<s>
Danmaku	O
or	O
Danmu	B-Language
(	O
Japanese	O
:	O
;	O
Simplified	O
Chinese	O
:	O
,	O
literally	O
translated	O
as	O
“	O
bullet	O
curtain	O
”	O
and	O
figuratively	O
as	O
“	O
barrage	O
”	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
subtitle	O
system	O
in	O
online	O
video	O
platforms	O
that	O
originates	O
from	O
Japan	O
and	O
popularised	O
in	O
Mainland	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
Danmaku	O
( だんまく	O
)	O
originates	O
from	O
a	O
shooting	O
arcade	O
game	O
or	O
Shoot	O
'	O
em	O
up	O
,	O
“	O
Batsugun	B-Application
”	O
created	O
by	O
now-defunct	O
Japanese	O
developer	O
Toaplan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Batsugun	B-Application
is	O
the	O
first	O
recorded	O
example	O
of	O
what	O
would	O
become	O
Danmaku	O
and	O
subgenres	O
stemming	O
from	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Batsugun	B-Application
is	O
not	O
credited	O
with	O
actually	O
creating	O
the	O
Danmaku	O
subgenres	O
,	O
it	O
sets	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
modern	O
templates	O
in	O
place	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
Niconico	O
in	O
Mainland	O
China	O
,	O
Chinese	O
video-sharing	O
platforms	O
also	O
began	O
to	O
adopt	O
Danmaku	O
functions	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
Danmu	B-Language
"	O
in	O
Chinese	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
2008	O
–	O
2009	O
,	O
Chinese	O
ACG	O
websites	O
AcFun	O
and	O
Bilibili	O
introduced	O
the	O
Danmu	B-Language
system	O
to	O
their	O
video	O
streaming	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Danmu	B-Language
rapidly	O
gained	O
popularity	O
among	O
ACG	O
users	O
in	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Soon	O
,	O
other	O
major	O
Chinese	O
platforms	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
iQiyi	B-Application
,	O
Youku	O
and	O
Tencent	O
Video	O
,	O
followed	O
suit	O
to	O
deploy	O
Danmu	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
its	O
popularity	O
and	O
impact	O
,	O
Danmu	B-Language
has	O
become	O
a	O
topic	O
of	O
scholarly	O
research	O
,	O
including	O
linguistic	O
,	O
sociological	O
,	O
and	O
cultural	O
study	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
potential	O
applications	O
in	O
online	O
learning	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
certain	O
moments	O
of	O
the	O
videos	O
,	O
user	O
comments	O
fill	O
up	O
the	O
screen	O
giving	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
a	O
bullet	O
curtain	O
,	O
or	O
“	O
Danmaku	O
”	O
in	O
Japanese	O
and	O
"	O
Danmu	B-Language
"	O
in	O
Chinese	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
videos	O
use	O
AI	B-Application
technology	O
to	O
prevent	O
Danmaku	O
from	O
obstructing	O
faces	O
or	O
figures	O
of	O
people	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
its	O
popularisation	O
by	O
AcFun	O
and	O
Bilibili	O
,	O
Danmaku	O
has	O
been	O
adopted	O
by	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
video	O
streaming	O
platforms	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
iQiyi	B-Application
,	O
Youku	O
and	O
Tencent	O
Videos	O
.	O
</s>
