<s>
Digital	B-Application
Video	I-Application
Broadcasting	I-Application
-	O
Cable	O
(	O
DVB-C	B-Device
)	O
is	O
the	O
DVB	B-Application
European	O
consortium	O
standard	O
for	O
the	O
broadcast	O
transmission	O
of	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
over	O
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
system	O
transmits	O
an	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
or	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
family	O
digital	O
audio/digital	O
video	O
stream	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
QAM	B-Device
modulation	I-Device
with	O
channel	O
coding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
was	O
first	O
published	O
by	O
the	O
ETSI	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
and	O
subsequently	O
became	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
transmission	O
system	O
for	O
digital	B-Device
cable	I-Device
television	I-Device
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
Asia	O
and	O
South	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Source	B-General_Concept
coding	I-General_Concept
and	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
multiplexing	B-Architecture
(	O
MUX	O
)	O
:	O
video	O
,	O
audio	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
streams	O
are	O
multiplexed	B-Architecture
into	O
an	O
MPEG	O
program	O
stream	O
(	O
MPEG-PS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Allowed	O
bit	O
rates	O
for	O
the	O
transported	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
depend	O
on	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
modulation	B-Application
parameters	O
:	O
it	O
can	O
range	O
from	O
about	O
6	O
to	O
about	O
64	O
Mbit/s	O
(	O
see	O
the	O
bottom	O
figure	O
for	O
a	O
complete	O
listing	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MUX	O
adaptation	O
and	O
energy	O
dispersal	O
:	O
the	O
MPEG-TS	O
is	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
data	B-Protocol
packets	I-Protocol
,	O
of	O
fixed	O
length	O
(	O
188	O
bytes	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
External	O
encoder	O
:	O
a	O
first	O
level	O
of	O
protection	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
transmitted	O
data	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
nonbinary	O
block	O
code	O
,	O
a	O
Reed	B-Error_Name
–	I-Error_Name
Solomon	I-Error_Name
RS	O
(	O
204	O
,	O
188	O
)	O
code	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
correction	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
8	O
wrong	O
bytes	O
for	O
each	O
188-byte	O
packet	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
QAM	B-Device
Mapper	O
:	O
the	O
bit	O
sequence	O
is	O
mapped	O
into	O
a	O
base-band	O
digital	O
sequence	O
of	O
complex	O
symbols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
5	O
allowed	O
modulation	B-Application
modes	O
:	O
16-QAM	B-Device
,	O
32-QAM	B-Device
,	O
64-QAM	B-Device
,	O
128-QAM	B-Device
,	O
256-QAM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Base-band	O
shaping	O
:	O
the	O
QAM	B-Device
signal	O
is	O
filtered	O
with	O
a	O
raised-cosine	O
shaped	O
filter	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
remove	O
mutual	O
signal	O
interference	O
at	O
the	O
receiving	O
side	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DAC	O
and	O
front-end	B-Architecture
:	O
the	O
digital	O
signal	O
is	O
transformed	O
into	O
an	O
analog	O
signal	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
digital-to-analog	O
converter	O
(	O
DAC	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
modulated	B-Application
to	O
radio	O
frequency	O
by	O
the	O
RF	O
front-end	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Front-end	B-Architecture
and	O
ADC	O
:	O
the	O
analog	O
RF	O
signal	O
is	O
converted	O
to	O
base-band	O
and	O
transformed	O
into	O
a	O
digital	O
signal	O
,	O
using	O
an	O
analog-to-digital	O
converter	O
(	O
ADC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
18	O
,	O
2008	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
a	O
new	O
standard	O
–	O
DVB-C2	B-Device
–	O
would	O
be	O
developed	O
during	O
2008	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
"	O
Call	O
for	O
Technologies	O
"	O
was	O
issued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
DVB-C2	B-Device
Study	O
Mission	O
already	O
provided	O
clear	O
indications	O
that	O
technologies	O
are	O
available	O
allowing	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
DVB	B-Application
cable	O
transmission	O
system	O
to	O
get	O
so	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
theoretical	O
Shannon	O
Limit	O
that	O
any	O
further	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
would	O
most	O
likely	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
justify	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
disruptive	O
third	O
generation	O
of	O
cable	O
transmission	O
system.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
using	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
art	O
coding	O
and	O
modulation	B-Application
techniques	O
,	O
DVB-C2	B-Device
should	O
offer	O
greater	O
than	O
30%	O
higher	O
spectrum	O
efficiency	O
under	O
the	O
same	O
conditions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
gains	O
in	O
downstream	O
channel	O
capacity	O
will	O
be	O
greater	O
than	O
60%	O
for	O
optimized	O
HFC	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
DVB-C2	B-Device
specification	O
was	O
approved	O
by	O
the	O
DVB	B-Application
Steering	O
Board	O
in	O
April	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DVB-C2	B-Device
allows	O
bit	O
rates	O
up	O
to	O
83.1Mbit/s	O
on	O
an	O
8MHz	O
channel	O
bandwidth	O
when	O
using	O
4096-QAM	B-Device
modulation	B-Application
;	O
future	O
extensions	O
will	O
allow	O
up	O
to	O
97	O
Mbit/s	O
and	O
110.8	O
Mbit/s	O
per	O
channel	O
using	O
16384-QAM	O
and	O
65536-AQAM	O
modulation	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modes	O
and	O
features	O
of	O
DVB-C2	B-Device
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
DVB-C	B-Device
:	O
</s>
