<s>
Dartmouth	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
is	O
the	O
original	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
BASIC	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
underlying	O
Dartmouth	B-Operating_System
Time	I-Operating_System
Sharing	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
(	O
DTSS	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
offered	O
an	O
interactive	O
programming	B-Application
environment	I-Application
to	O
all	O
undergraduates	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
larger	O
university	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dartmouth	O
also	O
introduced	O
a	O
dramatically	O
updated	O
version	O
known	O
as	O
Structured	O
BASIC	O
(	O
or	O
SBASIC	O
)	O
in	O
1975	O
,	O
which	O
added	O
various	O
structured	B-Language
programming	I-Language
concepts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
string	O
variables	O
,	O
which	O
most	O
BASIC	O
users	O
take	O
for	B-Language
granted	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
original	O
could	O
print	O
strings	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
generally	O
leave	O
out	O
more	O
esoteric	O
features	O
like	O
matrix	O
math	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
Dartmouth	O
compilers	O
,	O
most	O
other	O
BASICs	O
were	O
written	O
as	O
interpreters	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
decision	O
allowed	O
them	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
the	O
limited	O
main	O
memory	O
of	O
early	O
microcomputers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
is	O
one	O
example	O
,	O
designed	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
only	O
4KB	O
of	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
became	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
for	B-Language
BASIC	O
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
abandonment	O
of	O
the	O
ANSI	O
SBASIC	O
efforts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kemeny	O
and	O
Kurtz	O
later	O
formed	O
a	O
company	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
promote	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
SBASIC	O
known	O
as	O
True	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
early	B-Application
mainframe	I-Application
games	I-Application
trace	O
their	O
history	O
to	O
Dartmouth	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
and	O
the	O
DTSS	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
selection	O
of	O
these	O
were	O
collected	O
,	O
in	O
HP	B-Language
Time-Shared	I-Language
BASIC	I-Language
versions	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
People	O
's	O
Computer	O
Company	O
book	O
What	O
to	O
do	O
after	O
you	O
hit	O
Return	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
source	O
listings	O
in	O
BASIC	B-Application
Computer	I-Application
Games	I-Application
and	O
related	O
works	O
also	O
trace	O
their	O
history	O
to	O
Dartmouth	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1956	O
he	O
gained	O
access	O
to	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
704	I-Device
via	O
MIT	O
's	O
New	O
England	O
Regional	O
Computer	O
Center	O
efforts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
year	O
,	O
he	O
wrote	O
the	O
DARSIMCO	B-Language
language	O
,	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
assembler	B-Language
which	O
simplified	O
the	O
programming	O
of	O
mathematical	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DARSIMCO	B-Language
was	O
forgotten	O
when	O
the	O
first	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
compiler	O
was	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
machine	O
in	O
1957	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
arrival	O
of	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
instilled	O
an	O
important	O
lesson	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kurtz	O
,	O
having	O
been	O
indoctrinated	O
that	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
was	O
slow	O
,	O
spent	O
several	O
months	O
writing	O
a	O
program	O
in	O
704	O
assembler	B-Language
which	O
had	O
taken	O
up	O
about	O
an	O
hour	O
of	O
CPU	O
time	O
to	O
debug	O
and	O
still	O
was	O
n't	O
running	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Giving	O
up	O
,	O
he	O
rewrote	O
it	O
in	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
and	O
had	O
it	O
running	O
in	O
five	O
minutes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1959	O
,	O
the	O
school	O
received	O
its	O
first	O
computer	O
,	O
the	O
drum-based	B-General_Concept
LGP-30	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
student	O
wrote	O
a	O
FORTRAN-inspired	O
language	O
called	O
DART	O
for	B-Language
the	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
produce	O
an	O
ALGOL	B-Language
58	O
compiler	O
,	O
turning	O
to	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
when	O
that	O
definition	O
was	O
finalized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
functional	O
cut-down	O
version	O
known	O
as	O
ALGOL	B-Language
30	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
development	O
produced	O
SCALP	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
Self-Contained	O
Algol	B-Language
Processor	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
one-pass	O
compiler	O
that	O
was	O
ready	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
compiled	O
program	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
the	O
punched	O
tape	O
finished	O
reading	O
in	O
the	O
source	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1962	O
,	O
Kemeny	O
and	O
high-school	O
student	O
Sidney	O
Marshall	O
began	O
experimenting	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
language	O
,	O
DOPE	B-Language
(	O
Dartmouth	O
Oversimplified	O
Programming	O
Experiment	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
used	O
numbered	O
lines	O
to	O
represent	O
instructions	O
,	O
for	B-Language
instance	O
,	O
to	O
add	O
two	O
numbers	O
,	O
DOPE	B-Language
used	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Which	O
meant	O
"	O
on	O
line	O
5	O
,	O
perform	O
an	O
addition	O
of	O
the	O
values	O
in	O
variables	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
and	O
put	O
the	O
result	O
in	O
C	B-Language
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
somewhat	O
cryptic	O
in	O
layout	O
,	O
the	O
basis	O
for	B-Language
the	O
future	O
BASIC	B-Language
language	I-Language
can	O
be	O
seen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kemeny	O
and	O
Kurtz	O
agreed	O
on	O
the	O
need	O
for	B-Language
programming	O
literacy	O
among	O
students	O
outside	O
the	O
traditional	O
STEM	O
fields	O
;	O
only	O
25%	O
of	O
the	O
students	O
at	O
Dartmouth	O
took	O
STEM-related	O
courses	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
level	O
of	O
mathematics	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
almost	O
every	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
doing	O
so	O
would	O
be	O
largely	O
impossible	O
given	O
what	O
they	O
had	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
;	O
the	O
turnaround	O
on	O
a	O
typical	O
SCALP	O
run	O
was	O
about	O
15	O
minutes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
languages	O
were	O
far	O
too	O
difficult	O
for	B-Language
non-STEM	O
users	O
to	O
use	O
for	B-Language
basic	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
n't	O
simply	O
the	O
complexity	O
that	O
was	O
a	O
problem	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
entire	O
concept	O
of	O
the	O
batch	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
they	O
later	O
put	O
it	O
,	O
"	O
If	O
it	O
takes	O
on	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
1	O
day	O
for	B-Language
one	O
try	O
,	O
the	O
student	O
will	O
either	O
lose	O
interest	O
or	O
forget	O
what	O
the	O
problems	O
were	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
best	O
,	O
he	O
will	O
waste	O
time	O
standing	O
around	O
waiting	O
for	B-Language
the	O
day	O
's	O
results	O
to	O
appear.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1959	O
,	O
due	O
largely	O
to	O
Kemeny	O
's	O
reputation	O
as	O
an	O
innovator	O
in	O
math	O
teaching	O
,	O
the	O
department	O
won	O
an	O
Alfred	O
P	O
.	O
Sloan	O
Foundation	O
award	O
for	B-Language
$	O
500,000	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
new	O
department	O
building	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
a	O
1961	O
visit	O
to	O
MIT	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
introduced	O
to	O
the	O
PDP-1	B-Device
and	O
its	O
recently	O
completed	O
experimental	O
time-sharing	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
John	O
McCarthy	O
asked	O
Kurtz	O
why	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
use	O
time	O
sharing	O
for	B-Language
their	O
efforts	O
to	O
bring	O
computing	O
to	O
the	O
masses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
experiment	O
to	O
test	O
whether	O
the	O
concept	O
was	O
workable	O
,	O
students	O
were	O
broken	O
into	O
groups	O
of	O
five	O
and	O
given	O
turns	O
on	O
the	O
LGP-30	B-Device
using	O
SCALP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
arrival	O
of	O
the	O
Teletype	B-Application
Model	I-Application
33	I-Application
teleprinter	O
using	O
the	O
newly	O
introduced	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
over	O
telephone	O
lines	O
solved	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
access	O
;	O
no	O
longer	O
would	O
the	O
programmers	O
have	O
to	O
submit	O
the	O
programs	O
on	O
cards	O
or	O
paper	O
tape	O
,	O
they	O
would	O
now	O
use	O
the	O
Model	O
33	O
to	O
type	O
directly	O
into	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
that	O
was	O
needed	O
was	O
a	O
new	O
machine	O
that	O
was	O
fast	O
enough	O
to	O
host	O
a	O
time-sharing	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
simple	O
language	O
for	B-Language
the	O
programmers	O
to	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kurtz	O
was	O
more	O
interested	O
in	O
a	O
cut-down	O
version	O
of	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
or	O
ALGOL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
language	O
and	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
on	O
an	O
off-the-shelf	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
1964	O
,	O
they	O
approached	O
the	O
National	O
Science	O
Foundation	O
(	O
NSF	O
)	O
for	B-Language
funding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NSF	O
sent	O
the	O
proposals	O
,	O
one	O
for	B-Language
the	O
time	O
sharing	O
system	O
and	O
another	O
for	B-Language
the	O
language	O
,	O
out	O
for	B-Language
peer	O
review	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Educational	O
discounts	O
available	O
from	O
General	O
Electric	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
a	O
GE-225	B-Device
computer	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
era	O
when	O
not	O
"	O
going	O
IBM	O
"	O
was	O
still	O
fraught	O
with	O
peril	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GE-225	B-Device
was	O
paired	O
with	O
the	O
much	O
simpler	O
DATANET-30	B-Device
(	O
DN-30	O
)	O
machine	O
and	O
a	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
connected	O
to	O
both	O
machines	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
share	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
included	O
one	O
key	O
feature	O
,	O
direct	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
(	O
DMA	O
)	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
larger	O
GE	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
user	O
typed	O
RUN	O
,	O
the	O
DN-30	O
would	O
use	O
DMA	O
to	O
send	O
that	O
command	O
to	O
the	O
GE-225	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
1963	O
,	O
pending	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
the	O
computer	O
,	O
GE	O
provided	O
access	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
GE-225s	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Students	O
Michael	O
Busch	O
and	O
John	O
McGeachie	O
began	O
working	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
design	O
that	O
fall	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
that	O
point	O
,	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
design	O
was	O
already	O
well	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
student	O
programmers	O
working	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
did	O
so	O
for	B-Language
50	O
hours	O
a	O
week	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
their	O
normal	O
course	O
load	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
machine	O
remained	O
running	O
properly	O
for	B-Language
an	O
average	O
of	O
five	O
minutes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GE	O
built	O
about	O
75	O
additional	O
examples	O
of	O
the	O
GE-265	O
,	O
many	O
for	B-Language
their	O
service	O
bureau	O
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
a	O
success	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
put	O
considerable	O
strain	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
and	O
it	O
became	O
clear	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
no	O
room	O
for	B-Language
future	O
growth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1965	O
,	O
the	O
team	O
approached	O
GE	O
for	B-Language
support	O
with	O
ongoing	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
,	O
Vice	O
President	O
Louis	O
Rader	O
offered	O
the	O
new	O
GE-635	B-Device
,	O
which	O
ran	O
approximately	O
10	O
times	O
as	O
fast	O
and	O
included	O
two	O
CPUs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
a	O
second	O
DN-30	O
would	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
handle	O
more	O
lines	O
,	O
enough	O
for	B-Language
150	O
simultaneous	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
waiting	O
for	B-Language
this	O
machine	O
to	O
arrive	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
summer	O
and	O
fall	O
of	O
1966	O
a	O
GE-635	B-Device
at	O
the	O
Rome	O
Air	O
Development	O
Center	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
MOLDS	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
Multiple	O
User	O
On-Line	O
Debugging	O
System	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GE-635	B-Device
was	O
operational	O
in	O
early	O
1967	O
,	O
and	O
using	O
MOLDS	O
the	O
new	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
fully	O
functional	O
in	O
September	O
,	O
at	O
which	O
time	O
the	O
GE-265	O
was	O
sold	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GE	O
provided	O
the	O
machine	O
for	B-Language
free	O
for	B-Language
three	O
years	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
wider	O
agreement	O
under	O
which	O
Dartmouth	O
would	O
develop	O
new	O
versions	O
of	O
BASIC	O
while	O
GE	O
used	O
it	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
new	O
release	O
of	O
their	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
this	O
"	O
Phase	O
I	O
"	O
system	O
became	O
operational	O
,	O
the	O
Dartmouth	O
team	O
began	O
development	O
of	O
"	O
Phase	O
II	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
ideal	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
installed	O
in	O
March	O
1969	O
,	O
and	O
changed	O
its	O
name	O
to	O
the	O
Dartmouth	B-Operating_System
Time	I-Operating_System
Sharing	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
shortly	O
thereafter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
57%	O
of	O
the	O
CPU	O
time	O
was	O
used	O
for	B-Language
coursework	O
,	O
16%	O
for	B-Language
research	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
remaining	O
27%	O
for	B-Language
"	O
recreational	O
use	O
"	O
;	O
Dartmouth	O
actively	O
encouraged	O
users	O
to	O
play	O
games	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
get	O
hands-on	O
use	O
and	O
overcome	O
fear	O
of	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
were	O
supported	O
by	O
multiplexer	B-Protocol
systems	O
that	O
allowed	O
up	O
to	O
12	O
terminals	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
over	O
a	O
single	O
voice-grade	O
telephone	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
these	O
lines	O
were	O
available	O
for	B-Language
dial-up	O
use	O
with	O
a	O
modem	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
BASIC	O
,	O
computer	O
services	O
became	O
far	O
more	O
accessible	O
to	O
end-users	O
whose	O
tasks	O
would	O
take	O
too	O
long	O
to	O
code	O
for	B-Language
them	O
to	O
be	O
suitable	O
for	B-Language
solving	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
manufacturers	O
who	O
introduced	O
computers	O
specifically	O
designed	O
for	B-Language
this	O
market	O
of	O
users	O
who	O
wanted	O
to	O
solve	O
small	O
or	O
medium-scale	O
tasks	O
and	O
were	O
not	O
as	O
worried	O
about	O
outright	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HP	O
2000	O
ran	O
HP	B-Language
Time-Shared	I-Language
BASIC	I-Language
,	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
a	O
BASIC	O
and	O
a	O
time-share	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
almost	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
DTSS	O
setup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
supported	O
up	O
to	O
32	O
simultaneous	O
users	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
low-end	O
HP	O
2100	O
CPU	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
terminals	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
fashion	O
as	O
the	O
Datanet-30	B-Device
of	O
the	O
original	O
GE-265	O
setup	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
programs	O
ran	O
on	O
a	O
higher-end	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
machine	O
,	O
typically	O
differing	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
more	O
core	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
's	O
BASIC	O
used	O
a	O
semi-compiled	O
tokenized	O
format	O
for	B-Language
storing	O
programs	O
,	O
which	O
improved	O
loading	O
times	O
and	O
meant	O
"	O
compiles	O
"	O
were	O
zero-time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corporation	O
took	O
a	O
different	O
approach	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
single-machine	O
offering	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
existing	O
PDP-11	B-Device
line	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
RSTS/E	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
BASIC-PLUS	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
BASIC-PLUS	B-Language
more	O
closely	O
followed	O
the	O
Fifth	O
Edition	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
MAT	O
commands	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
implemented	O
as	O
a	O
pure	O
interpreter	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
Dartmouth	O
compiler	O
or	O
HP	O
's	O
tokenized	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
included	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
control	O
structures	O
following	O
the	O
JOSS	B-Language
model	O
,	O
like	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tymshare	B-Language
SUPER	I-Language
BASIC	I-Language
also	O
supported	O
JOSS-style	O
structures	O
and	O
matrix	O
math	O
,	O
but	O
retained	O
the	O
original	O
compile-and-go	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Kurtz	O
began	O
considering	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
an	O
ANSI	O
standard	O
for	B-Language
BASIC	O
in	O
1973	O
,	O
he	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
time-sharing	O
service	O
bureaus	O
with	O
BASIC	O
available	O
was	O
greater	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kemeny	O
actively	O
encouraged	O
games	O
on	O
the	O
DTSS	O
platform	O
,	O
and	O
considered	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
reasons	O
for	B-Language
the	O
success	O
of	O
the	O
DTSS	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
was	O
likely	O
the	O
author	O
of	O
an	O
early	B-Application
mainframe	I-Application
game	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Kemeny	O
did	O
not	O
take	O
credit	O
for	B-Language
it	O
,	O
he	O
later	O
referred	O
to	O
FTBALL	O
by	O
stating	O
it	O
"	O
was	O
written	O
on	O
Sunday	O
after	O
a	O
certain	O
Dartmouth-Princeton	O
game	O
in	O
1965	O
when	O
Dartmouth	O
won	O
the	O
Lambert	O
trophy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
system	O
expanded	O
,	O
especially	O
after	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
string	O
handling	O
in	O
BASIC	O
,	O
the	O
DTSS	O
system	O
became	O
a	O
major	O
platform	O
for	B-Language
the	O
development	O
of	O
many	O
text-based	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
these	O
listings	O
were	O
collected	O
in	O
their	O
1975	O
book	O
,	O
What	O
to	O
do	O
after	O
you	O
hit	O
return	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
more	O
famous	O
collection	O
is	O
BASIC	B-Application
Computer	I-Application
Games	I-Application
of	O
1978	O
,	O
where	O
about	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
programs	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
were	O
either	O
written	O
at	O
Dartmouth	O
,	O
including	O
another	O
by	O
Kemeny	O
,	O
Batnum	O
,	O
or	O
more	O
commonly	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
many	O
high	O
schools	O
that	O
were	O
connected	O
to	O
it	O
after	O
1968	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiplayer	O
video	O
games	O
became	O
possible	O
in	O
BASIC	O
when	O
Stephen	O
Garland	O
and	O
John	O
McGeachie	O
developed	O
the	O
MOTIF	O
Multiple	O
Online	O
Terminal	O
Interface	O
for	B-Language
DTSS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MOTIF	O
then	O
multiplexed	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
for	B-Language
the	O
BASIC	O
program	O
,	O
prepending	O
a	O
string	O
identifier	O
to	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
each	O
line	O
of	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
version	O
,	O
retroactively	O
known	O
as	O
version	O
one	O
,	O
supported	O
the	O
commands	O
LET	O
,	O
PRINT	O
,	O
END	O
,	O
FOR	B-Language
...	O
NEXT	O
,	O
GOTO	B-Application
,	O
GOSUB	B-Device
...	O
RETURN	B-Language
,	O
IF	O
...	O
THEN	O
,	O
DEF	O
,	O
READ	O
,	O
DATA	O
,	O
DIM	O
,	O
and	O
REM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
included	O
basic	O
math	O
instructions	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
up-arrow	O
for	B-Language
exponents	O
"	O
since	O
...	O
on	O
a	O
teletype	O
typewriter	O
it	O
is	O
impossible	O
to	O
print	O
superscripts.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
operations	O
were	O
done	O
in	O
floating	B-Algorithm
point	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
GE-225	B-Device
and	O
GE-235	O
,	O
this	O
produced	O
a	O
precision	O
of	O
about	O
30	O
bits	O
(	O
roughly	O
ten	O
digits	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
base-2	O
exponent	O
range	O
of	O
-256	O
to	O
+255	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
in	O
October	O
1964	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
start	O
arrays	O
at	O
subscript	O
0	O
instead	O
of	O
1	O
(	O
useful	O
for	B-Language
representing	O
polynomials	O
)	O
and	O
added	O
the	O
semicolon	O
,	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
PRINT	O
statement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
later	O
implementations	O
where	O
this	O
left	O
space	O
between	O
items	O
,	O
the	O
semicolon	O
advanced	O
printing	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
multiple	O
of	O
three	O
characters	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
useful	O
for	B-Language
"	O
packing	O
"	O
more	O
numbers	O
into	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
output	O
than	O
the	O
existing	O
comma	O
separator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
October	O
version	O
also	O
included	O
a	O
separate	O
definition	O
for	B-Language
CARDBASIC	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
simply	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
BASIC	O
for	B-Language
use	O
on	O
card-based	O
workflows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Third	O
Edition	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1966	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
"	O
edition	O
"	O
naming	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
designed	O
specifically	O
with	O
the	O
intent	O
of	O
running	O
on	O
the	O
new	O
GE-635	B-Device
computer	O
which	O
was	O
due	O
to	O
arrive	O
shortly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
change	O
in	O
this	O
version	O
was	O
the	O
new	O
INPUT	O
statement	O
,	O
which	O
parsed	O
numeric	B-Algorithm
values	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
language	O
truly	O
interactive	O
during	O
execution	O
for	B-Language
the	O
first	O
time	O
;	O
previously	O
the	O
only	O
control	O
one	O
had	O
during	O
execution	O
was	O
to	O
type	O
STOP	O
in	O
the	O
monitor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
as	O
plans	O
were	O
made	O
to	O
receive	O
the	O
GE-635	B-Device
,	O
an	O
experimental	O
version	O
was	O
created	O
on	O
the	O
635	O
in	O
the	O
spring	O
of	O
1967	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
was	O
a	O
partnership	O
between	O
GE	O
and	O
Dartmouth	O
,	O
with	O
GE	O
contributing	O
a	O
new	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
features	O
of	O
BASIC	O
from	O
their	O
own	O
Mark	O
1	O
BASIC	O
efforts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
,	O
initially	O
published	O
as	O
a	O
supplement	O
to	O
the	O
Third	O
Edition	O
,	O
added	O
the	O
RANDOMIZE	O
command	O
to	O
"	O
seed	O
"	O
the	O
RND	O
function	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ON	O
...	O
GOTO	B-Application
"	O
computed	O
goto	B-Application
"	O
that	O
closely	O
matched	O
the	O
similar	O
feature	O
in	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
also	O
allowed	O
ON	O
...	O
THEN	O
,	O
arguing	O
that	O
IF	O
...	O
THEN	O
did	O
not	O
require	O
the	O
GOTO	B-Application
then	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
required	O
here	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
addition	O
for	B-Language
this	O
version	O
was	O
string	O
variables	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
READ/DATA	O
statements	O
which	O
could	O
store	O
strings	O
in	O
them	O
and	O
the	O
INPUT	O
statement	O
to	O
read	O
them	O
interactively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
converted	O
the	O
string	O
value	O
in	O
a	O
variable	O
to	O
the	O
equivalent	O
set	O
of	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
values	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
numeric	B-Algorithm
array	O
could	O
then	O
be	O
manipulated	O
and	O
converted	O
back	O
to	O
a	O
string	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	B-Language
instance	O
,	O
this	O
code	O
produces	O
"	O
is	O
"	O
on	O
the	O
console	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
included	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
define	O
multi-line	O
functions	O
with	O
the	O
DEF	O
command	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
powerful	O
CHANGE	O
statement	O
that	O
treated	O
strings	O
as	O
arrays	O
of	O
ASCII-like	O
codes	O
so	O
individual	O
characters	O
could	O
be	O
operated	O
on	O
without	O
looping	O
over	O
the	O
entire	O
string	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
versions	O
added	O
the	O
to	O
allow	O
files	O
to	O
be	O
specified	O
by	O
strings	O
,	O
although	O
for	B-Language
a	O
time	O
this	O
required	O
a	O
near	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
to	O
indicate	O
you	O
were	O
using	O
this	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	B-Language
random	O
access	O
files	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
had	O
to	O
specify	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
data	O
within	O
;	O
indicated	O
it	O
contained	O
binary	O
data	O
,	O
while	O
indicated	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
read	O
as	O
strings	O
with	O
a	O
maximum	O
length	O
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
major	O
change	O
was	O
the	O
ability	O
for	B-Language
one	O
BASIC	O
program	O
to	O
call	O
another	O
using	O
the	O
command	O
,	O
and	O
pass	O
variables	O
to	O
it	O
using	O
the	O
list	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ampersand	O
,	O
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
for	B-Language
string	O
concatenation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
string	O
functions	O
included	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
common	O
in	O
modern	O
BASIC	B-Language
dialects	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
as	O
a	O
short	O
form	O
for	B-Language
also	O
appeared	O
in	O
this	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
complete	O
specification	O
was	O
written	O
beforehand	O
for	B-Language
the	O
new	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
given	O
considerable	O
time	O
to	O
mature	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
beta	O
version	O
running	O
for	B-Language
three	O
months	O
during	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
1971	O
,	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
finally	O
released	O
on	O
21	O
September	O
1971	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
changes	O
was	O
the	O
replacement	O
of	O
the	O
earlier	O
CHAIN	O
concept	O
with	O
the	O
much	O
better-defined	O
CALL	O
which	O
operated	O
in	O
a	O
fashion	O
similar	O
to	O
GOSUB	B-Device
,	O
but	O
it	O
referred	O
to	O
a	O
function	O
name	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
line	O
number	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
major	O
change	O
was	O
to	O
use	O
file	O
handles	O
(	O
numbers	O
)	O
created	O
with	O
the	O
FILE	O
command	O
which	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
OPEN	O
which	O
is	O
found	O
in	O
most	O
modern	O
BASICs.PRINT	O
USING	O
provided	O
formatted	O
output	O
in	O
a	O
fashion	O
somewhat	O
similar	O
to	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
,	O
while	O
accepted	O
input	O
with	O
no	O
interpretation	O
,	O
allowing	O
commas	O
,	O
semicolons	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
BASIC	O
code	O
to	O
be	O
typed	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
for	B-Language
many	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1976	O
,	O
Stephen	O
Garland	O
collected	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
structured	B-Language
programming	I-Language
additions	O
to	O
create	O
Dartmouth	O
Structured	O
BASIC	O
,	O
or	O
SBASIC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
control	O
structures	O
based	O
on	O
IF	O
...	O
THEN	O
and	O
GOTO	B-Application
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
block-oriented	O
structures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Block	O
structures	O
were	O
terminated	O
by	O
matching	O
statements	O
as	O
was	O
the	O
case	O
in	O
ALGOL	B-Language
68	I-Language
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
generic	O
block	O
structures	O
found	O
in	O
languages	O
like	O
Pascal	B-Application
or	O
C	B-Language
.	O
For	B-Language
instance	O
,	O
the	O
DO	O
WHILE	O
...	O
spanned	O
multiple	O
lines	O
until	O
it	O
ended	O
with	O
a	O
LOOP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DO	B-Language
loop	I-Language
could	O
also	O
be	O
bottom	O
exited	O
by	O
removing	O
the	O
WHILE	O
or	O
UNTIL	O
and	O
placing	O
the	O
conditional	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
on	O
the	O
LOOP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Original	O
"	O
Dartmouth	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
did	O
not	O
allow	O
statements	O
after	O
a	O
THEN	O
,	O
only	O
a	O
line	O
number	O
to	O
branch	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SBASIC	O
allowed	O
any	O
statement	O
,	O
so	O
for	B-Language
instance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
basic	O
expansion	O
to	O
the	O
IF	O
...	O
THEN	O
,	O
pioneered	O
in	O
1972	O
with	O
BASIC-PLUS	B-Language
,	O
was	O
already	O
widely	O
supported	O
by	O
most	O
variety	O
of	O
BASICs	O
by	O
this	O
point	O
,	O
including	O
microcomputer	B-Architecture
versions	O
that	O
were	O
being	O
released	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
top	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
SBASIC	O
added	O
the	O
SELECT	O
CASE	O
mechanism	O
that	O
survives	O
to	O
this	O
day	O
in	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
.NET	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
SBASIC	O
also	O
added	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
graphics	O
commands	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
plotters	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
required	O
the	O
PLOTTER	B-Operating_System
"	O
plottername	O
"	O
to	O
direct	O
subsequent	O
commands	O
to	O
a	O
selected	O
device	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
WINDOW	O
...	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
its	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
then	O
on	O
,	O
PLOT	O
X	O
,	O
Y	O
would	O
produce	O
dots	O
on	O
the	O
selected	O
plotter	B-Operating_System
,	O
while	O
adding	O
the	O
semicolon	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
statement	O
,	O
as	O
used	O
in	O
PRINT	O
,	O
would	O
leave	O
the	O
pen	O
on	O
the	O
paper	O
and	O
produce	O
a	O
line	O
,	O
for	B-Language
instance	O
PLOT	O
10	O
,	O
10	O
;	O
20	O
,	O
20	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SBASIC	O
eventually	O
formed	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
1987	O
ANSI	B-Language
X3.113-1987	I-Language
Standard	I-Language
for	I-Language
Full	I-Language
Basic	I-Language
,	O
which	O
extended	O
the	O
earlier	O
1978	O
ANSI	O
ANSI	O
X3.60-1978	O
Standard	O
for	B-Language
Minimal	O
Basic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
long	O
delay	O
in	O
producing	O
that	O
standard	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
regard	O
among	O
computer	O
scientists	O
for	B-Language
unstructured	O
Basic	O
,	O
led	O
the	O
College	O
Board	O
committee	O
developing	O
the	O
Advanced	B-General_Concept
Placement	I-General_Concept
Course	I-General_Concept
in	I-General_Concept
Computer	I-General_Concept
Science	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
Garland	O
chaired	O
,	O
to	O
opt	O
for	B-Language
requiring	O
Pascal	B-Application
and	O
not	O
allowing	O
Basic	O
as	O
the	O
language	O
for	B-Language
the	O
course	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Garland	O
used	O
SBASIC	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
introductory	O
course	O
in	O
computer	O
science	O
at	O
Dartmouth	O
,	O
but	O
rewrote	O
his	O
textbook	O
for	B-Language
the	O
course	O
in	O
Pascal	B-Application
so	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
AP	O
course	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
changes	O
were	O
further	O
elaborations	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
for	B-Language
calling	O
external	O
programs	O
and	O
"	O
overlays	O
"	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
break	O
up	O
a	O
program	O
into	O
parts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
provided	O
a	O
modicum	O
of	O
data	B-Application
hiding	I-Application
within	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
routines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
another	O
major	O
update	O
was	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
activation	O
records	O
for	B-Language
subroutines	O
which	O
made	O
recursion	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GE	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
companies	O
;	O
they	O
released	O
their	O
Mark	O
II	O
systems	O
with	O
the	O
5th	O
edition	O
rather	O
than	O
waiting	O
for	B-Language
the	O
6th	O
to	O
arrive	O
a	O
few	O
months	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BASIC-PLUS	B-Language
on	O
the	O
DEC	O
platform	O
was	O
perhaps	O
the	O
closest	O
implementation	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
MAT	O
commands	O
for	B-Language
instance	O
,	O
but	O
then	O
added	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
changes	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
backward-compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
American	O
National	O
Standards	O
Institute	O
(	O
ANSI	O
)	O
working	O
group	O
,	O
X3J2	B-Language
,	O
formed	O
in	O
January	O
1974	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
corresponding	O
European	O
Computer	O
Manufacturers	O
Association	O
(	O
ECMA	O
)	O
group	O
,	O
TC21	O
,	O
that	O
September	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	B-Language
instance	O
,	O
the	O
standard	O
included	O
a	O
line-continuation	O
character	O
,	O
but	O
chose	O
the	O
ampersand	O
,	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
also	O
used	O
for	B-Language
string	O
concatenation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
microcomputer	B-Architecture
systems	O
in	O
1975	O
had	O
quickly	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Altair	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
,	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
what	O
would	O
soon	O
be	O
known	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
MS	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
was	O
patterned	O
on	O
BASIC-PLUS	B-Language
,	O
and	O
thus	O
ultimately	O
the	O
Fifth	O
Edition	O
,	O
but	O
lacked	O
indenting	O
,	O
MAT	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
microcomputers	B-Architecture
grew	O
,	O
and	O
turned	O
into	O
the	O
home	O
computer	O
market	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
,	O
MS	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
became	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
real	O
purpose	O
to	O
the	O
standards	O
;	O
not	O
only	O
was	O
MS	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
everywhere	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
the	O
mid-1980s	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
BASIC	O
was	O
declining	O
as	O
shrinkwrap	O
software	O
took	O
over	O
from	O
type-in	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DTSS	O
implemented	O
an	O
early	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
(	O
IDE	O
)	O
:	O
an	O
interactive	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	B-Language
instance	O
,	O
an	O
idle	O
terminal	O
could	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
user	O
account	O
by	O
typing	O
HELLO	O
,	O
and	O
logged	O
out	O
again	O
with	O
BYE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
was	O
active	O
at	O
a	O
given	O
time	O
for	B-Language
a	O
given	O
user	O
account	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
no	O
program	O
had	O
been	O
loaded	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
program	O
was	O
assumed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stored	O
programs	O
were	O
accessed	O
using	O
commands	O
that	O
are	O
today	O
better	O
known	O
as	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
BASIC	B-Language
language	I-Language
itself	O
;	O
for	B-Language
instance	O
,	O
the	O
LIST	O
command	O
instructed	O
DTSS	O
to	O
print	O
out	O
the	O
currently	O
active	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
commands	O
were	O
often	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
BASIC	B-Language
language	I-Language
by	O
users	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
were	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
sharing	O
system	O
and	O
were	O
also	O
used	O
when	O
preparing	O
ALGOL	B-Language
or	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
programs	O
via	O
the	O
DTSS	O
terminals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
received	O
two	O
one-hour	O
lectures	O
on	O
Basic	O
near	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
these	O
courses	O
and	O
then	O
had	O
to	O
write	O
four	O
programs	O
in	O
Basic	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
programs	O
for	B-Language
approximating	O
π	O
or	O
finding	O
a	O
root	O
of	O
a	O
quintic	O
polynomial	O
to	O
programs	O
for	B-Language
solving	O
a	O
differential	O
equation	O
or	O
finding	O
(	O
by	O
simulation	O
)	O
the	O
limiting	O
probability	O
in	O
a	O
Markov	O
chain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
release	O
implemented	O
the	O
following	O
statement	O
types	O
,	O
taking	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
operators	O
and	O
keywords	O
from	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
II	I-Application
and	O
some	O
from	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Overall	O
,	O
the	O
language	O
more	O
closely	O
follows	O
the	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
model	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
generally	O
has	O
one	O
statement	O
per	O
line	O
of	O
code	O
,	O
lacks	O
ALGOL	B-Language
's	O
"	O
blocks	O
"	O
to	O
group	O
code	O
(	O
these	O
structured	B-Language
programming	I-Language
constructs	O
were	O
a	O
primary	O
reason	O
for	B-Language
ALGOLs	B-Language
development	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
GOTO	B-Application
to	O
control	O
program	O
flow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
ALGOL	B-Language
it	O
took	O
the	O
FOR	B-Language
...	O
TO	O
STEP	O
...	O
style	O
loops	O
that	O
replaced	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
's	O
unwieldy	O
DO	O
...	O
CONTINUE	O
statements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BASIC	O
also	O
simplified	O
the	O
IF	O
...	O
THEN	O
construct	O
to	O
allow	O
simple	O
comparisons	O
like	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
's	O
IF	O
(	O
X-5	O
)	O
20	O
,	O
20	O
,	O
30	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FORTRAN	B-Application
's	O
style	O
"	O
computed	O
IF	O
"	O
was	O
reintroduced	O
with	O
the	O
ON	O
...	O
GOTO	B-Application
command	O
in	O
later	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FORTRAN	B-Application
's	O
odd	O
system	O
for	B-Language
setting	O
up	O
the	O
variables	O
I	O
through	O
N	O
as	O
integers	O
and	O
the	O
rest	O
as	O
floating	B-Algorithm
point	I-Algorithm
was	O
removed	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
variables	O
were	O
assumed	O
to	O
be	O
floating	B-Algorithm
point	I-Algorithm
and	O
dimensioned	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
10	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
implemented	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
numeric	B-Algorithm
variables	O
and	O
arithmetic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
most	O
subsequent	O
BASICs	O
,	O
Dartmouth	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
,	O
from	O
the	O
Third	O
Edition	O
onwards	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
matrix	O
keyword	O
,	O
MAT	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
prefix	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
commands	O
to	O
operate	O
on	O
entire	O
arrays	O
of	O
data	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
command	O
.	O
</s>
