<s>
DYNAMO	B-Language
(	O
DYNAmic	O
MOdels	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
simulation	B-Language
language	I-Language
and	O
accompanying	O
graphical	O
notation	O
developed	O
within	O
the	O
system	O
dynamics	O
analytical	O
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DYNAMO	B-Language
was	O
initially	O
developed	O
under	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
Jay	O
Wright	O
Forrester	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1950s	O
,	O
by	O
Dr.	O
Phyllis	O
Fox	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
DYNAMO	B-Language
was	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
system	O
dynamics	O
simulations	O
of	O
global	O
resource	O
depletion	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
Club	O
of	O
Rome	O
's	O
Limits	O
to	O
Growth	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
since	O
fallen	O
into	O
disuse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1958	O
,	O
Forrester	O
unwittingly	O
instigated	O
DYNAMO	B-Language
's	O
development	O
when	O
he	O
asked	O
an	O
MIT	O
staff	O
programmer	O
to	O
compute	O
needed	O
solutions	O
to	O
some	O
equations	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
Harvard	O
Business	O
Review	O
paper	O
he	O
was	O
writing	O
about	O
industrial	O
dynamics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SIMPLE	O
became	O
the	O
proof-of-concept	O
for	O
DYNAMO	B-Language
:	O
rather	O
than	O
have	O
a	O
specialist	O
programmer	O
"	O
hard-code	O
"	O
a	O
special-purpose	O
solver	O
in	O
a	O
general	O
purpose	O
programming	O
language	O
,	O
users	O
could	O
specify	O
a	O
system	O
's	O
equations	O
in	O
a	O
special	O
simulation	B-Language
language	I-Language
and	O
get	O
simulation	O
output	O
from	O
one	O
program	O
execution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DYNAMO	B-Language
was	O
designed	O
to	O
emphasize	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
the	O
ways	O
in	O
which	O
DYNAMO	B-Language
was	O
above	O
the	O
standard	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
featured	O
units	O
checking	O
of	O
numerical	O
types	O
and	O
relatively	O
clear	O
error	O
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earliest	O
versions	O
were	O
written	O
in	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
704	I-Device
,	O
then	O
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
709	I-Device
and	O
IBM	B-Device
7090	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
DYNAMO	B-Language
II	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
AED-0	O
,	O
an	O
extended	O
version	O
of	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
both	O
Dynamo	B-Language
II/F	O
and	O
Dynamo	B-Language
III	O
improved	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
portability	O
by	O
being	O
written	O
in	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
designed	O
for	O
batch	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
on	O
mainframe	O
computers	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
on	O
minicomputers	B-Architecture
in	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
became	O
available	O
as	O
"	O
micro-Dynamo	O
"	O
on	O
personal	O
computers	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
went	O
through	O
several	O
revisions	O
from	O
DYNAMO	B-Language
II	O
up	O
to	O
DYNAMO	B-Language
IV	O
in	O
1983	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Apart	O
from	O
its	O
(	O
indirectly	O
felt	O
)	O
public	O
impact	O
in	O
environmental	O
issues	O
raised	O
by	O
the	O
controversy	O
over	O
Limits	O
to	O
Growth	O
,	O
DYNAMO	B-Language
was	O
influential	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
discrete-event	O
simulation	O
even	O
though	O
it	O
was	O
essentially	O
a	O
package	O
for	O
continuous	O
simulation	O
specified	O
through	O
difference	O
equations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
criticized	O
as	O
weak	O
precisely	O
where	O
mathematical	O
sophistication	O
should	O
be	O
required	O
and	O
for	O
relying	O
only	O
on	O
Euler	B-Algorithm
integration	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
