses	O
specialized	O
Windows	O
builds	O
of	O
Gecko	B-Language
and	O
Mono	B-Application
to	O
substitute	O
for	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
and	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
has	O
built-in	O
implementations	O
of	O
JScript	B-Language
and	O
VBScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
to	O
have	O
good	O
support	O
for	O
most	O
versions	O
of	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
(	O
IE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Of	O
all	O
the	O
reasonably	O
recent	O
versions	O
,	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
8	O
for	O
Windows	O
XP	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
version	O
that	O
reports	O
a	O
usable	O
rating	O
on	O
Wine	O
's	O
AppDB	O
,	O
out-of-the-box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
gets	O
a	O
gold	O
rating	O
(	O
as	O
of	O
Wine	O
5.5-staging	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
IE	O
replacement	O
web	O
browser	O
Edge	O
,	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
that	O
browser	O
(	O
after	O
switching	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
own	O
rendering	O
engine	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Winetricks	O
offer	O
auto-installation	O
for	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
6	O
through	O
8	O
,	O
so	O
these	O
versions	O
can	O
be	O
reasonably	O
expected	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
its	O
built-in	O
workarounds	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
alternative	O
for	O
installing	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
directly	O
is	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
now-defunct	O
IEs4Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
not	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
versions	O
of	O
Wine	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
IEs4Linux	B-Application
is	O
inactive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	O
Wine	O
development	O
aims	O
at	O
a	O
correct	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Library
API	I-Library
as	O
a	O
whole	O
and	O
has	O
sometimes	O
lagged	O
in	O
some	O
areas	O
of	O
compatibility	O
with	O
certain	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Direct3D	B-Application
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
remained	O
unimplemented	O
until	O
1998	O
,	O
although	O
newer	O
releases	O
have	O
had	O
an	O
increasingly	O
complete	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CodeWeavers	O
markets	O
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
specifically	O
for	O
running	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
and	O
other	O
major	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
including	O
some	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CodeWeavers	O
employs	O
Alexandre	O
Julliard	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
Wine	O
and	O
contributes	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
code	O
to	O
the	O
Wine	B-Application
project	I-Application
under	O
the	O
LGPL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CodeWeavers	O
also	O
released	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
called	O
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
Mac	O
for	O
Intel-based	O
Apple	B-Device
Macintosh	I-Device
computers	O
on	O
10	O
January	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
upstream	B-General_Concept
wine	O
,	O
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
is	O
notably	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
x64-only	O
versions	O
of	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
using	O
a	O
technique	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
wine32on64	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2012	O
,	O
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
includes	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
Games	O
and	O
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
Pro	O
lines	O
therefore	O
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
Games	O
and	O
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
Pro	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
available	O
as	O
single	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
Games	O
was	O
optimized	O
for	O
running	O
Windows	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
,	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
focus	O
on	O
providing	O
the	O
most	O
stable	O
version	O
of	O
Wine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
21	O
August	O
2018	O
,	O
Valve	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
variation	O
of	O
Wine	O
,	O
named	O
Proton	B-Application
,	O
designed	O
to	O
integrate	O
with	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
version	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
Steam	B-Application
software	I-Application
(	O
including	O
Steam	B-Application
installations	O
built	O
into	O
their	O
Linux-based	O
SteamOS	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
Steam	B-Device
Machine	I-Device
computers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valve	O
's	O
goal	O
for	O
Proton	B-Application
is	O
to	O
enable	O
Steam	B-Application
users	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
to	O
play	O
games	O
which	O
lack	O
a	O
native	O
Linux	B-Application
port	O
(	O
particularly	O
back-catalog	O
games	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
ultimately	O
,	O
through	O
integration	O
with	O
Steam	B-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
improvements	O
to	O
game	O
support	O
relative	O
to	O
mainline	O
Wine	O
,	O
to	O
give	O
users	O
"	O
the	O
same	O
simple	O
plug-and-play	O
experience	O
"	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
get	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
playing	O
the	O
game	O
natively	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
entered	O
public	O
beta	O
immediately	O
upon	O
being	O
announced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valve	O
had	O
already	O
been	O
collaborating	O
with	O
CodeWeavers	O
since	O
2016	O
to	O
develop	O
improvements	O
to	O
Wine	O
's	O
gaming	O
performance	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
merged	O
to	O
the	O
upstream	B-General_Concept
Wine	B-Application
project	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
specific	O
improvements	O
incorporated	O
into	O
Proton	B-Application
include	O
Vulkan-based	O
Direct3D	B-Application
9	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
11	O
,	O
and	O
12	O
implementations	O
via	O
vkd3d	O
,	O
DXVK	O
,	O
and	O
D9VK	O
multi-threaded	O
performance	O
improvements	O
via	O
esync	O
,	O
improved	O
handling	O
of	O
fullscreen	O
games	O
,	O
and	O
better	O
automatic	O
game	B-Device
controller	I-Device
hardware	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proton	B-Application
is	O
fully	O
open-source	O
and	O
available	O
via	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Russian	O
company	O
Etersoft	O
has	O
been	O
developing	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
version	O
of	O
Wine	O
since	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WINE	O
@Etersoft	O
supports	O
popular	O
Russian	O
applications	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
1C:Enterprise	B-Application
by	O
1C	O
Company	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OTVDM	O
,	O
a	O
16-bit	B-Device
app	O
compatibility	B-General_Concept
layer	I-General_Concept
for	O
64-bit	B-Device
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ReactOS	B-Application
,	O
a	O
project	O
to	O
write	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
compatible	O
with	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
versions	O
5.x	O
and	O
up	O
(	O
which	O
includes	O
Windows	B-Application
2000	I-Application
and	O
its	O
successors	O
)	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ReactOS	B-Application
uses	O
Wine	O
source	O
code	O
considerably	O
,	O
but	O
because	O
of	O
architectural	O
differences	O
,	O
ReactOS	B-Application
code	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
DLLs	O
written	O
specifically	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
like	O
ntdll	B-Application
,	O
user32	O
,	O
kernel32	O
,	O
gdi32	O
,	O
and	O
advapi	O
)	O
is	O
not	O
generally	O
reused	O
in	O
Wine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2009	O
,	O
Aleksey	O
Bragin	O
,	O
the	O
ReactOS	B-Application
project	O
lead	O
,	O
started	O
a	O
new	O
ReactOS	B-Application
branch	O
called	O
Arwinss	B-Application
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
officially	O
announced	O
in	O
January	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arwinss	B-Application
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
Win32	B-Library
components	O
,	O
and	O
uses	O
mostly	O
unchanged	O
versions	O
of	O
Wine	O
's	O
user32.dll	O
and	O
gdi32.dll	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WineBottler	B-Application
,	O
a	O
wrapper	B-Library
around	O
Wine	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
normal	O
Mac	O
application	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wineskin	O
,	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
Wine	O
GUI	B-Application
configuration	O
manager	O
for	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wineskin	O
creates	O
a	O
wrapper	B-Library
around	O
Wine	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
normal	O
Mac	O
Application	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
wrapper	B-Library
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
distributable	O
"	O
port	O
"	O
of	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Odin	B-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
project	O
to	O
run	O
Win32	B-Library
binaries	O
on	O
OS/2	B-Application
or	O
convert	O
them	O
to	O
OS/2	B-Application
native	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
also	O
provides	O
the	O
Odin32	O
API	O
to	O
compile	B-Language
Win32	B-Library
programs	O
for	O
OS/2	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Virtualization	B-General_Concept
products	O
such	O
as	O
Parallels	B-Language
Desktop	I-Language
for	I-Language
Mac	I-Language
and	O
VirtualBox	B-Operating_System
use	O
WineD3D	O
to	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
GPU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinOnX	O
,	O
a	O
commercial	O
package	O
of	O
Wine	O
for	O
macOS	B-Application
that	O
includes	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
for	O
adding	O
and	O
managing	O
applications	O
and	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
WineD3D	O
for	O
Windows	O
,	O
a	O
compatibility	O
wrapper	B-Library
which	O
emulates	B-Application
old	O
Direct3D	B-Application
versions	O
and	O
features	O
that	O
were	O
removed	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
in	O
recent	O
Windows	O
releases	O
,	O
using	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cedega	B-General_Concept
/	I-General_Concept
WineX	I-General_Concept
:	O
TransGaming	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
now	O
Findev	O
Inc	O
.	O
since	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
its	O
software	O
businesses	O
)	O
produced	O
the	O
proprietary	B-Application
Cedega	B-General_Concept
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Formerly	O
known	O
as	O
WineX	B-General_Concept
,	O
Cedega	B-General_Concept
represented	O
a	O
fork	B-Application
from	O
the	O
last	O
MIT-licensed	O
version	O
of	O
Wine	O
in	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
like	O
CrossOver	B-Operating_System
Games	O
,	O
TransGaming	O
's	O
Cedega	B-General_Concept
was	O
targeted	O
towards	O
running	O
Windows	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
7	O
January	O
2011	O
,	O
TransGaming	O
Inc	O
.	O
announced	O
continued	O
development	O
of	O
Cedega	B-General_Concept
Technology	O
under	O
the	O
GameTree	O
Developer	O
Program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TransGaming	O
Inc	O
.	O
allowed	O
members	O
to	O
keep	O
using	O
their	O
Cedega	B-General_Concept
ID	O
and	O
password	O
until	O
28	O
February	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cider	O
:	O
TransGaming	O
also	O
produced	O
Cider	O
,	O
a	O
library	O
for	O
Apple	B-Device
–	I-Device
Intel	I-Device
architecture	I-Device
Macintoshes	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
being	O
an	O
end-user	O
product	O
,	O
Cider	O
(	O
like	O
Winelib	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
wrapper	B-Library
allowing	O
developers	O
to	O
adapt	O
their	O
games	O
to	O
run	O
natively	O
on	O
Intel	B-Device
Mac	I-Device
without	O
any	O
changes	O
in	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Darwine	B-Language
:	O
a	O
port	O
of	O
the	O
Wine	O
libraries	O
to	O
Darwin	B-Operating_System
and	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	B-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
and	O
Intel	B-Operating_System
x86	I-Operating_System
(	O
32-bit	O
)	O
architectures	O
,	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
OpenDarwin	O
team	O
in	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
version	O
relied	O
on	O
QEMU	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Darwine	B-Language
was	O
merged	O
back	O
into	O
Wine	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
E/OS	O
LX	O
:	O
a	O
project	O
attempting	O
to	O
allow	O
any	O
program	O
designed	O
for	O
any	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
to	O
be	O
run	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
actually	O
install	O
any	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pipelight	B-Application
:	O
a	O
custom	O
version	O
of	O
Wine	O
(	O
wine-compholio	O
)	O
that	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
wrapper	B-Library
for	O
Windows	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
plugins	O
within	O
Linux	B-Application
browsers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
tool	O
permits	O
Linux	B-Application
users	O
to	O
run	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Silverlight	I-Application
,	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
equivalent	O
of	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
the	O
Unity	B-Application
web	I-Application
plugin	I-Application
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
other	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
plugins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
provides	O
an	O
extensive	O
set	O
of	O
patches	B-Application
against	O
the	O
upstream	B-General_Concept
Wine	B-Application
project	I-Application
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
approved	O
and	O
added	O
to	O
upstream	B-General_Concept
Wine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pipelight	B-Application
is	O
largely	O
obsolete	O
,	O
as	O
modern	O
browsers	O
no	O
longer	O
support	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
plugins	O
and	O
Silverlight	B-Application
has	O
been	O
deprecated	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wine	B-Application
project	I-Application
has	O
received	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
technical	O
and	O
philosophical	O
complaints	O
and	O
concerns	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
Wine	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
run	O
Windows	O
binary	O
code	O
,	O
concerns	O
have	O
been	O
raised	O
over	O
native	O
Windows	O
viruses	O
and	O
malware	O
affecting	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
as	O
Wine	O
can	O
run	O
limited	O
malware	O
made	O
for	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
the	O
developers	O
of	O
Wine	O
recommend	O
never	O
running	O
it	O
as	O
the	O
superuser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Malware	O
research	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
ZeroWine	O
runs	O
Wine	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
in	O
a	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
,	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
malware	O
completely	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
host	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
alternative	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
security	O
without	O
the	O
performance	O
cost	O
of	O
using	O
a	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
,	O
is	O
to	O
run	O
Wine	O
in	O
an	O
LXC	B-Application
container	O
,	O
as	O
Anbox	B-Application
software	O
is	O
doing	O
by	O
default	O
with	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
common	O
concern	O
about	O
Wine	O
is	O
that	O
its	O
existence	O
means	O
that	O
vendors	O
are	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
write	O
native	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
BSD	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
worth	O
considering	O
IBM	O
's	O
1994	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
OS/2	B-Application
Warp	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
article	O
describes	O
the	O
weaknesses	O
of	O
OS/2	B-Application
which	O
killed	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
one	O
being	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
OS/2	B-Application
had	O
many	O
problems	O
with	O
end	O
user	O
acceptance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Perhaps	O
the	O
most	O
serious	O
was	O
that	O
most	O
computers	O
sold	O
already	O
came	O
with	O
DOS	O
and	O
Windows	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
people	O
did	O
n't	O
bother	O
to	O
evaluate	O
OS/2	B-Application
on	O
its	O
merits	O
due	O
to	O
already	O
having	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Bundling	O
"	O
of	O
DOS	O
and	O
Windows	O
and	O
the	O
chilling	O
effect	O
this	O
had	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
market	O
frequently	O
came	O
up	O
in	O
United	O
States	O
v	O
.	O
Microsoft	O
Corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wine	B-Application
project	I-Application
itself	O
responds	O
to	O
the	O
specific	O
complaint	O
of	O
"	O
encouraging	O
"	O
the	O
continued	O
development	O
for	O
the	O
Windows	B-Library
API	I-Library
on	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
wiki	B-Protocol
pages	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
the	O
Wine	O
Wiki	B-Protocol
page	O
claims	O
that	O
Wine	O
can	O
help	O
break	O
the	O
chicken-and-egg	O
problem	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
on	O
the	O
desktop	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
Wine	O
for	O
gaming	O
has	O
proved	O
specifically	O
controversial	O
in	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
community	O
,	O
as	O
some	O
feel	O
it	O
is	O
preventing	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
hindering	O
,	O
the	O
further	O
growth	O
of	O
native	O
Linux	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
on	O
the	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
quirk	O
however	O
is	O
that	O
Wine	O
is	O
now	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
16-bit	B-Device
and	O
even	O
certain	O
32-bit	O
applications	O
and	O
games	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
launch	O
on	O
current	O
64-bit	B-Device
Windows	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
use-case	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
running	O
Wine	O
on	O
Windows	O
itself	O
via	O
Windows	O
Subsystem	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
or	O
third-party	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
encapsulated	O
by	O
means	O
such	O
as	O
BoxedWine	O
and	O
Otvdm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
16	O
February	O
2005	O
,	O
Ivan	O
Leo	O
Puoti	O
discovered	O
that	O
Microsoft	O
had	O
started	O
checking	O
the	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Registry	I-Protocol
for	O
the	O
Wine	O
configuration	O
key	O
and	O
would	O
block	O
the	O
Windows	O
Update	O
for	O
any	O
component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2020	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
cited	O
Wine	O
as	O
a	O
positive	O
consequence	O
of	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
reimplement	O
APIs	O
,	O
in	O
its	O
amicus	O
curiae	O
brief	O
for	O
Google	B-Language
LLC	I-Language
v	I-Language
.	I-Language
Oracle	I-Language
America	I-Language
,	I-Language
Inc	I-Language
.	I-Language
</s>
